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Water is essential for human life. The availability of decent dan safe water for drinking, food processing, and day to day necessity is required to prevent water-borne diseases. This study analyzes the role of household factors (compositional) and rural/urban village factors (contextual) on the condition of dug-wells water in Indonesia. The analysis used data integration of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) – the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas)in March 2018 and the 2018 Village Potential (Podes) data. These three surveys employed a cross-sectional design. We applied multilevel logistic regression modeling using STATA in the analysis. Samples were households that used dug wells in 12,259 rural/urban villages in Indonesia. The result found that 76,5% of households use basic drinking water facilities, in which 54% were in poor condition. The role of household-level (level 1) and rural/urban village-level (level 2) were almost the same, which were 50.13% and 49.87% respectively. In conclusion, there were no differences between household factors and rural/urban village factors in explaining the condition of drinking water from dug wells in Indonesia. To maintain proper and safe dug-wells-drinking-water facilities for all family members, it is necessary to provide environmental education to the community, to encourage community service and to reforest the living environment. Abstrak Air sangat dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan manusia. Ketersediaan air yang layak dan aman sangat diperlukan oleh masyarakat untuk keperluan minum, pengolahan makanan dan kebutuhan sehari-hari agar dapat terhindar dari penyakit yang ditularkan melalui air. Penelitian ini menganalisis peranan faktor rumah tangga (komposisional) dan faktor desa/kelurahan (kontekstual) terhadap kondisi air minum sumur gali di Indonesia. Analisis menggunakan data integrasi Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 - Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) Maret 2018 dan Potensi Desa (Podes) 2018. Ketiga survei tersebut menggunakan rancangan potong lintang. Analisis menggunakan pemodelan multilevel logistic regression dengan program STATA. Sampel diambil dari rumah tangga yang menggunakan sumur gali pada 12.259 desa/kelurahan di Indonesia. Dari hasil diketahui bahwa 76,5% rumah tangga menggunakan sarana air minum dasar, dengan 54% kondisinya tidak baik. Besar peran tingkat rumah tangga (level 1) dan desa/kelurahan (level 2) hampir sama besar yaitu 50,13% dan 49,87%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan faktor rumah tangga dan desa dalam menjelaskan kondisi air minum dari sumur gali di Indonesia. Untuk menjaga keberlangsungan sarana air minum sumur gali yang layak dan aman bagi seluruh anggota keluarga, diperlukan penyuluhan lingkungan bagi masyarakat, menggiatkan kerja bakti dan melakukan penghijauan lingkungan tempat tinggal.

Domestic solid waste and livestock waste management are part of 2019-2025 Citarum Watershed Pollution and Degradation Control Action Plan. Domestic and livestock activities in the livestock area in Bandung regency have the potential to cause Citarum river pollution. This analysis aim to know the method of domestic solid waste and livestock waste management in the livestock area of Tarumajaya Village, Kertasari District, Bandung Regency. This research was conducted in 2019, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. The result is some people still manage domestic solid waste by burning or throwing it into the river, and managing livestock waste by throwing it into the river. Alternatives for eco- friendly domestic solid waste management through ‘waste banks’ and livestock waste management with biogas technology, have been known and practiced by some people. The current challenge is to maintain the continuity of the program. It is recommended to the local government, especially the Health Office and Health Center, as well as the Agriculture Office to periodically provide socialization, technical and management training, consultation and monitoring of the environment friendly programs. Keywords: Citarum river, waste bank, biogas ABSTRAK Permasalahan sampah rumah tangga dan limbah peternakan merupakan bagian dari Rencana Aksi Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Daerah Aliran Sungai Citarum 2019-2025. Aktivitas domestik dan peternakan di kawasan peternakan Kabupaten Bandung ditengarai memiliki potensi penyebab pencemaran Sungai Citarum. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dan limbah ternak di kawasan peternakan Desa Tarumajaya, Kecamatan Kertasari, Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan tahun 2019, dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan didukung pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan sebagian masyarakat masih mengelola sampah rumah tangga dengan cara dibakar atau dibuang ke sungai, dan mengelola limbah ternak dengan cara membuang ke sungai. Alternatif pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga yang ramah lingkungan melalui bank sampah dan pengelolaan limbah ternak dengan teknologi biogas, telah dikenal dan dipraktekkan sebagian masyarakat. Tantangan saat ini adalah menjaga kontinuitas program tersebut. Disarankan kepada pemerintah daerah khususnya Dinas Kesehatan dan jajarannya, serta Dinas Pertanian secara periodik memberikan sosialisasi, pelatihan teknis dan manajemen, konsultasi dan monitoring program ramah lingkungan tersebut. Kata kunci: Sungai Citarum, bank sampah, biogas

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people's behavior including shopping behavior. The most important things highlighted in food buying behavior include food safety and the implementation of health measures to minimize the COVID-19 transmission. This study aims to identify the description of food hygiene and sanitation practices (HSP) for food handlers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted in the Greater Jakarta area (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi) in the first week of May 2020. Data collection was carried out online. The sample in this study was 189 food handlers. The variables analyzed included the HSP practices of food handlers, socio-demography, knowledge proxies, perceptions, and sources of information related to COVID-19. The results of the analysis showed that insufficient practice of HSP reached 49.7%. Factors related to the HSP practice are the provision of handwashing using soap facilities for food buyers/delivery (OR=2.4 95% CI 1.01-5.7) and the provision of medical tests for the worker (OR=2.61 95% CI 1.27-5.37). This study depicts the HSP’s practice of food handlers at the beginning of the pandemic in Jabodetabek is still lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the promotion and priority of supervision on the HSP practice of food handlers in an integrated manner from across sectors. Strengthened coaching may lead to better HSP practices for food handlers. Keywords: Food sanitation, food hygiene, food safety, food purchasing, food handler ABSTRAK Pandemi COVID-19 telah mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat termasuk perilaku berbelanja. Hal terpenting yang menjadi sorotan dalam perilaku penjualan makanan antara lain aspek keamanan pangan dan pelaksanaan protokol kesehatan untuk menekan penyebaran COVID-19. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran praktik higiene sanitasi (HSP) pangan penjamah makanan dalam penjualan makanan di masa pandemi COVID-19. Studi ini merupakan studi observasional dengan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan di area Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang dan Bekasi) pada minggu pertama bulan Mei 2020. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 189 penjual makanan. Variabel yang dianalisis antara lain meliputi praktik HSP penjual makanan, sosio-demografi, proksi pengetahuan, persepsi, dan sumber informasi terkait COVID-19. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa praktik HSP dengan kategori kurang mencapai 49,7%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik HSP dari penjual makanan adalah penyediaan sarana CTPS bagi pembeli/pengantar makanan (OR=2,4 95% CI 1,01-5,7) dan penyediaan tes kesehatan selama bekerja (OR=2,61 95% CI 1,27-5,37). Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa gambaran praktik higiene sanitasi pangan penjual pada awal masa pandemi di Jabodetabek masih kurang. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penguatan promosi dan prioritas pengawasan pada praktik HSP penjual makanan secara terpadu dari lintas sektor. Penguatan pembinaan dapat meningkatkan praktik HSP penjual yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: Sanitasi pangan, higiene pangan, keamanan pangan, pembelian makanan, penjamah makanan

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract which is characterized by diarrhea or vomiting. One of the causes is the consumption of unhygienic food. This study aims to determine the incidence of gastroenteritis in elementary students in Beji Timur Village, Depok City and its determinant factors. The study design was cross-sectional. The data collected included the incidence of gastroenteritis obtained by interviewing 120 students from two elementary schools, the content of Salmonella sp. bacteria in 46 types of school snacks (PJAS), students' hygienic behavior and PJAS handlers / sellers. The results showed that 11.5% of students experienced gastroenteritis and 4% of PJAS contained Salmonella sp.. Bivariate analysis of several risk factor variables showed contamination of Salmonella sp bacteria in snack foods had the highest risk of gastroenteritis in elementary students (OR 7.86 ; 95% CI: 2.07–29.86). It is recommended to improve supervision of PJAS and its handlers / sellers, and improve the public health promotion efforts, especially the habit of washing hands using soap and running water before consuming food or after defecation. Keywords : Gastroenteritis, elementary students,kids school snack ABSTRAK Gastroenteritis adalah radang selaput lendir saluran pencernaan yang ditandai dengan diare atau muntah. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah konsumsi pangan yang tidak higienis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian gastroenteritis pada siswa sekolah dasar (SD) di Kelurahan Beji Timur, Kota Depok dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Disain penelitian adalah cross-sectional. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi kejadian gastroenteritis yang diperoleh dengan wawancara terhadap 120 siswa dari dua SD, kandungan bakteri Salmonella sp dalam 46 jenis pangan jajanan anak sekolah (PJAS), perilaku higienis siswa maupun penjamah/penjual PJAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 11,5% siswa yang mengalami kejadian gastroenteritis, dan 4% PJAS mengandung Salmonella sp. Analisis bivariat terhadap beberapa variabel faktor risiko menunjukkan kontaminasi bakteri Salmonella sp dalam makanan jajanan memiliki risiko terhadap kejadian gastroenteritis pada siswa SD (OR 7,86 ; 95% CI: 2,07–29,86). Disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap PJAS maupun penjamah/ penjualnya, dan meningkatkan upaya promosi kesehatan siswa khususnya kebiasaan cuci tangan memakai sabun dan air mengalir sebelum mengkonsumsi makanan maupun sesudah BAB. Kata kunci : Gastroenteritis, siswa SD, pangan jajanan anak sekolah

The Impact of Climate Change to Dust PM10 Concentration on the Transportation, Industrial and Rural Area.Potential sources of dust pollution are common of three major factors (traffic flows, climate variability, land use change) influencing the inter annual variability and long trends of dust pollution. Study was conducted about PM10 pollution in ambient air at traffic loaded, industries and rural in year 2005. The aim of the study was want to know the impact of climate to decrease PM10. The design of study was crosssectional and the gravimetric analysis of PM10 on the environmental laboratory of physical and chemical, health, Centre of Ecology and Health Status Research and Development, NIHRD. The result show the average precentage of impact of climate change to PM10 concentration on transportation, industrial and rural area eachs was 29.9%, 22.2%, and 17.3%. The statistical analysis showed the average of ± standard deviation (SD) concentration from 15 samples was 77.5 ± 23.8 ug/m3 and significantly (95% CI) p value was 0.025 (3.17-44.4). If the comparation of national standard the result of the measurement was not meet standard, however with international standard was meet, especially the European standard.Keywords: Air pollution, PM10, climate change