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Types and additional material of the species of the Aleochara subgenus Ceranota Stephens, 1839 are revised. In all, 30 species are recognised, including four species of doubtful status, whose type material is either lost or inaccessible, or whose male sexual characters are unknown. The known distribution of the subgenus is confined to the Western Palaearctic region, eastwards to Afghanistan. Diagnoses of the subgenus, as well as of the individual species are provided. The following synonymies are proposed: Aleochara penicillata Peyerimhoff, 1901 = A. caprae Gridelli, 1922, syn. n. = A. meschniggi Bernhauer, 1943, syn. n.; A. strasseri Bernhauer, 1901 = A. matzenaueri Rambousek, 1907, syn. n. Aleochara conviva Eppelsheim, 1878, previously a synonym of A. lurida Motschulsky, 1860, and A. consors Eppelsheim, 1890, previously a synonym of A. adusta Eppelsheim, 1890, are revalidated. Aleochara tuberiventris Kraatz, 1859 is excluded from the subgenus. Neotypes are designated for Aleochara ruficornis Gravenhorst, 1802, A. erythroptera Gravenhorst, 1806, A. major Fairmaire, 1858, A. caprae Gridelli, 1922, and A. matzenaueri Rambousek, 1907. Lectotypes are designated for Aleochara diversicollis Fauvel, 1900, A. melichari (Reitter, 1889), A. meschniggi Bernhauer, 1943, A. opacina Fauvel, 1900, A. adusta Eppelsheim, 1890, A. consors Eppelsheim, 1890, and A. libanica Eppelsheim, 1889. Four species are described and illustrated for the first time: Aleochara (Ceranota) virilis sp. n. (Russia: Adygeya), A. (C.) claviculata sp. n. (NE-Turkey), A. (C.) sarica sp. n. (Iran: Mazandaran), and A. (C.) feldmanni sp. n. (Afghanistan). Zoogeographic and bionomic data are compiled. Additional records of Ceranota species are reported, among them numerous new country records. The distributions of eight species are mapped. A key to species and a catalogue are provided. Keywords Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Aleochara, Ceranota, Palaearctic region, taxonomy, new species, revalidation, new synonymies, descriptions, redescriptions, neotype designations, lectotype designations, distribution, new records. Nomenclatural Acts lurida Motschulsky, 1860 (Aleochara), Lectotype now a synonym of Aleochara (Ceranota) subtumida (Hochhuth, 1849) tuberiventris Kraatz, 1859 (Aleochara), Lectotype; stat. rev. excluded from the subgenus Ceranota adusta Eppelsheim, 1890 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Lectotype caprae Gridelli, 1922 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Neotype; syn. n. of Aleochara (Ceranota) penicillata Peyerimhoff, 1901 claviculata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), spec. n. consors Eppelsheim, 1890 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Lectotype; stat. rev. hitherto ba synonym of Aleochara (Ceranota) adusta Eppelsheim, 1890 conviva Eppelsheim, 1878 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), stat. rev. hitherto a synonym of Aleochara (Ceranota) lurida Motschulsky, 1860 diversicollis Fauvel, 1900 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Lectotype erythroptera Gravenhorst, 1806 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Neotype feldmanni Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), spec. n. libanica Eppelsheim, 1889 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Lectotype major Fairmaire, 1858 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Neotype matzenaueri Rambousek, 1907 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Neotype; syn. n. of Aleochara (Ceranota) strasseri Bernhauer, 1901 melichari (Reitter, 1889) (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Lectotype described as Ceranota melichari meschniggi Bernhauer, 1943 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Lectotype; syn. n. of Aleochara (Ceranota) penicillata Peyerimhoff, 1901 opacina Fauvel, 1900 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Lectotype ruficornis Gravenhorst, 1802 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), Neotype sarica Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), spec. n. virilis Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Ceranota)), spec. n., Contributions to Entomology = Beiträge zur Entomologie, Bd. 59 Nr. 2 (2009)

Based on a study of types and additional material of Palaearctic Aleochara species currently attributed to the subgenera Xenochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874 and Rheochara Mulsant & Rey, 1875, four species groups are established: the A. cuniculorum group, the A. parvicornis group, the A. laevigata group, and the A. maculata group. Twenty-five species are (re-)described and illustrated, ten of them new to science: Aleochara (Xenochara) gontarenkoi sp. n. (Ukraine, Turkey) and A. (X.) utriculata sp. n. (Mongolia) of the A. cuniculorum group; A. (X.) suslica sp. n. (Ukraine) of the A. parvicornis group; A. (X.) grandeguttata sp. n. (Turkey, Armenia, Hungary), A. (X.) brevilaminata sp. n. (Middle Asia), and A. (X.) falcata sp. n. (Russia) of the A. laevigata group; A. (X.) cristata sp. n. (Western Mediterranean) and A. (X.) hamulata sp. n. (Eastern Mediterranean) of the A. maculata group; A. (X.) himalayanae sp. n. (China: Gansu, Qinghai) and A. (X.) digitulata sp. n. (China: Gansu) of the A. sparsa group. The external and sexual characters of several additional species are illustrated. The following synonymies are proposed: Xenochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874 = Dyschara Mulsant & Rey, 1874, syn. n., = Ophiochara Bernhauer, 1901, syn. n., = Euryodma Reitter, 1909, syn. n.; Aleochara cuniculorum Kraatz, 1858 = A. peusi Wagner, 1949, syn. n.; A. parvicornis Fauvel, 1900 = A. bobaci Krása, 1933, syn. n., = A. gracilis Likovský, 1965, syn. n., preoccupied. Three names are revalidated: A. dalila Likovský, 1984 (previously a synonym of A. peusi); A. lonae Gridelli, 1924 (previously a synonym of A. laevigata Gyllenhal, 1810); A. accepta Likovský, 1972 (previously a synonym of A. signata (Sahlberg, 1876)). Lectotypes are designated for A. cuniculorum Kraatz, 1858, A. breiti Ganglbauer, 1897, A. bisignata Erichson, 1837, A. cornuta Fauvel, 1886, A. peeziana Lohse, 1961, A. tenuicornis Kraatz, 1856, and A. pernigra Schubert, 1906. Additional records of Aleochara species are reported from the Palaearctic region, among them numerous new country records. The distributions of fourteen species are mapped. Keywords Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Aleochara, Xenochara, Rheochara, Palaearctic region, taxonomy, new species, new synonymies, revalidations, lectotype designations, distribution, ecology. Nomenclatural Acts Dyschara Mulsant & Rey, 1874 (Aleochara), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) Mulsant & Rey, 1874 Euryodma Reitter, 1909 (Aleochara), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) Mulsant & Rey, 1874 Ophiochara Bernhauer, 1901 (Aleochara), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) Mulsant & Rey, 1874 gracilis Likovský, 1965 (Aleochara (Isochara)), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) parvicornis Fauvel, 1900 gridellii Bernhauer, 1936 (Aleochara (Polychara)), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) lonae Gridelli, 1924 peusi Wagner, 1949 (Aleochara (Polychara)), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) cuniculorum Kraatz, 1858 bobaci Krása, 1933 (Aleochara (Rheochara)), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) parvicornis Fauvel, 1900 accepta Likovský, 1972 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), stat. rev. hitherto a synonym of Aleochara signata (J. Sahlberg, 1876) breiti Ganglbauer, 1897 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara (Polychara) breiti brevilaminata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n. cornuta Fauvel, 1886 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara cornuta cristata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n. cuniculorum Kraatz, 1858 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype dalila Likovský, 1984 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), stat. rev. hitherto a synonym of Aleochara (Polychara) peusi Wagner, 1949 digitulata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n. falcata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n. gontarenkoi Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n. grandeguttata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n. hamulata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n. himalayanae Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n. laevigata Gyllenhal, 1810 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara laevigata lonae Gridelli, 1924 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), stat. rev. described as Aleochara laevigata lonae peeziana Lohse, 1961 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara peeziana pernigra Schubert, 1906 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara pernigra suslica Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n. tenuicornis Kraatz, 1856 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara tenuicornis utriculata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n., Contributions to Entomology = Beiträge zur Entomologie, Bd. 59 Nr. 1 (2009)

Nomenclatural Acts pauxilla Mulsant & Rey, 1874 (Aleochara), syn. n. of Aleochara verna Say, 1836 [correction to 51(1): 228], Contributions to Entomology = Beiträge zur Entomologie, Bd. 51 Nr. 2 (2001)

The identity and taxonomic status of Aleochara pauxilla (Mulsant & Rey, 1874) are investigated based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data (COI/II and 18S rRNA genes). A. pauxilla (Mulsant & Rey, 1874) is finally recognised as a junior synonym of A. verna, A. pauxilla auct. nec Mulsant & Rey as conspecific with A. binotata. A lectotype of A. pauxilla is designated. Keywords Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Aleochara, Coprochara, taxonomy, molecular systematics, COI/II, 18S rRNA. Nomenclatural Acts pauxilla Mulsant & Rey, 1874 (Baryodma), Lectotype; syn. n. of Aleochara verna Sharp, 1836, Contributions to Entomology = Beiträge zur Entomologie, Bd. 51 Nr. 1 (2001)

Aleochara (Coprochara) klimaszewskii sp. n. from Yemen, A. (C.) fuldneriana sp. n. from Tadjikistan, A. (C.) eicasta sp. n. from the Caucasus, and A. (C.) peschkeana sp. n. from Colombia are described. Diagnoses are given to distinguish these specimens from other Coprochara species occurring in the respective regions. Keywords Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Aleochara, Coprochara, new species, taxonomy. Nomenclatural Acts eicasta Maus, 1999 (Aleochara (Coprochara)), spec. n. fuldneriana Maus, 1999 (Aleochara (Coprochara)), spec. n. klimaszewskii Maus, 1999 (Aleochara (Coprochara)), spec. n. peschkeana Maus, 1999 (Aleochara (Coprochara)), spec. n., Contributions to Entomology = Beiträge zur Entomologie, Bd. 49 Nr. 2 (1999)