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In February 2021, the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal (FCT) announced its decision to adopt Plan S. Plan S aims to ensure that from 2021 onwards, all scholarly publications on the results from research funded by public or private grants must be published in Open Access journals or platforms, and/or made immediately available through open access repositories without embargo and with copyright retention. Compliance with Plan S can be achieved via three different routes: publication in an Open Access journal or platform, publication in a closed venue with the manuscript deposit made immediately openly available in a repository, or publication under the umbrella of a transformative agreement. Plan S also follows ten fundamental principles, which imply multiple challenges to the funders, but also to authors and their institutions. These challenges equate to, in some cases, to complete changes in paradigm. With adequate and well-articulated measures, the authors believe that the adoption of Plan S by FCT will result in a better projection of the funded research work. Ultimately, this will lead, in the long run, to a better return on investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]