18 results
Search Results
2. Two waves of Croatian migrants in Western Australia: Class and national identity
- Abstract
This paper examines the ways in which two waves of Croatian migrants in Western Australia have constructed their ethnic/national identity following migration. These two waves - the first took place during the 1960s and the early 1970s and the second in the late 1980s/early 1990s - are considerably different in terms of their socio-economic background. The earlier wave came from rural areas of Croatia and can be described as typically working class, while the recent wave came from the cities and predominantly consists of professional people. Migrants from the 1960s wave express a strong identification with their place (village, town, island) of origin and form a rather close-knit ethnic 'community of place'. There is a strong link between territory, ethnicity and identity in this group of migrants. Recent developments in Croatia (the war for independence) have helped to 'enlarge' this local-ethnic focus into an 'imagined' national identity. Ethno-national belonging and identification is not emphasised in the recent group of Croatian migrants. Their 'Croatianness' is secondary in the re-construction of their identity following migration. It is their professional identification that seems to be central in this process. They consider the Croatian 'ethnic community' to be irrelevant to their life in Australia and seek to integrate into the broader Australian community primarily through their professional work
- Published
- 2016
3. Two waves of Croatian migrants in Western Australia: Class and national identity
- Abstract
This paper examines the ways in which two waves of Croatian migrants in Western Australia have constructed their ethnic/national identity following migration. These two waves - the first took place during the 1960s and the early 1970s and the second in the late 1980s/early 1990s - are considerably different in terms of their socio-economic background. The earlier wave came from rural areas of Croatia and can be described as typically working class, while the recent wave came from the cities and predominantly consists of professional people. Migrants from the 1960s wave express a strong identification with their place (village, town, island) of origin and form a rather close-knit ethnic 'community of place'. There is a strong link between territory, ethnicity and identity in this group of migrants. Recent developments in Croatia (the war for independence) have helped to 'enlarge' this local-ethnic focus into an 'imagined' national identity. Ethno-national belonging and identification is not emphasised in the recent group of Croatian migrants. Their 'Croatianness' is secondary in the re-construction of their identity following migration. It is their professional identification that seems to be central in this process. They consider the Croatian 'ethnic community' to be irrelevant to their life in Australia and seek to integrate into the broader Australian community primarily through their professional work
- Published
- 2016
4. The Treatment of Families in the Australian Welfare State, 1984 to 2010
- Abstract
This paper uses Australian Bureau of Statistics' fiscal incidence figures to track trends in the treatment of families with children in the Australian welfare state across the period 1984 to 2010. Our four main findings are that: sole parent families gained while couple families made no net gain; there was no growth in 'middle class welfare'; couple families are slightly better off than elderly households in terms of their final incomes, but considerably less well off in terms of their net worth; and stated differences in policy intentions by the major political parties have had little influence on trends in actual government redistribution.
- Published
- 2014
5. Lone mothers’ time allocations: Choices and satisfactions
- Abstract
This paper uses the 2006 Australian Time Use Survey to examine theallocation of time to personal care, employment-related activities, homeduties, leisure and child care of lone mothers, in comparison to the timeallocations of single women, women in childless couples and partneredmothers. Both primary and secondary time allocations are considered. Thesatisfactions that women report concerning their current time allocations arealso analysed. The time use and satisfaction data are described using bothtabulations and multiple regression methods. Lone mothers are shown tohave similar time allocations as the other types of households, even thoughthey have different financial and time resources. This raises the concernthat lone mothers’ desire or need to maintain such time allocations maylead to task overload. Consistent with this, lone mothers are found to beless satisfied with the way they allocate their time than single women andpartnered mothers. The tensions associated with time use among lonemothers discussed in the literature are real, and important.
- Published
- 2013
6. Gender, emotions and fly-in fly-out work
- Abstract
This paper explores the emotional life of fly-in fly-out (FIFO) workers and their families, through an analysis of more than 500 postings made on an online chat forum for mining families. Building on literature on fly-in fly-out workers and understandings of emotions as socially constructed, analysis shows how posters to the forum, typically women whose male partners are FIFO workers, construct gendered emotional identities for their partners (sometimes referred to as ‘Mr Miner’), and for themselves, as ‘mining women’, ‘mining widows’ or the ‘mining missus’. Inherent in the creation of gendered emotional subject positions is the process of women undertaking emotion work on and behalf of themselves, their male partners and their children. The findings demonstrate the overarching normative dimensions of women’s emotional self-transformations in the service of their mining partners’ careers and the attendant reproduction of everyday patriarchal relations in the private lives of mining families.
- Published
- 2013
7. The politics of gendered emotions : disrupting men's emotional investment in privilege
- Abstract
This paper explores the implications of the neglect of emotions in critical masculinity studies and profeminist masculinity politics. This neglect in part results from feminist and profeminist critiques of the literature on emotional inexpressiveness as a tragedy for men that ignores male privilege and men's social power. To focus on men's emotions is seen by some profeminist commentators as psychologising men at the expense of sociological understandings of men's social power. However, in neglecting the place of emotions in men's lives, critical masculinity studies has overlooked the ways in which men's emotional attachment to privilege can perpetuate oppressive gender relations and male violence against women. By exploring men's emotional investment in unequal gender relations, the article outlines ways in which emotions can also be used as a catalyst to disrupt men's attachment to male privilege.
- Published
- 2012
8. What is the (net) cost to Government of Homelessness Programs?
- Abstract
Homelessness programs may improve the health, well‑being, financial security, labour market and housing outcomes of clients. This, in turn, may result in decreased utilisation of health and justice services, reduced child residential care costs, lower housing management costs, lower income support payments and higher revenue from increased income tax payments. When costed, such impacts represent whole‑of‑government savings or cost offsets to the provision of homelessness programs. This paper provides indicative estimates of the value of potential savings or cost offsets in two areas, namely, the health and justice fields from homelessness program interventions. Our key finding is that homelessness programs have the potential to save over twice the value of the capital and recurrent funding of homelessness programs on the basis of health and justice cost offsets alone.
- Published
- 2008
9. What is the (net) cost to Government of Homelessness Programs?
- Abstract
Homelessness programs may improve the health, well‑being, financial security, labour market and housing outcomes of clients. This, in turn, may result in decreased utilisation of health and justice services, reduced child residential care costs, lower housing management costs, lower income support payments and higher revenue from increased income tax payments. When costed, such impacts represent whole‑of‑government savings or cost offsets to the provision of homelessness programs. This paper provides indicative estimates of the value of potential savings or cost offsets in two areas, namely, the health and justice fields from homelessness program interventions. Our key finding is that homelessness programs have the potential to save over twice the value of the capital and recurrent funding of homelessness programs on the basis of health and justice cost offsets alone.
- Published
- 2008
10. Isolation and insecurity: Resettlement issues among Muslim refugee women in Perth, Western Australia
- Abstract
Refugee Muslim women face a number of formidable obstacles in the resettlement process within Australia. As Muslims, they are a religious minority that has come under considerable racial attack in recent years in the wake of international terrorism. As refugees, they are struggling to put past traumas behind them and find 'security' in a strange land with different customs. As women, they are trying to find a voice for themselves amidst ethnic traditions that limit their range of expression and an Australian society that aspires to, but has not yet achieved, equality for women. Our qualitative study, upon which this paper is based, explored resettlement issues of Muslim refugee women during their first five years of arrival in Perth, Australia. It is based on focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 80 Muslim refugee women: 35 Iraqi, 34 Sudanese and 11 Afghan. Our study re-affirms that well-documented issues of resettlement continue to be poor English language competency, securing employment and accommodation and gender-specific problems. In addition, however, our study highlights a new and emerging issue, which is that of personal, psychological and cultural insecurity, heightened by the current political climate and exacerbated by their religious background. This leads to problematic 'intersections' with an Australian society that is far more complex and more difficult to cope with than is portrayed in popular discourse and political rhetoric of the easy-going 'lucky country'.
- Published
- 2007
11. Australian Muslim responses to the discourse on terrorism in the Australian popular media
- Abstract
The media is often referred to as a social institution in that it is a major element of contemporary Western society. Through the media, social processes create narratives or stories within interpretative frameworks that are embedded in the cultural and political assumptions of the wider society. Since the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in September 2001, the media has played a crucial role in the developing discourse on contemporary terrorism. In the Australian context, this discourse has emerged as one which implicates Australian Muslims, constructing them as a homogenous monolith with an underlying implication that Islam, and by association Australian Muslims, is secular resistant and at odds with the values of the liberal democratic state. Several textual analyses attest to the bias against Muslims in the popular Australian media discourse. However, there have been no studies into how Australian Muslims are interpreting and responding to this discourse. Based on research into the attitudes and perceptions of the media among Australian Muslims, this paper argues that the interpretation of the media discourse as defiantly anti-Muslim and the perception of the media as a powerful purveyor of public opinion has impacted on the construction of Australian Muslim identity. In responding to this discourse, Australian Muslims are creating new narratives of belonging which either reinforce or reject the underlying messages that situate them outside mainstream Australia.
- Published
- 2007
12. Isolation and insecurity: Resettlement issues among Muslim refugee women in Perth, Western Australia
- Abstract
Refugee Muslim women face a number of formidable obstacles in the resettlement process within Australia. As Muslims, they are a religious minority that has come under considerable racial attack in recent years in the wake of international terrorism. As refugees, they are struggling to put past traumas behind them and find 'security' in a strange land with different customs. As women, they are trying to find a voice for themselves amidst ethnic traditions that limit their range of expression and an Australian society that aspires to, but has not yet achieved, equality for women. Our qualitative study, upon which this paper is based, explored resettlement issues of Muslim refugee women during their first five years of arrival in Perth, Australia. It is based on focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 80 Muslim refugee women: 35 Iraqi, 34 Sudanese and 11 Afghan. Our study re-affirms that well-documented issues of resettlement continue to be poor English language competency, securing employment and accommodation and gender-specific problems. In addition, however, our study highlights a new and emerging issue, which is that of personal, psychological and cultural insecurity, heightened by the current political climate and exacerbated by their religious background. This leads to problematic 'intersections' with an Australian society that is far more complex and more difficult to cope with than is portrayed in popular discourse and political rhetoric of the easy-going 'lucky country'.
- Published
- 2007
13. The Brazilianisation of youth transitions in Australia and the UK?
- Abstract
A central theme of Beck’s argument in The Brave New World of Work (2000) is that labour markets in the developed world are taking on some of the core characteristics that have been associated with less developed labour markets such as employment insecurity, informality and precarity. A process he refers to as Brazilianisation. In this paper we consider whether Beck’s thesis can help us understand changes in youth transitions in Australia and the UK by developing a comparative analysis of processes of casualisation in the youth labour markets of the two countries. We assess the extent to which precarious labour market biographies have become entrenched and represent modern forms of engagement with the labour market. While evidence is presented to suggest that young people’s labour market experiences have been affected by a trend towards greater casualisation, we argue that the changes are having the greatest impact on those in the weakest positions: in both countries women are more likely to be affected than men and casualisation is most evident in the lowest skilled occupations.
- Published
- 2005
14. Behind the rhetoric of community development: How is it perceived and practiced?
- Abstract
State and local governments in Western Australia increasingly identify 'community development' as a key approach for the delivery of community services. In this paper I explore how the concept of community development is understood and practiced by workers in the context of government community services. While definitions are most often presented as a universally understood approach, my key argument is: that there are instead, community development 'discourses' that are variously applied to diverse situations. Foucauldian notions of discourse and power are used to propose that, while there may be core and recognisable traits found within the language of community development, in any given situation these combine with a number of variables (most notably stemming from the organization responsible for community services) to form a 'situated' community development discourse.
- Published
- 2004
15. Behind the rhetoric of community development: How is it perceived and practiced?
- Abstract
State and local governments in Western Australia increasingly identify 'community development' as a key approach for the delivery of community services. In this paper I explore how the concept of community development is understood and practiced by workers in the context of government community services. While definitions are most often presented as a universally understood approach, my key argument is: that there are instead, community development 'discourses' that are variously applied to diverse situations. Foucauldian notions of discourse and power are used to propose that, while there may be core and recognisable traits found within the language of community development, in any given situation these combine with a number of variables (most notably stemming from the organization responsible for community services) to form a 'situated' community development discourse.
- Published
- 2004
16. Measuring community development: Perspectives from local government in Western Australia
- Abstract
Local government in Australia has become an important site for discussions about community development and community well being, as increasing numbers of community services are being devolved to this level. Pressures towards greater accountability and demonstration of competitiveness, stemming from the implementation of National Competition Policy have led to attempts to better measure community development activities. In this paper we report on research conducted among management, elected members and community workers at five Western Australian Local Government Authorities which explored the nature and appropriateness of community development measurement. We found workers at all levels of employment struggling, not simply with notions of measurement, but also with fundamental understandings of community development.
- Published
- 2003
17. How has the relationship between parental education and child outcomes changed in Australia since the 1980s?
- Author
-
Diana Smart, Ilan Katz, Gerry Redmond, and Bina Gubhaju
- Subjects
Persistence (psychology) ,Longitudinal study ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Project commissioning ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Longitudinal studies ,05 social sciences ,Australia ,Socio‑economic status ,Child development ,Developmental psychology ,Social skills ,Publishing ,0502 economics and business ,Temperament ,050207 economics ,Social science ,Trends ,business ,Psychology ,Socioeconomic status ,050205 econometrics ,media_common - Abstract
Published version of the paper reproduced here with permission from the publisher, This paper examines how the relationship between parents’ educational achievement (a marker of their socio‑economic status) and children’s early developmental outcomes has evolved in Australia since the early 1980s. The specific focus of this paper is whether the gradient in children’s early developmental outcomes by parents’ education has changed since the 1980s. A comparative analysis of two surveys is undertaken that follows Australian cohorts of children through their early years – the Australian Temperament Project (following children born in Victoria in the early 1980s) and the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (following a representative sample of children born in Australia in 1999). The analysis shows that the relationship between parental education and children’s early developmental outcomes does not in general appear to have changed greatly over the years. The gradient associated with behaviour difficulties, persistence in behaviour difficulties over time, and in reading skills has either remained the same or strengthened somewhat, while the gradient associated with social skills has weakened. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues that might explain these trends.
- Published
- 2013
18. Recouping Wage Underpayment: Increasingly Less Likely?
- Author
-
Miles Goodwin and Glenda Maconachie
- Subjects
Labour economics ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Project commissioning ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Wage ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Evasion (ethics) ,Payment ,050906 social work ,Publishing ,Law ,Wages, Industrial Relations, Underpayment, Enforcement ,Agency (sociology) ,Economics ,0509 other social sciences ,business ,Enforcement ,Industrial relations ,150306 Industrial Relations ,media_common - Abstract
Corporate collapses in Australia have provided stark evidence that employees do not always secure their employment entitlements, despite having a legal right to do so. There has been an implicit assumption in the Australian industrial relations system that employer evasion of employee entitlements is rare. However, our detailed examination of enforcement within the Australian federal industrial relations system shows, for the first time, that despite awards, industrial agreements, union presence and an official enforcement agency, correct payment of entitlements has always been problematic. This paper examines inspection strategy between 1904 and 1995 and makes two points. The first is that changes in strategy have reduced the probability of detection. The second is that shifts towards individual contracts, lower union density, and increased precarious employment have decreased the likelihood of employees' ability to recover monies owed.
- Published
- 2006
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