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Objectives: To estimate the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women attended in Family Medicine Units of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social and to determine the in vitro sensitivity rate of the microorganisms to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin and amikacin., Patients and Methods: We carried out an observational, prospective and transversal study at Family Medicine Units 62 and 64 of the Mexico State Delegation, located in the urban area of Mexico City. Women with lesser than 32 weeks of pregnancy without urinary tract symptoms were included. Urine culture of a midstream urine specimen with > or = 10(5) colony forming units/mL urine of an only germen was used as the gold standard. The in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity was established according to the Bauer Kirby technique., Results: 874 pregnant women were included and 73 had a positive urine culture, with a frequency of 8.4%, IC 95% = 6.6 - 10.2%, of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Escherichia coil was the most frequent isolated agent (77%). In vitro sensitivity to ampicillin of the microorganisms isolated was of 27%, IC 95% = 16 - 38%; to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole of 40%, IC95% = 29 - 51%; to amikacin of 68%, IC 95% = 57 - 79%, and to nitrofurantoin of 79%, IC 95% = 70 - 88%., Conclusions: The frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the studied population is similar to the reported by the literature. The in vitro sensitivity rates of E. coil to ampicillin and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are very low. The best sensitivity corresponded to the nitrofurantoin. The treatment of the asymptomatic bacteriuria must be based on the local patterns of antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance.

Background: Surgical wound infection after cesarean section varies from 2.5 to 16.1%, thus the utilization of antibiotic prophylaxis has increased routinely and irrationally. Despite this, we can still see cases of infections., Objective: To determine if the antibiotic prophylaxis with cefotaxime is associated with the decreased incidence of wound infection in patients submitted to cesarean section without risk factors., Patients and Methods: This study was carried out as a randomized clinical trial in patients submitted to cesarean section. Two groups were formed: in the first group we administered cefotaxime and the other one did not receive prophylaxis. The follow-up lasted 30 days to evaluate clinical data of infection., Results: We performed 3,300 cesarean in the studied period; 1,000 patients had the inclusion criteria to participate in the study. A surgical wound infection was observed in 31 (0.96%) patients without risk factors. In 14 of these patients we administered cefotaxime, and in 17 patients we did not use prophylaxis. The highest frequency of infection was observed in the group of 24 to 30 years old, with 16 patients (51.6%). The clinical data of infection were: dehiscence in 29 patients (93.5%), pus secretion in 23 (74.2%), and fever in only 3 (9.7%) of them. The hospital stay after the infection was of five days in 75% of the cases. When the use of cefotaxime as prophylaxis was analyzed in both groups we had an odds ratio of 0.82, which was not significant., Discussion: The use of cefotaxime in patients operated of cesarean does not have great transcendence since it does not reduce the infection incidence. The use of antibiotics in an irrational way implies a high cost, since the majority of the post-operation infections are not complicated, involving exclusively the skin and cellular subcutaneous tissue. Then, the cases with risk factors should be analyzed carefully for the cefotaxime administration.

Objective: To determine the clinical significance and optimal cutting points of laboratory tests more frequently used in patients with pre-eclampsia of recent diagnosis., Materials and Methods: We made an analytic cross-sectional study for evaluation of diagnostic test. Non probabilistic sampling. Sample size 400 patients. We used the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria as gold standard. Laboratory personnel was blinded to the clinical classification of the patients., Results: We studied 192 patients without pre-eclampsia, 63 with mild and 153 with severe pre-eclampsia. Hematocrits, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and bilirubins did not show significative differences among groups. Platelets counting showed low sensitivity. Lactic dehydrogenase showed 71% sensitivity (65-85 CI95%), specificity 74% (68-80 CI95%) positive likelihood ratio 2.7 and negative 0.4. Uric acid showed sensitivity of 75% (69-81 CI95%) specificity 79% (73-85 CI95%) positive likelihood ratio of 3.5 and negative of 0.3. Seric creatinine with sensitivity of 81% (76-86 CI95%) specificity of 60% (53-67 CI95%) positive likelihood ratio of 2 and negative of 0.3., Conclusions: Seric uric acid, seric creatinine and lactic dehydrogenase are useful for diagnosis and severity classification of pre-eclampsia. Platelets counting is not useful for diagnosis but is useful for severity classification. In patients with thrombocytopenia prothrombin time is useful for severity classification.