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Background There is a strong policy impetus for the One Health cross-sectoral approach to address the complex challenge of zoonotic diseases, particularly in low/lower middle income countries (LMICs). Yet the implementation of this approach in LMIC contexts such as India has proven challenging, due partly to the relatively limited practical guidance and understanding on how to foster and sustain cross-sector collaborations. This study addresses this gap by exploring the facilitators of and barriers to successful convergence between the human, animal and environmental health sectors in India. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted using a detailed content review of national policy documents and in-depth semi-structured interview data on zoonotic disease management in India. In total, 29 policy documents were reviewed and 15 key informant interviews were undertaken with national and state level policymakers, disease managers and experts operating within the human-animal-environment interface of zoonotic disease control. Results Our findings suggest that there is limited policy visibility of zoonotic diseases, although global zoonoses, especially those identified to be of pandemic potential by international organisations (e.g. CDC, WHO and OIE) rather than local, high burden endemic diseases, have high recognition in the existing policy agenda setting. Despite the widespread acknowledgement of the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration, a myriad of factors operated to either constrain or facilitate the success of cross-sectoral convergence at different stages (i.e. information-sharing, undertaking common activities and merging resources and infrastructure) of cross-sectoral action. Importantly, participants identified the lack of supportive policies, conflicting departmental priorities and limited institutional capacities as major barriers that hamper effective cross-sectoral collaboration on zoonotic disease control. Building on existing informal inter-personal relationships and collaboration platforms were suggested by participants as the way forward. Conclusion Our findings point to the importance of strengthening existing national policy frameworks as a first step for leveraging cross-sectoral capacity for improved disease surveillance and interventions. This requires the contextual adaptation of the One Health approach in a manner that is sensitive to the underlying socio-political, institutional and cultural context that determines and shapes outcomes of cross-sector collaborative arrangements.

In composing multi-thematic questionnaires for the Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS), we faced a range of challenges, for which we found limited guidance in the literature. LOFUS is a household-based population study covering multiple medical and social research areas and targeting the mixed rural-provincial population of 103,000 persons on the Danish islands Lolland and Falster. Households were randomly selected for invitation. In this paper, we describe and discuss challenges in developing the questionnaires related to stakeholders, content of the questionnaire, and the process itself. The development process was characterised by loops of learning and can be described as an iterative and incremental process. We propose recommendations to researchers and administrators involved in similar development processes, including awareness of the non-linearity and complexity of the process, a need for negotiations and navigation among multiple stakeholders, and acknowledgement of pragmatism as an inherent part of decisions made in the process.

Background NICE guidelines for the management of emotional concerns in primary care emphasise the importance of communication and a trusting relationship, which is difficult to operationalise in practice. Current pressures in the NHS mean that it is important to understand care from a patient perspective. This study aimed to explore patients’ experiences of primary care consultations for emotional concerns and what patients valued when seeking care from their GP. Methods Eighteen adults with experience of consulting a GP for emotional concerns participated in 4 focus groups. Data were analysed thematically. Results (1) Doctor as Drug: Patients’ relationship with their GP was considered therapeutic with continuity particularly valued. (2) Doctor as Detective and Validator: Patients were often puzzled by their symptoms, not recognising their emotional concerns. GPs needed to play the role of detective by exploring not just symptoms, but the person and their life circumstances. GPs were crucial in helping patients understand and validate their emotional concerns. (3) Doctor as Collaborator: Patients prefer a collaborative partnership, but often need to relinquish involvement because they are too unwell, or take a more active role because they feel GPs are ill-equipped or under too much pressure to help. Patients valued: GPs booking their follow up appointments; acknowledgement of stressful life circumstances; not relying solely on medication. Conclusions Seeking help for emotional concerns is challenging due to stigma and unfamiliar symptoms. GPs can support disclosure and understanding of emotional concerns by fully exploring and validating patients’ concerns, taking into account patients’ life contexts. This process of exploration and validation forms the foundation of a curative, trusting GP-patient relationship. A trusting relationship, with an emphasis on empathy and understanding, can make patients more able to share involvement in their care with GPs. This process is cyclical, as patients feel that their GP is caring, interested, and treating them as a person, further strengthening their relationship. NICE guidance should acknowledge the importance of empathy and validation when building an effective GP-patient partnership, and the role this has in supporting patients’ involvement in their care.

Contributing reviewers The editors of Microbiome would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in 2015.

PubMed: 27480419 [No abstract available]

It has been shown that exergames have multiple benefits for physical, mental and cognitive health. Only recently, however, researchers have started considering them as health monitoring tools, through collection and analysis of game metrics data. In light of this and initiatives like the Quantified Self, there is an emerging need to open the data produced by health games and their associated metrics in order for them to be evaluated by the research community in an attempt to quantify their potential health, cognitive and physiological benefits.We have developed an ontology that describes exergames using the Web Ontology Language (OWL); it is available at http://purl.org/net/exergame/ns#. After an investigation of key components of exergames, relevant ontologies were incorporated, while necessary classes and properties were defined to model these components. A JavaScript framework was also developed in order to apply the ontology to online exergames. Finally, a SPARQL Endpoint is provided to enable open data access to potential clients through the web.Exergame components include details for players, game sessions, as well as, data produced during these game-playing sessions. The description of the game includes elements such as goals, game controllers and presentation hardware used; what is more, concepts from already existing ontologies are reused/repurposed. Game sessions include information related to the player, the date and venue where the game was played, as well as, the results/scores that were produced/achieved. These games are subsequently played by 14 users in multiple game sessions and the results derived from these sessions are published in a triplestore as open data.We model concepts related to exergames by providing a standardized structure for reference and comparison. This is the first work that publishes data from actual exergame sessions on the web, facilitating the integration and analysis of the data, while allowing open data access through the web in an effort to enable the concept of Open Trials for Active and Healthy Ageing.

The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Research Design Service (RDS) for Yorkshire and Humber has been running a public involvement funding scheme since 2008. This scheme awards researchers a small amount of money to help them get involvement from patients and/or the public. Involvement activities take place at the time when researchers are planning studies, and when they are completing application forms to request funding for a proposed research project. After the public involvement activities researchers are asked to write a report for the RDS describing what they did with the public involvement funding. This study analysed those reports using an approach which included members of a public involvement panel in the data analysis process. The aim of the work was to see what the views and experiences of researchers who received funding were, and what might be learned for the future of the scheme. Twenty five reports were analysed. Four main themes were identified, these described: the added value of public involvement; aspects to consider when planning and designing public involvement; different roles of public contributors; and aspects of valuing public member contributions. The group approach to analysis was successful in enabling involvement of a variety of individuals in the process. The findings of the study provide evidence of the value of public involvement during the development of applications for research funding. The results also indicate that researchers recognise the variety in potential roles for the public in research, and acknowledge how involvement adds value to studies. Background A regional Research Design Service, funded by the National Institute for Health Research, introduced a small grant in 2008, to support public involvement (often known as patient and public involvement [PPI]) activities during the development of applications for research funding. Successful applicants are requested to submit a report detailing how the grant money was used, including a description of the aims and outcomes of the public involvement activities. The purpose of this study was to analyse the content of these reports. We aimed to find out what researcher views and experiences of public involvement activities were, and what lessons might be learned. Methods We used an innovative method of data analysis, drawing on group participatory approaches, qualitative content analysis, and Framework Analysis to sort and label the content of the reports. We developed a framework of categories and sub-categories (or themes and sub-themes) from this process. Results Twenty five documents were analysed. Four main themes were identified in the data: the added value of public involvement; planning and designing involvement; the role of public members; and valuing public member contributions. Within these themes, sub-themes related to the timing of involvement (prior to the research study/intended during the research study), and also specific benefits of public involvement such as: validating ideas; ensuring appropriate outcomes; ensuring the acceptability of data collection methods/tools and advice regarding research processes. Other sub-themes related to: finding and approaching public members; timing of events; training/support; the format of sessions; setting up public involvement panels: use of public contributors in analysis and interpretation of data; and using public members to assist with dissemination and translation into practice. Conclusions The analysis of reports submitted by researchers following involvement events provides evidence of the value of public involvement during the development of applications for research funding, and details a method for involving members of the public in data analysis which could be of value to other researchers The findings of the analysis indicate recognition amongst researchers of the variety in potential roles for public members in research, and also an acknowledgement of how involvement adds value to studies.

Information about drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is crucial for computational applications such as pharmacovigilance and drug repurposing. However, existing sources of DDIs have the problems of low coverage, low accuracy and low agreement. One common type of DDIs is related to the mechanism of drug metabolism: a DDI relation may be caused by different interactions (e.g., substrate, inhibit) between drugs and enzymes in the drug metabolism process. Thus, information from drug enzyme interactions (DEIs) serves as important supportive evidence for DDIs. Further, potential DDIs present implicitly could be detected by inference and reasoning based on DEIs.In this article, we propose a hybrid approach to combining machine learning algorithm with trigger words and syntactic patterns, for DEI relation extraction from biomedical literature. The extracted DEI relations are used for reasoning to infer potential DDI relations, based on a defined drug-enzyme ontology incorporating biological knowledge.Evaluation results demonstrate that the performance of DEI relation extraction is promising, with an F-measure of 84.97% on the in vivo dataset and 65.58% on the in vitro dataset. Further, the inferred DDIs achieved a precision of 83.19% on the in vivo dataset and 70.94% on the in vitro dataset, respectively. A further examination showed that the overlaps between our inferred DDIs and those present in DrugBank were 42.02% on the in vivo dataset and 19.23 % on the in vitro dataset, respectively.This paper proposed an effective approach to extract DEI relations from biomedical literature. Potential DDIs not present in existing knowledge bases were then inferred based on the extracted DEIs, demonstrating the capability of the proposed approach to detect DDIs with scientific evidence for pharmacovigilance and drug repurposing applications.

Contributing reviewers The editors of World Journal of Emergency Surgery would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in volume 10 (2015).

Contributing reviewersThe editor of Basic and Clinical Andrology would like to thank all of our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 25 (2015).

© 2016 Boichard et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Herve Acloque France

© 2016 Marincola. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Reviewer acknowledgement

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Infectious Diseases would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 15 (2015).

© 2016 Samet. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/ zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Contributing reviewers

Contributing reviewers The editors of Infectious Diseases of Poverty would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in volume 4 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Medical Imaging would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 15 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of Eye and Vision would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in volume 2 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Psychiatry would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 15 (2015).

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-02-04. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:22:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-91992016000100701.pdf: 292406 bytes, checksum: 1290baa70e6071f92d045d2ace951d00 (MD5) The Editor of Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases would like to thank all of our reviewers, both external and Editorial Board Members, who have contributed to the journal in Volume 21 (2015) and whose valuable support is fundamental to the success of the journal. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP

Contributing reviewers The editors of Journal of Biomedical Science would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 22 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of Respiratory Research would like to thank all of our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 16 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of Health and Quality of Life Outcomes would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 13 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 13 (2015).

Microbial Cell Factories would like to thank all reviewers who have contributed to the journal in 2015.

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 15 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Palliative Care would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 14 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 16 (2015).

Contributing reviewersThe editors of Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 11 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of Harm Reduction Journal would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 12 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editor of Women’s Midlife Health would like to thank all of the reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 1 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The Editors of Pediatric Rheumatology would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 13 (2015).

BioMedical Engineering OnLine would like to thank all reviewers who have contributed to the journal in 2015.

Contributing reviewers The editors of Conflict and Health would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 9 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The Editors of Molecular Cytogenetics would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in volume 8 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The Journal of Eating Disorders editorial team would like to thank all reviewers who have contributed to the journal in 2015.

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 15 (2015)

Contributing reviewers The editors of Tobacco Induced Diseases would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 13 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editor of DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 23 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Bioinformatics would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 16 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Hematology would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 15 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Nursing would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 14 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The Editors of Journal of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed their time and expertise to the journal in Volume 44 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Dermatology would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed their time to the journal in Volume 15 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Pediatrics would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 15 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 7 (2015).

Contributing reviewers The editors of BMC Surgery would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed their time to the journal in Volume 15 (2015).

Retail drug sellers are a major source of health care and medicines in many countries. In Tanzania, drug shops are widely used, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Previously, the shops were allowed to sell only over-the-counter medicines, but sellers who were untrained and unqualified often illegally sold prescription drugs of questionable quality.In 2003, we worked with Tanzania's Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to develop a public-private partnership based on a holistic approach that builds the capacity of owners, dispensers, and institutions that regulate, own, or work in retail drug shops. For shop owners and dispensers, this was achieved by combining training, business incentives, supervision, and regulatory enforcement with efforts to increase client demand for and expectations of quality products and services. The accredited drug dispensing outlet (ADDO) program's goal is to improve access to affordable, quality medicines and pharmaceutical services in retail drug outlets in rural or peri-urban areas with few or no registered pharmacies. The case study characterizes how the ADDO program achieved that goal based on the World Health Organization's health system strengthening building blocks: 1) service delivery, 2) health workforce, 3) health information systems, 4) access to essential medicines, 5) financing, and 6) leadership and governance.The ADDO program has proven to be scalable, sustainable, and transferable: Tanzania has rolled out the program nationwide; the ADDO program has been institutionalized as part of the country's health system; shops are profitable and meeting consumer demands; and the ADDO model has been adapted and implemented in Uganda and Liberia. The critical element that was essential to the ADDO program's success is stakeholder engagement-the successful buy-in and sustained commitment came directly from the effort, time, and resources spent to fully connect with vital stakeholders at all levels.Beyond improving the quality of medicines and dispensing services, availability of essential medicines, and the regulatory system, the impact of a nationwide accredited drug seller approach on the pharmaceutical sector promises to provide a model framework for private-sector pharmaceutical delivery in the developing world that is sustainable without ongoing donor support.

International audience; Contributing reviewersThe Genetics Selection Evolution editorial team would sincerely like to thank all of our reviewers who contributed to peer review for the journal in 2014.

Contributing reviewers The editor of Addiction Science & Clinical Practice would like to thank all reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 9 (2014).