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Aim: To Discover novel PTP1B inhibitors by high-throughput virtual screening Background: Type 2 Diabetes is a significant global health concern. According to projections, the estimated number of individuals affected by the condition will reach 578 million by the year 2030 and is expected to further increase to 700 million deaths by 2045. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B is an enzymatic protein that has a negative regulatory effect on the pathways involved in insulin signaling. This regulatory action ultimately results in the development of insulin resistance and the subsequent elevation of glucose levels in the bloodstream. The proper functioning of insulin signaling is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis, whereas the disruption of insulin signaling can result in the development of type 2 diabetes. Consequently, we sought to utilize PTP1B as a drug target in this investigation., Objective: The purpose of our study was to identify novel PTP1B inhibitors as a potential treatment for managing type 2 diabetes., Methods: To discover potent PTP1B inhibitors, we have screened the Maybridge HitDiscover database by SBVS. Top hits have been passed based on various drug-likeness rules, toxicity predictions, ADME assessment, Consensus Molecular docking, DFT, and 300 ns MD Simulations., Results: Two compounds have been identified with strong binding affinity at the active site of PTP1B along with drug-like properties, efficient ADME, low toxicity, and high stability., Conclusion: The identified molecules could potentially manage T2DM effectively by inhibiting PTP1B, providing a promising avenue for therapeutic strategies., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a significant tool in the realm of vaccinology, offering novel approaches to vaccine development. This study investigates the potential of miRNAs in the development of advanced vaccines, with an emphasis on how they regulate immune response and control viral replication. We go over the molecular features of miRNAs, such as their capacity to direct post-transcriptional regulation toward mRNAs, hence regulating the expression of genes in diverse tissues and cells. This property is harnessed to develop live attenuated vaccines that are tissue-specific, enhancing safety and immunogenicity. The review highlights recent advancements in using miRNA-targeted vaccines against viruses like influenza, poliovirus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus, demonstrating their attenuated replication in specific tissues while retaining immunogenicity. We also explored the function of miRNAs in the biology of cancer, highlighting their potential to develop cancer vaccines through targeting miRNAs that are overexpressed in tumor cells. The difficulties in developing miRNA vaccines are also covered in this work, including delivery, stability, off-target effects, and the requirement for individualized cancer treatment plans. We wrap off by discussing the potential of miRNA vaccines and highlighting how they will influence the development of vaccination techniques for cancer and infectious diseases in the future., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Glucose monitoring is essential for managing diabetes, and continuous glucose monitoring biosensors can offer real-time monitoring with little invasiveness. However, challenges remain in improving sensor accuracy, selectivity, and overall performance. This article aims to review current trends and recent advancements in glucose-monitoring biosensors while evaluating their benefits and limitations for diabetes monitoring. An analysis of current literature on transdermal glucose sensors was conducted, focusing on detection techniques, novel nanomaterials, and integrated sensor systems. Recent research has led to advancements in electrochemical, optical, electromagnetic, and sonochemical sensors for transdermal glucose detection. The use of novel nanomaterials and integrated sensor designs has improved sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy. However, issues like calibration requirements, motion artifacts, and skin irritation persist. Transdermal glucose sensors show promise for non-invasive, convenient diabetes monitoring but require further enhancements to address limitations in accuracy, reliability, and biocompatibility. Continued research and innovation focusing on sensor materials, designs, and surface chemistry is needed to optimize biosensor performance and utility. The study offers a comprehensive analysis of the present status of technological advancement and highlights areas that need more research., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)