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Abstract: Molecular pharmaceutics play a critical role in the drug delivery system, representing the direct interconnection of drug bioavailability with its molecular form. There is a diversity in the molecular structures by which it affects its properties, such as amorphous form, crystalline form, partialamorphous molecular dispersion, and disordered state. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the excipients utilized in the formulation process contain various divergent modes used in the formulation process. They include better formulations of any type to obtain good quality pharmaceutical products. This review reveals how the molecular states affect the API and are important in maintaining the quality of dosage forms. Furthermore, the physio-chemical properties of the components and various pharmaceutical approaches employed in the formulation of dosage forms are studied from the point of view of molecular pharmaceutics.

Abstract: Cancer is characterized by disrupted molecular variables caused by cells that deviate from regular signal transduction. The uncontrolled segment of such cancerous cells annihilates most of the tissues that contact them. Gene therapy, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology advancements have resulted in novel strategies for anticancer drug delivery. Furthermore, diverse dispersion of nanoparticles in normal stroma cells adversely affects the healthy cells and disrupts the crosstalk of tumour stroma. It can contribute to cancer cell progression inhibition and, conversely, to acquired resistance, enabling cancer cell metastasis and proliferation. The tumour's microenvironment is critical in controlling the dispersion and physiological activities of nano-chemotherapeutics which is one of the targeted drug therapy. As it is one of the methods of treating cancer that involves the use of medications or other substances to specifically target and kill off certain subsets of malignant cells. A targeted therapy may be administered alone or in addition to more conventional methods of care like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment. The tumour microenvironment, stromatogenesis, barriers and advancement in the drug delivery system across tumour tissue are summarised in this review.

Abstract: Nanocapsules are polymeric nanoparticles encased in a polymeric coating composed of a predominantly non-ionic surfactant, macromolecules, phospholipids, and an oil core. Lipophilic drugs have been entrapped using various nanocarriers, including lipid cores, likely lipid nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, and others. A phase inversion temperature approach is used to create lipid nanocapsules. The PEG (polyethyleneglycol) is primarily utilised to produce nanocapsules and is a critical parameter influencing capsule residence time. With their broad drug-loading features, lipid nanocapsules have a distinct advantage in drug delivery systems, such as the capacity to encapsulate hydrophilic or lipophilic pharmaceuticals. Lipid nanocapsules, as detailed in this review, are surface modified, contain target-specific patterns, and have stable physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, lipid nanocapsules have target-specific delivery and are commonly employed as a marker in the diagnosis of numerous illnesses. This review focuses on nanocapsule synthesis, characterisation, and application, which will help understand the unique features of nanocapsules and their application in drug delivery systems.

At present, skin cancer is considered a widespread malignancy in human beings. Among diverse population types, Caucasian populations are much more prone to this malignancy in comparison to darker skin populations due to the lack of skin pigmentation. Skin cancer is divided into malignant and non-melanoma skin cancer, which is further categorized as basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation, chemical carcinogen (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, tar, etc.), and viruses (herpes virus, human papillomavirus, and human T-cell leukemia virus type-1) are major contributing factors to skin cancer. There are distinct pathways available through which skin cancer develops, such as the JAK-STAT pathway, Akt pathway, MAPKs signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, to name a few. Currently, several targeted treatments are available, such as monoclonal antibodies, which have dramatically changed the line of treatment of this disease but possess major therapeutic limitations. Thus, many phytochemicals have been evaluated either alone or in combination with the existing synthetic drugs to overcome their limitations and have been found to play a promising role in the prevention and treatment. In this review, a complete overview of skin cancer, starting from the signaling pathways involved, newer developed drugs with their targets and limitations, along with the emerging role of natural products alone or in combination as potent anticancer agents and their molecular mechanism involved has been discussed. Apart from this, various nano-cargos have also been mentioned here, which can play a significant role in the management and treatment of different types of skin cancer.