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The article discusses the application of the community state aid rules to urban public transport as to prevent distorted competition between transport operators. Public funding of infrastructure for urban transport, and identification of cases where public funding constitutes state aid and the concept of 'internal operator' is also discussed.

The article examines the use of European Commission Article 82 for action against exploitation of oligopolistic dominance. To make a clear distinction between unilateral abuses of collective dominance another clause that is using practices like advance price notification or adopting a favorable customer clause should be added to Article 82 as abuse of oligopolistic dominance.

The article discusses the application of European law to the issue of national champions with regard to merger operations with community dimension. These mergers are controlled by the EC Merger Regulation, which allows the member states to decide on the number of merger operations across the border with provisions to protect its legitimate interests.

The article discusses the objectives and principles of the use of settlements in public antitrust enforcement. Two questions, that is, conditions under which the use of settlements gives optimum antitrust enforcement and the conditions under which self-incrimination and waivers of the procedural rights by candidates opting for settlement are agreeable with the fundamental rights of defense are examined.

The article examines the extent of access European Commission law provides to civil tort proceedings available to taxpayers in relevance to the Thin Cap Group, Arcor and i-21 cases and the AssiDoman Kraft case.

The Green Paper's proposals for the revision of the Consumer Acquis from the point of view of public consultation are discussed. The appropriate level of harmonization is evaluated and it is observed that the Commission is not revealing the entire picture.

The article discusses how the pre-sale mandatory information disclosure requirements in Community legislation relating to financial products should be carried out and reviewed. Some of the imperfections in the current disclosure requirements are highlighted and suggestions for a critical evaluation are made.

The key elements that contribute to the issue of corporate governance in the European community are discussed. A re-definition of the corporate objective and corporate governance in light of the EC Law is also highlighted.

An explanatory note to facilitate understanding of the best practices proposed in the Best Practice Note is presented. The Best Practice Note is formulated for the ICC Task Force for Arbitrating Competition Law Issues in Paris and is meant for arbitrators who have been appointed to adjudicate EC competition law and lays down parameters of the EC competition law regime and their relevance for international arbitration.

The Best Practice Note is formulated for the ICC Task Force for Arbitrating Competition Law Issues in Paris by Carl Nisser and Gordon Blanke. It lays down best practices that the European Commission and the international arbitrator are to apply as guidelines in terms of the Commission's involvement as amicus curiae in international arbitral proceedings from the viewpoint of the ICC Task Force.

The author expresses his personal opinion on the merits and demerits of Draft Note on Best Practices. He explains the reasons for the lack of consensus within the Task Force on the Note, the dangers of standardizing all aspects of arbitration and highlights the controversies that are likely to arise from the attempt to define adequate guidelines in international arbitration proceedings.

The rules to be followed by arbitrators regarding Articles of 81 and 82 which belong to the basic principles of public policy and their relationship with the Eucopean Commission are provided.

Arbitrations provided for by merger commitments are not a regulatory instrument but a tool of private enforcement which ensures enforcement of merger commitments, especially for the settlement of the disputes which may arise in relation to them.

The article examines the implications of the Lisbon Strategy (LS), its aims and achievements and the Open Method of Coordination (OMS) for the future of social Europe. The social and employment dimensions of LS are also studied.

The long term developments expected in European tax law are examined. The need for cooperation among European Commission, European Court of Justice and European Union member states for framing rules governing consolidation of direct taxes is discussed.