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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), academia, and private sector subject matter experts, recently completed an energy study to evaluate potential site and source energy-use reduction in new Army buildings. The study was completed in response to the mandates for energy savings in federal buildings enacted by the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (U.S. Congress 2007). The building types studied included an Unaccompanied Enlisted Personnel Housing (UEPH or barracks), a brigade headquarters (administrative building), a company operation facility, a maintenance facility, and a dining facility (DFAC). The study was conducted for representative locations in all 15 DOE identified climate zones in the United States with building designs adapted to these climatic conditions. This paper presents the results of the energy analysis for a typical Army dining facility. It discusses energy efficiency measures and combinations used to reduce both internal and external loads on the building and overall energy use. The largest load in a DFAC is the cooking, and the currently available best-in-class kitchen equipment is included in the final design. The potential site energy savings compared to the energy code range from 21% to 38%. The potential source energy savings compared to Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey ranges from 37% to 42%. Additional savings may be obtained if an efficient cogeneration system is used and the building is considered as a part of the building cluster or community to fully utilize the energy from the cogeneration system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The definition of a good indoor climate is important to the success of a passenger rail coach, not only because it will decide its energy consumption and thus influence its sustainability but also because good comfort for long journeys is essential. The intention is to use the results to optimize the control of the ventilation system to provide an indoor climate that passengers will find comfortable. The results of this study show how passengers' thermal comfort was affected by changing the supplied air conditions. This paper primary discusses and analyzes the simulation of the air flow and thermal patterns in a Subway station. Numerical simulation of a typical model is presented. Modifications were applied to the numerical model to show the improvement of the thermal comfort level. The pre-processor Gambit is used to create the geometric model with parametric features. Commercially available simulation software "Fluent 6.3" is incorporated to solve conservation of mass, momentum and energy in the processing of air distribution, and to analyze turbulence affection combined heat transfer on air distribution. In this thesis work, the socalled standard k-ε turbulence model, one of the most widespread turbulence models for industrial applications, was utilized. Basic parameters included in this work are air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity and turbulence parameters are used for numerical prediction of indoor air distribution. Measurements of air velocity, and temperature were undertaken in a plane perpindicular to the supply diffuser. These values were then compared to the obtained results from the simulated cases. The thermal comfort prediction through this work was based on the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) model and the PPD (Percentage Predicted Dissatisfied) model, the PMV and PPD were estimated using Fanger's model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]