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The etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are not fully understood so far. Therefore, IBD still remains incurable despite the fact that significant progress has been achieved in recent years in its treatment with innovative medicine. About 20 years ago, selective granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA) was invented in Japan and later approved by the Japanese health authority for IBD treatment. From then on this technique was extensively used for IBD patients in Japan and later in Europe. Clinical trials from Japan and European countries have verified the effectiveness and safety of GMA therapy in patients with IBD. In 2013, GMA therapy was approved by China State Food and Drug Administration for therapeutic use for the Chinese IBD patients. However, GMA therapy has not been extensively used in China, although a few clinical studies also showed that it was effective in clinical and endoscopic induction of remission in Chinese IBD patients with a high safety profile. This article reviews past history, present clinical application as well as the future prospective of GMA therapy for patients with IBD., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: As a radical treatment, breast cancer surgery has a positive psychological impact on most patients. However, some patients do not have a clear understanding of the disease, which requires a more scientific and comprehensive consideration during clinical intervention and are based on cognition. The positive behavior management model is based on this kind of background-derived new interventions, which can better serve the clinical rehabilitation process of patients. The positive behavior management model based on cognitive architecture is a new type of intervention derived from this background, which can better serve the clinical rehabilitation process of patients., Aim: To analyze the influence of a positive behavior management model based on cognitive framework on the degree of hope and self-efficacy of patients with breast cancer surgery., Methods: Eighty-four patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from August 2016 to December 2018 were included in the study. The patients were divided into the experimental group ( n = 42) and control group ( n = 42) by random number table grouping. The control group received traditional nursing intervention, while the experimental group received a positive behavior management model based on cognitive framework based on the traditional intervention of the control group. General Self-efficacy Scale, Herth Hope Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale and Cancer Patient Specific Scale were used to evaluate the two groups before and 1 wk after intervention., Results: After the intervention, self-efficacy and hope level of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05). The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the quality of life scores between the two groups before intervention ( P > 0.05). The quality of life scores in all aspects in the experimental group after intervention were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The positive behavior management model based on cognitive framework applied to patients with breast cancer surgery improved hope for treatment and self-efficacy, reduced negative emotion, and improved quality of life., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To evaluate the predictive value of the expression of chromosomal maintenance (CRM)1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)5 in gastric cancer (GC) patients after gastrectomy., Methods: A total of 240 GC patients who received standard gastrectomy were enrolled in the study. The expression level of CRM1 and CDK5 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlations between CRM1 and CDK5 expression and clinicopathological factors were explored. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were used to identify prognostic factors for GC. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the accuracy of the prediction of clinical outcome by the parameters., Results: The expression of CRM1 was significantly related to size of primary tumor ( P = 0.005), Borrmann type ( P = 0.006), degree of differentiation ( P = 0.004), depth of invasion ( P = 0.008), lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.013), TNM stage ( P = 0.002) and distant metastasis ( P = 0.015). The expression of CDK5 was significantly related to sex ( P = 0.048) and Lauren's classification ( P = 0.011). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that CRM1 and CDK5 co-expression status was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of patients with GC. Integration of CRM1 and CDK5 expression could provide additional prognostic value for OS compared with CRM1 or CDK5 expression alone ( P = 0.001)., Conclusion: CRM1 and CDK5 co-expression was an independent prognostic factors for GC. Combined CRM1 and CDK5 expression could provide a prognostic model for OS of GC., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that no conflict of interest exists.

Aim: To investigate potential effects of poly I:C on mucosal injury and epithelial barrier disruption in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis., Methods: Thirty C57BL/6 mice were given either regular drinking water (control group) or 2% (w/v) DSS drinking water (model and poly I:C groups) ad libitum for 7 d. Poly I:C was administrated subcutaneously (20 μg/mouse) 2 h prior to DSS induction in mice of the poly I:C group. Severity of colitis was evaluated by disease activity index, body weight, colon length, histology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Intestinal permeability was analyzed by the fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled-dextran (FITC-D) method. Ultrastructural features of the colon tissue were observed under electron microscopy. Expressions of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including zo-1, occludin and claudin-1, were measured by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)., Results: DSS caused significant damage to the colon tissue in the model group. Administration of poly I:C dramatically protected against DSS-induced colitis, as demonstrated by less body weight loss, lower disease activity index score, longer colon length, colonic MPO activity, and improved macroscopic and histological scores. It also ameliorated DSS-induced ultrastructural changes of the colon epithelium, as observed under scanning electron microscopy, as well as FITC-D permeability. The mRNA and protein expressions of TJ protein, zo-1, occludin and claudin-1 were also found to be significantly enhanced in the poly I:C group, as determined by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT-qPCR. By contrast, poly I:C pretreatment markedly reversed the DSS-induced up-regulated expressions of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-17 and IFN-γ., Conclusion: Our study suggested that poly I:C may protect against DSS-induced colitis through maintaining integrity of the epithelial barrier and regulating innate immune responses, which may shed light on the therapeutic potential of poly I:C in human colitis., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.