1. Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease and coronavirus disease 2019: clinical relationship and current management.
- Author
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Xu Y, Yang X, Bian H, and Xia M
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 genetics, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 metabolism, COVID-19 pathology, COVID-19 virology, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury drug therapy, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury pathology, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury virology, Cytokines genetics, Cytokines metabolism, Dipeptides therapeutic use, Gene Expression Regulation, Glucose metabolism, Glycyrrhizic Acid therapeutic use, Humans, Hypoxia drug therapy, Hypoxia pathology, Hypoxia virology, Liver drug effects, Liver pathology, Liver virology, Lung drug effects, Lung metabolism, Lung pathology, Lung virology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease drug therapy, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease pathology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease virology, Receptors, Virus genetics, Receptors, Virus metabolism, Severity of Illness Index, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, COVID-19 complications, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury complications, Hypoxia complications, Liver metabolism, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease complications, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity
- Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At present, the COVID-19 has been prevalent worldwide for more than a year and caused more than four million deaths. Liver injury was frequently observed in patients with COVID-19. Recently, a new definition of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed by a panel of international experts, and the relationship between MAFLD and COVID-19 has been actively investigated. Several previous studies indicated that the patients with MAFLD had a higher prevalence of COVID-19 and a tendency to develop severe type of respiratory infection, and others indicated that liver injury would be exacerbated in the patients with MAFLD once infected with COVID-19. The mechanism underlying the relationship between MAFLD and COVID-19 infection has not been thoroughly investigated, and recent studies indicated that multifactorial mechanisms, such as altered host angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expression, direct viral attack, disruption of cholangiocyte function, systemic inflammatory reaction, drug-induced liver injury, hepatic ischemic and hypoxic injury, and MAFLD-related glucose and lipid metabolic disorders, might jointly contribute to both of the adverse hepatic and respiratory outcomes. In this review, we discussed the relationship between MAFLD and COVID-19 based on current available literature, and summarized the recommendations for clinical management of MAFLD patients during the pandemic of COVID-19., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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