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Background: Plant calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) proteins play important roles in hormone signal transduction, developmental regulation, and environmental stress tolerance. However, in wheat, the CAMTA gene family has not been systematically characterized. Results: In this work, 15 wheat CAMTA genes were identified using a genome-wide search method. Their chromosome location, physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, gene structure, protein domain, and promoter cis-elements were systematically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis classified the TaCAMTA genes into three groups (groups A, B, and C), numbered 7, 6, and 2, respectively. The results showed that most TaCAMTA genes contained stress-related cis-elements. Finally, to obtain tissue-specific and stress-responsive candidates, the expression profiles of the TaCAMTAs in various tissues and under biotic and abiotic stresses were investigated. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that all of the 15 TaCAMTA genes were expressed in multiple tissues with different expression levels, as well as under abiotic stress, the expressions of each TaCAMTA gene could respond to at least one abiotic stress. It also found that 584 genes in wheat genome were predicted to be potential target genes by CAMTA, demonstrating that CAMTA can be widely involved in plant development and growth, as well as coping with stresses. Conclusions: This work systematically identified the CAMTA gene family in wheat at the whole-genome-wide level, providing important candidates for further functional analysis in developmental regulation and the stress response in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown and beige adipocytes are mainly responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis or heat production, despite the fact that they have distinguished features in distribution, developmental origin, and functional activation. As a nutrient sensor and critical regulator of energy metabolism, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) also plays an important role in the development and functional maintenance of adipocytes. While the recent studies support the notion that mTOR (mTORC1 and mTORC2) related signaling pathways are of great significance for thermogenesis and the development of brown and beige adipocytes, the exact roles of mTOR in heat production are controversial. The similarities and disparities in terms of thermogenesis might be ascribed to the use of different animal models and experimental systems, distinct features of brown and beige adipocytes, and the complexity of regulatory networks of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in energy metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]