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[Background]: Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt, a devastating plant disease responsible for serious economic losses especially on potato, tomato, and other solanaceous plant species in temperate countries. In R. solanacearum, gene expression analysis has been key to unravel many virulence determinants as well as their regulatory networks. However, most of these assays have been performed using either bacteria grown in minimal medium or in planta, after symptom onset, which occurs at late stages of colonization. Thus, little is known about the genetic program that coordinates virulence gene expression and metabolic adaptation along the different stages of plant infection by R. solanacearum., [Results]: We performed an RNA-sequencing analysis of the transcriptome of bacteria recovered from potato apoplast and from the xylem of asymptomatic or wilted potato plants, which correspond to three different conditions (Apoplast, Early and Late xylem). Our results show dynamic expression of metabolism-controlling genes and virulence factors during parasitic growth inside the plant. Flagellar motility genes were especially up-regulated in the apoplast and twitching motility genes showed a more sustained expression in planta regardless of the condition. Xylem-induced genes included virulence genes, such as the type III secretion system (T3SS) and most of its related effectors and nitrogen utilisation genes. The upstream regulators of the T3SS were exclusively up-regulated in the apoplast, preceding the induction of their downstream targets. Finally, a large subset of genes involved in central metabolism was exclusively down-regulated in the xylem at late infection stages., [Conclusions]: This is the first report describing R. solanacearum dynamic transcriptional changes within the plant during infection. Our data define four main genetic programmes that define gene pathogen physiology during plant colonisation. The described expression of virulence genes, which might reflect bacterial states in different infection stages, provides key information on the R. solanacearum potato infection process., This work was funded by project PID2019-108595RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. We also acknowledge financial support from the “Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in R&D” 2016–2019 (SEV-2015-0533) and the CERCA Program of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya). R. de Pedro-Jové received FI and FPU fellowships from Generalitat de Catalunya and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. P. Sebastià received the support of a fellowship (code is LCF/BQ/IN17/11620004) from la Caixa Foundation (identifier [ID] 100010434). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 713673. M. Puigvert received an APIF doctoral fellowship from Universitat de Barcelona and travel fellowship funded by Fundació Montcelimar and Universitat de Barcelona to carry out a short stay in J.C. Setubal’s lab. J.C. Setubal holds a CNPq senior researcher fellowship. J.S. Monteiro is funded by a FAPESP doctoral fellowship under process number 2019/05287–2. A.P. Macho is funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese 1000 Talents Program.

Background The development of biomass crops aims to meet industrial yield demands, in order to optimize profitability and sustainability. Achieving these goals in an energy crop like sugarcane relies on breeding for sucrose accumulation, fiber content and stalk number. To expand the understanding of the biological pathways related to these traits, we evaluated gene expression of two groups of genotypes contrasting in biomass composition. Results First visible dewlap leaves were collected from 12 genotypes, six per group, to perform RNA-Seq. We found a high number of differentially expressed genes, showing how hybridization in a complex polyploid system caused extensive modifications in genome functioning. We found evidence that differences in transposition and defense related genes may arise due to the complex nature of the polyploid Saccharum genomes. Genotypes within both biomass groups showed substantial variability in genes involved in photosynthesis. However, most genes coding for photosystem components or those coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs) were upregulated in the high biomass group. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) coding genes were upregulated in the low biomass group, showing that this enzyme class can be involved with sucrose synthesis in leaves, similarly to sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP). Genes in pathways related to biosynthesis of cell wall components and expansins coding genes showed low average expression levels and were mostly upregulated in the high biomass group. Conclusions Together, these results show differences in carbohydrate synthesis and carbon partitioning in the source tissue of distinct phenotypic groups. Our data from sugarcane leaves revealed how hybridization in a complex polyploid system resulted in noticeably different transcriptomic profiles between contrasting genotypes.

This work was supported by Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo (FAPESP) Grant 2012/16525-2, and fellowships grants 2015/02808-0 (to NB), 2013/25807-4 (to JAL), 2016/12855-9 (to JLS-F), 2015/20774-6 (to GCC), 2013/20509-5 (to CB). Evandro Chagas core grant (to RLDM). MUF, MVGL and FTMC are Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) research fellows. University of Campinas-UNICAMP. Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva. Campinas, SP, Brazil. University of Campinas-UNICAMP. Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva. Campinas, SP, Brazil. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laborat?rio de Ensaios Cl?nicos e Imunogen?tica em Mal?ria. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. University of Campinas-UNICAMP. Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva. Campinas, SP, Brazil. University of Campinas-UNICAMP. Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva. Campinas, SP, Brazil. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Le?nidas & Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Funda??o de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brazil. University of Campinas-UNICAMP. Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva. Campinas, SP, Brazil. University of Campinas-UNICAMP. Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva. Campinas, SP, Brazil. University of S?o Paulo. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laborat?rio de Ensaios Cl?nicos e Imunogen?tica em Mal?ria. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Le?nidas & Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Funda??o de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brazil. University of S?o Paulo. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Department of Parasitology. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laborat?rio de Ensaios Cl?nicos e Imunogen?tica em Mal?ria. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. University of Campinas-UNICAMP. Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva. Campinas, SP, Brazil. BACKGROUND: The genetic diversity of malaria antigens often results in allele variant-specific immunity, imposing a great challenge to vaccine development. Rhoptry Neck Protein 2 (PvRON2) is a blood-stage antigen that plays a key role during the erythrocyte invasion of Plasmodium vivax. This study investigates the genetic diversity of PvRON2 and the naturally acquired immune response to P. vivax isolates. RESULTS: Here, the genetic diversity of PvRON21828-2080 and the naturally acquired humoral immune response against PvRON21828-2080 in infected and non-infected individuals from a vivax malaria endemic area in Brazil was reported. The diversity analysis of PvRON21828-2080 revealed that the protein is conserved in isolates in Brazil and worldwide. A total of 18 (19%) patients had IgG antibodies to PvRON21828-2080. Additionally, the analysis of the antibody response in individuals who were not acutely infected with malaria, but had been infected with malaria in the past indicated that 32 patients (33%) exhibited an IgG immune response against PvRON2. CONCLUSIONS: PvRON2 was conserved among the studied isolates. The presence of naturally acquired antibodies to this protein in the absence of the disease suggests that PvRON2 induces a long-term antibody response. These results indicate that PvRON2 is a potential malaria vaccine candidate.

Objectives The understanding of complex multifactorial diseases requires the availability of a variety of data for a large-number of affected individuals. In this data note here we provide whole exome sequencing data from a set of non-familiar multiple-sclerosis (MS) patients as well as their unaffected first-degree relatives. This data might help the identification of genomic alterations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, de novo variations and structural genomic variations, such as copy-number alterations that may impact this disease. Data description This dataset comprises the full exome of 28 Brazilian subjects grouped in eight distinct families, consisting of four complete trios (mother–patient–father) plus another four complete trios with one added unaffected sibling. In total, we present the full exome data of eight patients diagnosed with recurrent remittent multiple sclerosis. Diagnoses were made by experienced neurologists and all enrolled patients had at least 5 years of follow up and specific MS treatment. Exomes were sequenced from leukocyte-derived DNA, after the capture of exons using biotinylated probes, in the Ion Proton platform. For each exome we generated an average of 66.1 million good quality mapped reads with an average length of ~ 160nt. On average, for 90% of the exome a vertical coverage above 20× was reached.