1. Matrix metalloproteinase-9, -10, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 blood levels as biomarkers of severity and mortality in sepsis
- Author
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Jordi Solé-Violán, Leonardo Lorente, José A. Páramo, Alejandro Jiménez, Ysamar Barrios, Manuel Sanchez, José Ferreres, Juan M. Borreguero-León, César Díaz, Felipe Belmonte, José Blanquer, María L. Mora, Juan C Medina, Maria C. LLimiñana, María M. Martín, Lorenzo Labarta, Jose A. Rodriguez, José M Ferrer-Agüero, Santiago Lubillo, Josune Orbe, and Antonio Sierra
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Observation ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Severity of illness Index ,Gastroenterology ,Severity of Illness Index ,Matrix metalloproteinase 10/blood ,Sepsis ,Blood serum ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 ,Matrix metalloproteinase 9/blood ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Intensive care ,Internal medicine ,Severity of illness ,Coagulopathy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ,Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1/blood ,Sepsis/physiopathology ,business.industry ,Research ,Sepsis/mortality ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Intensive Care Units ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Spain ,Immunology ,Commentary ,Biomarker (medicine) ,SOFA score ,Female ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a role in infectious diseases through extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, which favors the migration of immune cells from the bloodstream to sites of inflammation. Although higher levels of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) have been found in small series of patients with sepsis, MMP-10 levels have not been studied in this setting. The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of MMP-9, MMP-10, and TIMP-1 on clinical severity and mortality in a large series of patients with severe sepsis. METHODS: This was a multicenter, observational, and prospective study carried out in six Spanish Intensive Care Units. We included 192 (125 surviving and 67 nonsurviving) patients with severe sepsis and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in the study. Serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-10, TIMP-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-10 were measured in patients with severe sepsis at the time of diagnosis and in healthy controls. RESULTS: Sepsis patients had higher levels of MMP-10 and TIMP-1, higher MMP-10/TIMP-1 ratios, and lower MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios than did healthy controls (P < 0.001). An association was found between MMP-9, MMP-10, TIMP-1, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios and parameters of sepsis severity, assessed by the SOFA score, the APACHE-II score, lactic acid, platelet count, and markers of coagulopathy. Nonsurviving sepsis patients had lower levels of MMP-9 (P = 0.037), higher levels of TIMP-1 (P < 0.001), lower MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio (P = 0.003), higher levels of IL-10 (P < 0.001), and lower TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratio than did surviving patients. An association was found between MMP-9, MMP-10, and TIMP-1 levels, and TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels. The risk of death in sepsis patients with TIMP-1 values greater than 531 ng/ml was 80% higher than that in patients with lower values (RR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.87;P = 0.01; sensitivity = 0.73; specificity = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: The novel findings of our study on patients with severe sepsis (to our knowledge, the largest series reporting data about MMP levels in sepsis) are that reduced MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios and increased MMP-10 levels may be of great pathophysiologic significance in terms of severity and mortality, and that TIMP-1 levels may represent a biomarker to predict the clinical outcome of patients with sepsis.
- Published
- 2009