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Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer among all malignant neoplasms. The decrease in mitotic activity and the death of intact keratinocytes arise due to the constantly renewing epithelium is highly sensitive to ionising radiation. Objective: immunohistochemical evaluation of the proliferative-apoptotic balance of keratinocytes, the fibrous component of the skin and the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines after single or fractional local electron irradiation. Methods. Wistar rats (n=50) were taken and divided into groups: I – control (n=20), which were injected with saline; and experimental groups, local electron irradiation at doses: II – 8 Gy (n=10; single), III – 40 Gy (n=10, single), IV – summary dose 78 Gy (n=10; fractional; 13 Gy per day for 6 days). Results and Conclusions. 8 Gy and 40 Gy single local electron irradiation leads to a shift in the proliferative-apoptotic balance of keratinocytes towards their apoptosis, the activity of which is directly correlate with the dose of ionizing radiation, and 78 Gy summary dose in fractions leads to partial desquamation of the epithelium and inflammatory infiltration. In addition, a significant increase in the expression of type I and type III collagen fibers and the development of signs of radiation-induced skin fibrosis takes place against the background of 78 Gy fractional local electron irradiation. At the same time, after single 8 Gy and 40 Gy electron irradiation the described immunohistochemical changes were insignificant and directly correlated with the dose of ionizing radiation.