37 results on '"Straker, Leon"'
Search Results
2. Applying the 4Ps of social marketing to retain and engage participants in longitudinal cohort studies: generation 2 Raine study participant perspectives
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Costello, Leesa, Dare, Julie, Dontje, Manon, Lambert, Claire, and Straker, Leon
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- 2022
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3. A cluster-randomized trial of workplace ergonomics and neck-specific exercise versus ergonomics and health promotion for office workers to manage neck pain – a secondary outcome analysis
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Johnston, Venerina, Chen, Xiaoqi, Welch, Alyssa, Sjøgaard, Gisela, Comans, Tracy A., McStea, Megan, Straker, Leon, Melloh, Markus, Pereira, Michelle, and O’Leary, Shaun
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- 2021
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4. Prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in Australian baby boomers: the Busselton healthy ageing study
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Hunter, Michael L., Knuiman, Matthew W., Musk, Bill (A.W.), Hui, Jennie, Murray, Kevin, Beilby, John P., Hillman, David R., Hung, Joseph, Newton, Robert U., Bucks, Romola S., Straker, Leon, Walsh, John P., Zhu, Kun, Bruce, David G., Eikelboom, Robert H., Davis, Timothy M. E., Mackey, David A., and James, Alan L.
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- 2021
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5. Informing retention in longitudinal cohort studies through a social marketing lens: Raine Study Generation 2 participants’ perspectives on benefits and barriers to participation
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Costello, Leesa, Dare, Julie, Dontje, Manon, and Straker, Leon
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- 2020
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6. Associations between meeting sleep, physical activity or screen time behaviour guidelines and academic performance in Australian school children
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Howie, Erin K., Joosten, John, Harris, Courtenay J., and Straker, Leon M.
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- 2020
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7. Can childcare work be designed to promote moderate and vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and health? Study protocol for the Goldilocks-childcare randomised controlled trial
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Lidegaard, Mark, Lerche, Anders Fritz, Munch, Pernille Kold, Schmidt, Kathrine Greby, Rasmussen, Charlotte Lund, Rasmussen, Charlotte Diana Nørregaard, Mathiassen, Svend Erik, Straker, Leon, and Holtermann, Andreas
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- 2020
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8. Process evaluation of a workplace-based health promotion and exercise cluster-randomised trial to increase productivity and reduce neck pain in office workers: a RE-AIM approach
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Welch, Alyssa, Healy, Genevieve, Straker, Leon, Comans, Tracy, O’Leary, Shaun, Melloh, Markus, Sjøgaard, Gisela, Pereira, Michelle, Chen, Xiaoqi, and Johnston, Venerina
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- 2020
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9. “From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour”: a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives
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Toh, Siao Hui, Howie, Erin K., Coenen, Pieter, and Straker, Leon M.
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- 2019
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10. Correlates of physical activity and sedentary time in young adults: the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study
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Howie, Erin K., McVeigh, Joanne A., Winkler, Elisabeth A. H., Healy, Genevieve N., Bucks, Romola S., Eastwood, Peter R., and Straker, Leon M.
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- 2018
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11. The Raine study had no evidence of significant perinatal selection bias after two decades of follow up: a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study.
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White, Scott W., Eastwood, Peter R., Straker, Leon M., Adams, Leon A., Newnham, John P., Lye, Stephen J., and Pennell, Craig E.
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COHORT analysis ,CHILDBIRTH ,MATERNAL health services ,PREGNANCY complications ,DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
Background: Cohort studies may increase or decrease their selection bias as they progress through time. The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study has followed 2868 children for over two decades; from fetal into adult life. This paper analyses the cohort over time, assessing potential bias that may come and go with recruitment, retention and loss of participants.Methods: Linked data from all births in Western Australian over the 3 years the Raine Cohort was recruited were obtained to compare perinatal characteristics and subsequent health outcomes between the Western Australian (WA) contemporaneous birth population and the Raine Cohort at five time points. Perinatal exposure-outcome comparisons were employed to assess bias due to non-participation in Raine Study subsets.Results: There were demographic differences between the Raine Study cohort and its source population at recruitment with further changes across the period of follow up. Despite these differences, the pregnancy and infant data of those with continuing participation were not significantly different to the WA contemporaneous birth population. None of the exposure-outcome associations were significantly different to those in the WA general population at recruitment or at any cohort reviews suggesting no substantial recruitment or attrition bias.Conclusions: The Raine Study is valuable for association studies, even after 20 years of cohort reviews with increasing non-participation of cohort members. Non-participation has resulted in greater attrition of socially disadvantaged participants, however, exposure-outcome association analyses suggest that there is no apparent resulting selection bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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12. Relationships between psychosocial outcomes in adolescents who are obese and their parents during a multi-disciplinary family-based healthy lifestyle intervention: One-year follow-up of a waitlist controlled trial (Curtin University's Activity, Food and Attitudes Program).
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Fenner, Ashley A., Howie, Erin K., Davis, Melissa C., and Straker, Leon M.
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PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,QUALITY of life ,BEHAVIOR modification ,OBESITY ,HOSPITAL waiting lists ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,ANXIETY prevention ,PREVENTION of mental depression ,PREVENTION of obesity ,OBESITY & psychology ,MENTAL health ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EXERCISE ,HEALTH attitudes ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PSYCHOLOGY of parents ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,TREATMENT effectiveness - Abstract
Background: Limited studies have investigated relationships in psychosocial outcomes between adolescents who are obese and their parents and how psychosocial outcomes change during participation in a physical activity and healthy eating intervention. This study examined both adolescent and parent psychosocial outcomes while participating in a one - year multi-disciplinary family-based intervention: Curtin University's Activity, Food, and Attitudes Program (CAFAP).Methods: Following a waitlist control period, the intervention was delivered to adolescent (n = 56, ages 11-16) and parent participants over 8 weeks, with one-year maintenance follow-up. Adolescent depression and quality of life, family functioning, and parent depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed at six time points: baseline and prior to intervention (e.g., waitlist control period), immediately following intervention, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention. Relationships between adolescent and parent psychosocial outcomes were assessed using Spearman correlations and changes in both adolescent and parent outcomes were assessed using linear mixed models. Changes in adolescent psychosocial outcomes were compared to changes in behavioural (physical activity and healthy eating) and physical (weight) outcomes using independent samples t-tests.Results: The majority of psychosocial outcomes were significantly correlated between adolescents and parents across the one-year follow-up. Adolescent depression, psychosocial and physical quality of life outcomes significantly improved before or following intervention and were maintained at 6-months or one-year follow-up. Parent symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were reduced during waitlist and primarily remained improved. Changes in adolescent psychosocial outcomes were shown to be partially associated with behavioural changes and independent of physical changes.Conclusions: Adolescents in CAFAP improved psychosocial and physical quality of life and reversed the typical trajectory of depressive symptoms in adolescents who are obese during a one-year maintenance period. CAFAP was also effective at maintaining reductions in parent symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress demonstrated during the waitlist period.Trial Registration: The trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (No. 12611001187932 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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13. Objectively measured patterns of sedentary time and physical activity in young adults of the Raine study cohort.
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McVeigh, Joanne A., Winkler, Elisabeth A. H., Howie, Erin K., Tremblay, Mark S., Smith, Anne, Abbott, Rebecca A., Eastwood, Peter R., Healy, Genevieve N., and Straker, Leon M.
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ACCELEROMETRY ,ACCELEROMETERS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PROBABILITY theory ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX distribution ,T-test (Statistics) ,TIME ,SECONDARY analysis ,EXERCISE intensity ,SEDENTARY lifestyles ,PHYSICAL activity ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,MANN Whitney U Test ,ADULTS ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
Background: To provide a detailed description of young adults' sedentary time and physical activity. Methods: 384 young women and 389 young men aged 22.1 ± 0.6 years, all participants in the 22 year old follow-up of the Raine Study pregnancy cohort, wore Actigraph GT3X+ monitors on the hip for 24 h/day over a one-week period for at least one 'valid' day (≥10 h of waking wear time). Each minute epoch was classified as sedentary, light, moderate or vigorous intensity using 100 count and Freedson cut-points. Mixed models assessed hourly and daily variation; t-tests assessed gender differences. Results: The average (mean ± SD) waking wear time was 15.0 ± 1.6 h/day, of which 61.4 ± 10.1 % was spent sedentary, 34.6 ± 9.1 % in light-, 3.7 ± 5.3 % in moderate- and, 0.3 ± 0.6 % in vigorous-intensity activity. Average time spent in moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) was 36.2 ± 27.5 min/day. Relative to men, women had higher sedentary time, but also higher vigorous activity time. The 'usual' bout duration of sedentary time was 11.8 ± 4.5 min in women and 11.7 ± 5.2 min in men. By contrast, other activities were accumulated in shorter bout durations. There was large variation by hour of the day and by day of the week in both sedentary time and MVPA. Evenings and Sundays through Wednesdays tended to be particularly sedentary and/or inactive. Conclusion: For these young adults, much of the waking day was spent sedentary and many participants were physically inactive (low levels of MVPA). We provide novel evidence on the time for which activities were performed and on the time periods when young adults were more sedentary and/or less active. With high sedentary time and low MVPA, young adults may be at risk for the life-course sequelae of these behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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14. A low cortisol response to stress is associated with musculoskeletal pain combined with increased pain sensitivity in young adults: a longitudinal cohort study.
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Paananen, Markus, O'Sullivan, Peter, Straker, Leon, Beales, Darren, Coenen, Pieter, Karppinen, Jaro, Pennell, Craig, and Smith, Anne
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- 2015
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15. Musculoskeletal pain is associated with restless legs syndrome in young adults.
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Hoogwout, Stijn J., Paananen, Markus V., Smith, Anne J., Beales, Darren J., O'Sullivan, Peter B., Straker, Leon M., Eastwood, Peter R., McArdle, Nigel, and Champion, David
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RESTLESS legs syndrome ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: In recent years, there is considerable evidence of a relationship between the sensorimotor disorder restless legs syndrome (RLS) and pain disorders, including migraine and fibromyalgia. An association between multi-site pain and RLS has been reported in adult women. In the current study, we explored the association between musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and RLS in a large cohort of young adults.Methods: Twenty two year olds (n = 1072), followed since birth of part of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, provided data on MSK pain (duration, severity, frequency, number of pain sites). RLS was considered present when 4 diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group were met (urge to move, dysaesthesia, relief by movement, worsening symptoms during the evening/night) and participants had these symptoms at least 5 times per month. Associations between MSK pain and RLS were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression with bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals, with final models adjusted for sex, psychological distress and sleep quality.Results: The prevalence of RLS was 3.0 % and MSK pain was reported by 37.4 % of the participants. In multivariable logistic regression models, strong associations were found between RLS-diagnosis and long duration (three months or more) of MSK pain (odds ratio 3.6, 95 % confidence interval 1.4-9.2) and reporting three or more pain sites (4.9, 1.6-14.6).Conclusions: Different dimensions of MSK pain were associated with RLS in young adults, suggestive of shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Overlap between these conditions requires more clinical and research attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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16. Rationale, design and methods for the 22 year follow-up of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.
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Straker, Leon M., Hall, Graham L., Mountain, Jenny, Howie, Erin K., White, Elisha, McArdle, Nigel, and Eastwood, Peter R.
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HEALTH of young adults , *COHORT analysis , *CHRONIC diseases , *SCHOOL absenteeism , *SLEEP disorders , *ASTHMA , *PRESENTEEISM (Labor) , *QUALITY of life - Abstract
Background: Young adulthood is a critical life period for health and health behaviours. Related measurements collected before and after birth, and during childhood and adolescence can provide a life-course analysis of important factors that contribute to health and behaviour in young adulthood. The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study has collected a large number of such measurements during the fetal, perinatal, infancy, childhood and adolescence periods and plans to relate them to common health issues and behaviours in young adults, including spinal pain, asthma, sleep disorders, physical activity and sedentary behaviour and, work absenteeism and presenteeism. The aim of this paper is to describe the rationale, design and methods of the 22 year follow-up of the Raine Study cohort. Methods/Design: The Raine Study is a prospective cohort study. Participants still active in the cohort (n = 2,086) were contacted around the time of their 22nd birthday and invited to participate in the 22 year follow-up. Each was asked to complete a questionnaire, attend a research facility for physical assessment and an overnight sleep study, wear activity monitors for a week, and to maintain a sleep and activity diary over this week. The questionnaire was broad and included questions related to sociodemographics, medical history, quality of life, psychological factors, lifestyle factors, spinal pain, respiratory, sleep, activity and work factors. Physical assessments included anthropometry, blood pressure, back muscle endurance, tissue sensitivity, lung function, airway reactivity, allergic status, 3D facial photographs, cognitive function, and overnight polysomnography. Discussion: Describing the prevalence of these health issues and behaviours in young adulthood will enable better recognition of the issues and planning of health care resources. Providing a detailed description of the phenotype of these issues will provide valuable information to help educate health professionals of the needs of young adults. Understanding the life-course risk factors of health issues and behaviours in young adulthood will have important health planning implications, supporting the development of targeted interventions to improve current health status and reduce the onset and development of further ill-health across adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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17. Barriers and enablers for participation in healthy lifestyle programs by adolescents who are overweight: a qualitative study of the opinions of adolescents, their parents and community stakeholders.
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Smith, Kyla L., Straker, Leon M., McManus, Alexandra, and Fenner, Ashley A.
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ADOLESCENT obesity ,LIFESTYLES ,PHYSICAL fitness ,HYPERTENSION ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
Background Overweight or obesity during adolescence affects almost 25% of Australian youth, yet limited research exists regarding recruitment and engagement of adolescents in weightmanagement or healthy lifestyle interventions, or best-practice for encouraging long-term healthy behaviour change. A sound understanding of community perceptions, including views from adolescents, parents and community stakeholders, regarding barriers and enablers to entering and engaging meaningfully in an intervention is critical to improve the design of such programs. Methods This paper reports findings from focus groups and semi-structured interviews conducted with adolescents (n = 44), parents (n = 12) and community stakeholders (n = 39) in Western Australia. Three major topics were discussed to inform the design of more feasible and effective interventions: recruitment, retention in the program and maintenance of healthy change. Data were analysed using content and thematic analyses. Results Data were categorised into barriers and enablers across the three main topics. For recruitment, identified barriers included: the stigma associated with overweight, difficulty defining overweight, a lack of current health services and broader social barriers. The enablers for recruitment included: strategic marketing, a positive approach and subsidising program costs. For retention, identified barriers included: location, timing, high level of commitment needed and social barriers. Enablers for retention included: making it fun and enjoyable for adolescents, involving the family, having an on-line component, recruiting good staff and making it easy for parents to attend. For maintenance, identified barriers included: the high degree of difficulty in sustaining change and limited services to support change. Enablers for maintenance included: on-going follow up, focusing on positive change, utilisation of electronic media and transition back to community services. Conclusions This study highlights significant barriers for adolescents and parents to overcome to engage meaningfully with weight-management or healthy lifestyle programs. A number of enablers were identified to promote ongoing involvement with an intervention. This insight into specific contextual opinions from the local community can be used to inform the delivery of healthy lifestyle programs for overweight adolescents, with a focus on maximising acceptability and feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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18. Rationale, design and methods for a community-based study of clustering and cumulative effects of chronic disease processes and their effects on ageing: the Busselton healthy ageing study.
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James, Alan, Hunter, Michael, Straker, Leon, Beilby, John, Bucks, Romola, Davis, Tim, Eikelboom, Robert H., Hillman, David, Hui, Jennie, Hung, Joe, Knuiman, Matthew, Mackey, David A., Newton, Robert U., Palmer, Lyle J., and Musk, A. W. Bill
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Background: The global trend of increased life expectancy and increased prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases will impact on health systems. To identify effective intervention and prevention strategies, greater understanding of the risk factors for and cumulative effects of chronic disease processes and their effects on function and quality of life is needed. The Busselton Healthy Ageing Study aims to enhance understanding of ageing by relating the clustering and interactions of common chronic conditions in adults to function. Longitudinal (3–5 yearly) follow-up is planned. Methods/design: Phase I (recruitment) is a cross-sectional community-based prospective cohort study involving up to 4,000 ‘Baby Boomers’ (born from 1946 to 1964) living in the Busselton Shire, Western Australia. The study protocol involves a detailed, self-administered health and risk factor questionnaire and a range of physical assessments including body composition and bone density measurements, cardiovascular profiling (blood pressure, ECG and brachial pulse wave velocity), retinal photography, tonometry, auto-refraction, spirometry and bronchodilator responsiveness, skin allergy prick tests, sleep apnoea screening, tympanometry and audiometry, grip strength, mobility, balance and leg extensor strength. Cognitive function and reserve, semantic memory, and pre-morbid intelligence are assessed. Participants provide a fasting blood sample for assessment of lipids, blood glucose, C-reactive protein and renal and liver function, and RNA, DNA and serum are stored. Clinically relevant results are provided to all participants. The prevalence of risk factors, symptoms and diagnosed illness will be calculated and the burden of illness will be estimated based on the observed relationships and clustering of symptoms and illness within individuals. Risk factors for combinations of illness will be compared with those for single illnesses and the relation of combinations of illness and symptoms to cognitive and physical function will be estimated. Discussion: This study will enable a thorough characterization of multiple disease processes and their risk factors within a community-based sample of individuals to determine their singular, interactive and cumulative effects on ageing. The project will provide novel cross-sectional data and establish a cohort that will be used for longitudinal analyses of the genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors that determine whether an individual ages well or with impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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19. The contribution of office work to sedentary behaviour associated risk.
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Parry, Sharon and Straker, Leon
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SEDENTARY lifestyles , *LABOR supply , *PHYSICAL activity , *CLERKS - Abstract
Background: Sedentary time has been found to be independently associated with poor health and mortality. Further, a greater proportion of the workforce is now employed in low activity occupations such as office work. To date, there is no research that specifically examines the contribution of sedentary work to overall sedentary exposure and thus risk. The purpose of the study was to determine the total exposure and exposure pattern for sedentary time, light activity and moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of office workers during work and non-work time. Methods: 50 office workers from Perth, Australia wore an Actical (Phillips, Respironics) accelerometer during waking hours for 7 days (in 2008-2009). Participants recorded wear time, waking hours, work hours and daily activities in an activity diary. Time in activity levels (as percentage of wear time) during work and non-work time were analysed using paired t-tests and Pearson's correlations. Results: Sedentary time accounted for 81.8% of work hours (light activity 15.3% and MVPA 2.9%), which was significantly greater than sedentary time during non-work time (68.9% p < 0.001). Office workers experienced significantly more sustained sedentary time (bouts >30 minutes) and significantly less brief duration (0-10 minutes) light intensity activity during work hours compared to non-work time (p < 0.001). Further, office workers had fewer breaks in sedentary time during work hours compared to non-work time (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Office work is characterised by sustained sedentary time and contributes significantly to overall sedentary exposure of office workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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20. Screen-based media use clusters are related to other activity behaviours and health indicators in adolescents.
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Straker, Leon, Smith, Anne, Hands, Beth, Olds, Tim, and Abbott, Rebecca
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DOCUMENT clustering , *HEALTH behavior , *ADOLESCENT health , *LEISURE , *SEDENTARY lifestyles , *LATENT class analysis (Statistics) - Abstract
Background Screen-based media (SBM) occupy a considerable portion of young peoples' discretionary leisure time. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether distinct clusters of SBM use exist, and if so, to examine the relationship of any identified clusters with other activity/sedentary behaviours and physical and mental health indicators. Methods The data for this study come from 643 adolescents, aged 14 years, who were participating in the longitudinal Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study through May 2003 to June 2006. Time spent on SBM, phone use and reading was assessed using the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults. Height, weight, muscle strength were measured at a clinic visit and the adolescents also completed questionnaires on their physical activity and psychosocial health. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to analyse groupings of screen-based media use. Results Three clusters of SBM use were found; C1 'instrumental computer users' (high email use, general computer use), C2 'multi-modal e-gamers' (both high console and computer game use) and C3 'computer e-gamers' (high computer game use only). Television viewing was moderately high amongst all the clusters. C2 males took fewer steps than their male peers in C1 and C3 (?13,787/week, 95%CI: -4619 to −22957, p = 0.003 and −14,806, 95%CI: -5,306 to −24,305, p = 0.002) and recorded less MVPA than the C1 males (−3.5 h, 95%CI: -1.0 to −5.9, p = 0.005). There was no difference in activity levels between females in clusters C1 and C3. Conclusion SBM use by adolescents did cluster and these clusters related differently to activity/sedentary behaviours and both physical and psychosocial health indicators. It is clear that SBM use is not a single construct and future research needs to take consideration of this if it intends to understand the impact SBM has on health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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21. Translation equations to compare ActiGraph GT3X and Actical accelerometers activity counts.
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Straker, Leon and Campbell, Amity
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ACTIGRAPHY , *ACCELEROMETERS , *ALGORITHMS , *VECTOR analysis , *BODY mass index - Abstract
Background: This study aimed to develop a translation equation to enable comparison between Actical and ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer counts recorded minute by minute. Methods: Five males and five females of variable height, weight, body mass index and age participated in this investigation. Participants simultaneously wore an Actical and an ActiGraph accelerometer for two days. Conversion algorithms and R2 were calculated day by day for each subject between the omnidirectional Actical and three different ActiGraph (three-dimensional) outputs: 1) vertical direction, 2) combined vector, and 3) a custom vector. Three conversion algorithms suitable for minute/minute conversions were then calculated from the full data set. Results: The vertical ActiGraph activity counts demonstrated the closest relationship with the Actical, with consistent moderate to strong conversions using the algorithm: y = 0.905x, in the day by day data (R2 range: 0.514 to 0.989 and average: 0.822) and full data set (R2 = 0.865). Conclusions: The Actical is most sensitive to accelerations in the vertical direction, and does not closely correlate with three-dimensional ActiGraph output. Minute by minute conversions between the Actical and ActiGraph vertical component can be confidently performed between data sets and might allow further synthesis of information between studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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22. Rationale, design and methods for a staggered-entry, waitlist controlled clinical trial of the impact of a community-based, family-centred, multidisciplinary program focussed on activity, food and attitude habits (Curtin University's Activity, Food and Attitudes Program--CAFAP) among overweight adolescents
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Straker, Leon M., Kyla Smith, Kyla L., Fenner, Ashley A., Kerr, Deborah A., McManus, Alexandra, Davis, Melissa C., Fielding, Angela M., Olds, Tim S., Hagger, Martin S., Smith, Anne J., and Abbott, Rebecca A.
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CLINICAL trials , *PUBLIC health , *COMMUNITY health services , *FOOD habits , *HEALTH attitudes , *HEALTH behavior - Abstract
Background: Current estimates place just under one quarter of adolescents in Australia as overweight or obese. Adolescence has been identified as a critical period for the development of obesity, yet despite this recognition, there is limited systematic research into or evaluation of interventions for overweight adolescents. Reviews have concluded that there is a substantive evidence gap for effective intervention, but physical activity, lifestyle change and family involvement have been identified as promising foci for treatment. Methods: This paper reports on the development of a staggered-entry, waitlist controlled clinical trial to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary intervention aiming to change the poor health trajectory of overweight adolescents and help them avoid morbid obesity in adulthood--Curtin University's Activity, Food and Attitudes Program (CAFAP). 96 adolescents, aged 11-16 years, and parents, will attend twice weekly during an 8 week intensive multidisciplinary program with maintenance follow-up focussed on improving activity, food and attitude habits. Follow-up assessments will be conducted immediately after completing the intensive program, and at 3, 6 and 12 months post intensive program. Main outcomes will be objectively-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and activity behaviours; food intake (measured by 3 day diary) and food behaviours; body composition, fitness and physical function; mental and social well-being (quality of life, mood and attitudes), and family functioning. Discussion: This trial will provide important information to understand whether a community based multidisciplinary intervention can have short and medium term effects on activity and food habits, attitudes, and physical and mental health status of overweight adolescents. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611001187932. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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23. Back and neck pain are related to mental health problems in adolescence.
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Rees, Clare S., Smith, Anne J., O'Sullivan, Peter B., Kendall, Garth E., and Straker, Leon M.
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MENTAL health ,CHILD psychology ,TEENAGERS ,CHILDREN'S health ,PSYCHIATRY - Abstract
Background: There is a high prevalence of mental health problems amongst adolescents. In addition there is a high prevalence of spinal pain in this population. Evidence suggests that these conditions are related. This study sought to extend earlier findings by examining the relationship between mental health problems as measured by the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) and the experience of back and neck pain in adolescents. Methods: One thousand five hundred and eighty participants (mean age 14.1 years) from the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Study provided cross-sectional spinal pain and CBCL data. Results: As predicted, there was a high prevalence of back and neck pain in this cohort. On the whole, females reported more mental health difficulties than males. There were strong relationships between the majority of symptom scales of the CBCL and back and neck pain. Scores on the CBCL were associated with higher odds of comorbid back and neck pain. Conclusions: These findings strongly support the need to consider both psychological and pain symptoms when providing assessments and treatment for adolescents. Further research is required to inform causal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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24. Spinal pain and nutrition in adolescents - an exploratory cross-sectional study.
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Perry, Mark C., Straker, Leon M., Oddy, Wendy H., O'Sullivan, Peter B., and Smith, Anne J.
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SPINE diseases , *SPONDYLOLYSIS , *NUTRITION , *DIET , *MEDICAL care - Abstract
Background: Spinal pain is an important health issue for adolescents resulting in functional limitations for many and increasing the risk of spinal pain in adulthood. Whilst human and animal studies suggest nutrition could influence spinal pain, this has not been investigated in adolescents. The objective of this exploratory cross sectional study was to evaluate associations between diet and adolescent spinal pain. Methods: This study surveyed the spinal pain (neck and back) and nutrition (specific nutrients, broad food groups, diet quality and dietary pattern) of 1424 male and female adolescents at 14 years of age, in Western Australia. Results: Back or neck pain were experienced by around half of the adolescents, with females more likely to experience spinal pain. Nutrition differed between sexes and deviated from optimal intakes. Vitamin B12, eggs, cereals and meat consumption were related to spinal pain in sex specific multivariate analyses including primary carer education level and adolescent waist girth and smoking. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that certain aspects of diet may have an association with spinal pain in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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25. Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trial to evaluate "Animal Fun" - a program designed to enhance physical andmental health in young children.
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Piek, Jan P., Straker, Leon M., Jensen, Lynn, Dender, Alma, Barrett, Nicholas C., McLaren, Sue, Roberts, Clare, Reid, Carly, Rooney, Rosie, Packer, Tanya, Bradbury, Greer, and Elsley, Sharon
- Subjects
CHILD psychology ,MENTAL health ,MOTOR ability ,PHYSICAL fitness ,DISEASE risk factors ,PEDIATRICS - Abstract
Background: Children with poor motor ability have been found to engage less in physical activities than other children, and a lack of physical activity has been linked to problems such as obesity, lowered bone mineral density and cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, if children are confident with their fine and gross motor skills, they are more likely to engage in physical activities such as sports, crafts, dancing and other physical activity programs outside of the school curriculum which are important activities for psychosocial development. The primary objective of this project is to comprehensively evaluate a whole of class physical activity program called Animal Fun designed for Pre-Primary children. This program was designed to improve the child's movement skills, both fine and gross, and their perceptions of their movement ability, promote appropriate social skills and improve social-emotional development. Methods: The proposed randomized and controlled trial uses a multivariate nested cohort design to examine the physical (motor coordination) and psychosocial (self perceptions, anxiety, social competence) outcomes of the program. The Animal Fun program is a teacher delivered universal program incorporating animal actions to facilitate motor skill and social skill acquisition and practice. Pre-intervention scores on motor and psychosocial variables for six control schools and six intervention schools will be compared with post-intervention scores (end of Pre-Primary year) and scores taken 12 months later after the children's transition to primary school Year 1. 520 children aged 4.5 to 6 years will be recruited and it is anticipated that 360 children will be retained to the 1 year follow-up. There will be equal numbers of boys and girls. Discussion: If this program is found to improve the child's motor and psychosocial skills, this will assist in the child's transition into the first year of school. As a result of these changes, it is anticipated that children will have greater enjoyment participating in physical activities which will further promote long term physical and mental health. Trial registration: This trial is registered in the Australian and New Zealand Clinical trials Registry (ACTRN12609000869279). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trialto investigate whether home access to electronic games decreaseschildren's physical activity.
- Author
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Straker, Leon M., Abbott, Rebecca A., Piek, Jan P., Pollock, Clare M., Davies, Peter S., and Smith, Anne J.
- Subjects
- *
CHILDREN'S health , *PHYSICAL activity , *ELECTRONIC games , *HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH - Abstract
Background: Many children are reported to have insufficient physical activity (PA) placing them at greater risk of poor health outcomes. Participating in sedentary activities such as playing electronic games is widely believed to contribute to less PA. However there is no experimental evidence that playing electronic games reduces PA. There is also no evidence regarding the effect of different types of electronic games (traditional sedentary electronic games versus new active input electronic games) on PA. Further, there is a poor understanding about how characteristics of children may moderate the impact of electronic game access on PA and about what leisure activities are displaced when children play electronic games. Given that many children play electronic games, a better understanding of the effect of electronic game use on PA is critical to inform child health policy and intervention. Methods: This randomised and controlled trial will examine whether PA is decreased by access to electronic games and whether any effect is dependent on the type of game input or the child's characteristics. Children aged 10-12 years (N = 72, 36 females) will be recruited and randomised to a balanced ordering of "no electronic games', "traditional" electronic games and "active" electronic games. Each child will participate in each condition for 8 weeks, and be assessed prior to participation and at the end of each condition. The primary outcome is PA, assessed by Actical accelerometers worn for 7 days on the wrist and hip. Energy expenditure will be assessed by the doubly labelled water technique and motor coordination, adiposity, self-confidence, attitudes to technology and PA and leisure activities will also be assessed. A sample of 72 will provide a power of > 0.9 for detecting a 15 mins difference in PA (sd = 30 mins). Discussion: This is the first such trial and will provide critical information to understand whether access to electronic games affects children's PA. Given the vital importance of adequate PA to a healthy start to life and establishing patterns which may track into adulthood, this project can inform interventions which could have a profound impact on the long term health of children. Trial registration: This trial is registered in the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12609000279224). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Fitness, motor competence and body composition as correlates of adolescent neck/shoulder pain: an exploratory cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Perry, Mark C., Straker, Leon M., O'Sullivan, Peter B., Smith, Anne J., and Hands, Beth
- Subjects
- *
SHOULDER pain , *NECK pain , *TEENAGERS , *BASKETBALL , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Adolescent neck/shoulder pain (NSP) is a common and sometimes debilitating problem. Several risk factors for this condition have been investigated, but no studies have previously evaluated associations between fitness, motor competence, body composition and adolescent NSP. Methods: 1608 males and females of mean age 14 years answered questions on their history of NSP (4 measures), and were tested for aerobic fitness, upper and lower limb power, trunk endurance, grip strength, shoulder flexibility, motor competence and anthropometric factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to test for associations between NSP and physical variables. Results: There were significant gender differences for most physical and pain variables. After multivariate analysis, males had lower odds of NSP if they had reduced back endurance [OR: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46-0.97)], reduced persistent control [0.42 (0.19-0.95], and increased muscle power [0.33 (0.12-0.94)], and higher odds of NSP if they had a higher basketball throw [2.47 (1.22-5.00)] and jump performance [3.47 (1.55-7.74)]. Females had lower odds for NSP if they had a reduced jump performance [0.61(0.41-0.92)], a better basketball throw [0.60(0.40-0.90)], lower shoulder flexibility [0.54 (0.30-0.98)] and a higher aerobic capacity [0.61 (0.40-0.93)], and higher odds for NSP if they had greater abdominal endurance [1.57(1.07-2.31)] and greater bimanual dexterity [1.77(1.18-2.65)]. Females showed a U shaped relationship between NSP and back endurance [low: 2.12 (1.20-3.74); high 2.12 (1.18-3.83)]. Conclusion: Adolescent NSP was associated with fitness and motor competence, although the associations varied with gender, and their strength was limited [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Process evaluation of a workplace-based health promotion and exercise cluster-randomised trial to increase productivity and reduce neck pain in office workers : a RE-AIM approach
- Author
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Welch, Alyssa, Healy, Genevieve, Straker, Leon, Comans, Tracy, O'Leary, Shaun, Melloh, Markus, Sjøgaard, Gisela, Pereira, Michelle, Chen, Xiaoqi, and Johnston, Venerina
- Subjects
610: Medizin und Gesundheit ,Musculoskeletal disease ,Occupational health ,Effectiveness ,Evaluation ,Workplace ,3. Good health - Abstract
Background: This study uses the RE-AIM framework to provide a process evaluation of a workplace-based cluster randomised trial comparing an ergonomic plus exercise intervention to an ergonomic plus health promotion intervention; and to highlight variations across organisations; and consider the implications of the findings for intervention translation. Method: This study applied the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) methodology to examine the interventions’ implementation and to explore the extent to which differences between participating organisations contributed to the variations in findings. Qualitative and quantitative data collected from individual participants, research team observations and organisations were interrogated to report on the five RE-AIM domains. Results: Overall reach was 22.7% but varied across organisations (range 9 to 83%). Participants were generally representative of the recruitment pool though more females (n = 452 or 59%) were recruited than were in the pool (49%). Effectiveness measures (health-related productivity loss and neck pain) varied across all organisations, with no clear pattern emerging to indicate the source of the variation. Organisation-level adoption (66%) and staffing level adoption (91%) were high. The interventions were implemented with minimal protocol variations and high staffing consistency, but organisations varied in their provision of resources (e.g. training space, seniority of liaisons). Mean adherence of participants to the EET intervention was 56% during the intervention period, but varied from 41 to 71% across organisations. At 12 months, 15% of participants reported regular EET adherence. Overall mean (SD) adherence to EHP was 56% (29%) across organisations during the intervention period (range 28 to 77%), with 62% of participants reporting regular adherence at 12 months. No organisations continued the interventions after the follow-up period. Conclusion: Although the study protocol was implemented with high consistency and fidelity, variations in four domains (reach, effectiveness, adoption and implementation) arose between the 14 participating organisations. These variations may be the source of mixed effectiveness across organisations. Factors known to increase the success of workplace interventions, such as strong management support, a visible commitment to employee wellbeing and participant engagement in intervention design should be considered and adequately measured for future interventions.
29. Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trial to evaluate "Animal Fun"--a program designed to enhance physical and mental health in young children.
- Author
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Piek, Jan P, Straker, Leon M, Jensen, Lynn, Dender, Alma, Barrett, Nicholas C, McLaren, Sue, Roberts, Clare, Reid, Carly, Rooney, Rosie, Packer, Tanya, Bradbury, Greer, and Elsley, Sharon
- Abstract
Background: Children with poor motor ability have been found to engage less in physical activities than other children, and a lack of physical activity has been linked to problems such as obesity, lowered bone mineral density and cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, if children are confident with their fine and gross motor skills, they are more likely to engage in physical activities such as sports, crafts, dancing and other physical activity programs outside of the school curriculum which are important activities for psychosocial development. The primary objective of this project is to comprehensively evaluate a whole of class physical activity program called Animal Fun designed for Pre-Primary children. This program was designed to improve the child's movement skills, both fine and gross, and their perceptions of their movement ability, promote appropriate social skills and improve social-emotional development.Methods: The proposed randomized and controlled trial uses a multivariate nested cohort design to examine the physical (motor coordination) and psychosocial (self perceptions, anxiety, social competence) outcomes of the program. The Animal Fun program is a teacher delivered universal program incorporating animal actions to facilitate motor skill and social skill acquisition and practice. Pre-intervention scores on motor and psychosocial variables for six control schools and six intervention schools will be compared with post-intervention scores (end of Pre-Primary year) and scores taken 12 months later after the children's transition to primary school Year 1. 520 children aged 4.5 to 6 years will be recruited and it is anticipated that 360 children will be retained to the 1 year follow-up. There will be equal numbers of boys and girls.Discussion: If this program is found to improve the child's motor and psychosocial skills, this will assist in the child's transition into the first year of school. As a result of these changes, it is anticipated that children will have greater enjoyment participating in physical activities which will further promote long term physical and mental health.Trial Registration: This trial is registered in the Australian and New Zealand Clinical trials Registry (ACTRN12609000869279). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trial to investigate whether home access to electronic games decreases children's physical activity.
- Author
-
Straker LM, Abbott RA, Piek JP, Pollock CM, Davies PS, Smith AJ, Straker, Leon M, Abbott, Rebecca A, Piek, Jan P, Pollock, Clare M, Davies, Peter S, and Smith, Anne J
- Abstract
Background: Many children are reported to have insufficient physical activity (PA) placing them at greater risk of poor health outcomes. Participating in sedentary activities such as playing electronic games is widely believed to contribute to less PA. However there is no experimental evidence that playing electronic games reduces PA. There is also no evidence regarding the effect of different types of electronic games (traditional sedentary electronic games versus new active input electronic games) on PA. Further, there is a poor understanding about how characteristics of children may moderate the impact of electronic game access on PA and about what leisure activities are displaced when children play electronic games. Given that many children play electronic games, a better understanding of the effect of electronic game use on PA is critical to inform child health policy and intervention.Methods: This randomised and controlled trial will examine whether PA is decreased by access to electronic games and whether any effect is dependent on the type of game input or the child's characteristics. Children aged 10-12 years (N = 72, 36 females) will be recruited and randomised to a balanced ordering of 'no electronic games', 'traditional' electronic games and 'active' electronic games. Each child will participate in each condition for 8 weeks, and be assessed prior to participation and at the end of each condition. The primary outcome is PA, assessed by Actical accelerometers worn for 7 days on the wrist and hip. Energy expenditure will be assessed by the doubly labelled water technique and motor coordination, adiposity, self-confidence, attitudes to technology and PA and leisure activities will also be assessed. A sample of 72 will provide a power of > 0.9 for detecting a 15 mins difference in PA (sd = 30 mins).Discussion: This is the first such trial and will provide critical information to understand whether access to electronic games affects children's PA. Given the vital importance of adequate PA to a healthy start to life and establishing patterns which may track into adulthood, this project can inform interventions which could have a profound impact on the long term health of children.Trial Registration: This trial is registered in the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12609000279224). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Regional differences in lumbar spinal posture and the influence of low back pain.
- Author
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Mitchell T, O'Sullivan PB, Burnett AF, Straker L, Smith A, Mitchell, Tim, O'Sullivan, Peter B, Burnett, Angus F, Straker, Leon, and Smith, Anne
- Abstract
Background: Spinal posture is commonly a focus in the assessment and clinical management of low back pain (LBP) patients. However, the link between spinal posture and LBP is not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that considering regional, rather than total lumbar spine posture is important. The purpose of this study was to determine; if there are regional differences in habitual lumbar spine posture and movement, and if these findings are influenced by LBP.Methods: One hundred and seventy female undergraduate nursing students, with and without LBP, participated in this cross-sectional study. Lower lumbar (LLx), Upper lumbar (ULx) and total lumbar (TLx) spine angles were measured using an electromagnetic tracking system in static postures and across a range of functional tasks.Results: Regional differences in lumbar posture and movement were found. Mean LLx posture did not correlate with ULx posture in sitting (r = 0.036, p = 0.638), but showed a moderate inverse correlation with ULx posture in usual standing (r = -0.505, p < 0.001). Regional differences in range of motion from reference postures in sitting and standing were evident. BMI accounted for regional differences found in all sitting and some standing measures. LBP was not associated with differences in regional lumbar spine angles or range of motion, with the exception of maximal backward bending range of motion (F = 5.18, p = 0.007).Conclusion: This study supports the concept of regional differences within the lumbar spine during common postures and movements. Global lumbar spine kinematics do not reflect regional lumbar spine kinematics, which has implications for interpretation of measures of spinal posture, motion and loading. BMI influenced regional lumbar posture and movement, possibly representing adaptation due to load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Chronic low back pain is associated with reduced vertebral bone mineral measures in community-dwelling adults.
- Author
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Briggs AM, Straker LM, Burnett AF, and Wark JD
- Subjects
- Absorptiometry, Photon, Adult, Age Factors, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Chronic Pain diagnostic imaging, Chronic Pain etiology, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Low Back Pain diagnostic imaging, Low Back Pain etiology, Lumbar Vertebrae diagnostic imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Pain Measurement, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Self Report, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Western Australia, Young Adult, Bone Density, Chronic Pain pathology, Low Back Pain pathology, Lumbar Vertebrae pathology
- Abstract
Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) experienced in middle-age may have important implications for vertebral bone health, although this issue has not been investigated as a primary aim previously. This study investigated the associations between CLBP and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived vertebral bone mineral measures acquired from postero-anterior and lateral-projections, among community-dwelling, middle-aged adults., Methods: Twenty-nine adults with CLBP (11 male, 18 female) and 42 adults with no history of LBP in the preceding year (17 male, 25 female) were evaluated. Self-reported demographic and clinical data were collected via questionnaires. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured in the lumbar spine by DXA. Apparent volumetric (ap.v) BMD in the lumbar spine was also calculated. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine associations between study group (CLBP and control) and vertebral DXA variables by gender, adjusting for height, mass and age., Results: There was no difference between groups by gender in anthropometrics or clinical characteristics. In the CLBP group, the mean (SD) duration of CLBP was 13.3 (10.4) years in males and 11.6 (9.9) years in females, with Oswestry Disability Index scores of 16.2 (8.7)% and 15.4 (9.1)%, respectively. Males with CLBP had significantly lower adjusted lateral-projection aBMD and lateral-projection ap.vBMD than controls at L3 with mean differences (standard error) of 0.09 (0.04) g/cm2 (p = 0.03) and 0.02 (0.01) g/cm3 (p = 0.04). These multivariate models accounted for 55% and 53% of the variance in lateral-projection L3 aBMD and lateral-projection L3 ap.vBMD., Conclusions: CLBP in males is associated with some lumbar vertebral BMD measures, raising important questions about the mechanism and potential clinical impact of this association.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Low back pain in 17 year olds has substantial impact and represents an important public health disorder: a cross-sectional study.
- Author
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O'Sullivan PB, Beales DJ, Smith AJ, and Straker LM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Chronic Disease epidemiology, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status, Humans, Low Back Pain physiopathology, Male, Quality of Life, Western Australia epidemiology, Low Back Pain epidemiology, Public Health
- Abstract
Background: Prevalence of low back pain (LBP) rises rapidly during adolescence, reaching adult levels by the age of 18. It has been suggested that adolescent LBP is benign with minimal impact, despite limited evidence., Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of LBP and the influence of chronicity, gender and presence of other spinal pain comorbidities at age 17. Subjects (n=1283) were categorised according to experiencing current and chronic LBP, gender and presence of other areas of spinal pain. LBP impact was ascertained via questions regarding seeking professional assistance, using medication, missing school/work, limited normal or recreational physical activity and health related quality of life (HRQOL)., Results: 12.3% of participants reported current but not chronic LBP, while 19.9% reported current chronic LBP. LBP was more commonly reported by females than males. Other spinal pain comorbidities were common in the LBP groups. Impact was greater in subjects with chronic LBP, in females and in those with other spinal pain comorbidities., Conclusion: LBP, and particularly chronic LBP, has a significant negative impact at 17 years. It is commonly associated with care seeking, medication use, school absenteeism, and reduced HRQOL. These findings support that adolescent LBP is an important public health issue that requires attention.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trial of the impact of virtual reality games on motor competence, physical activity, and mental health in children with developmental coordination disorder.
- Author
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Straker LM, Campbell AC, Jensen LM, Metcalf DR, Smith AJ, Abbott RA, Pollock CM, and Piek JP
- Subjects
- Child, Cross-Over Studies, Humans, Mental Health, Motor Activity, Motor Skills Disorders rehabilitation, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Motor Skills Disorders psychology, Psychomotor Performance, Research Design, User-Computer Interface, Video Games
- Abstract
Background: A healthy start to life requires adequate motor development and physical activity participation. Currently 5-15% of children have impaired motor development without any obvious disorder. These children are at greater risk of obesity, musculoskeletal disorders, low social confidence and poor mental health. Traditional electronic game use may impact on motor development and physical activity creating a vicious cycle. However new virtual reality (VR) game interfaces may provide motor experiences that enhance motor development and lead to an increase in motor coordination and better physical activity and mental health outcomes. VR games are beginning to be used for rehabilitation, however there is no reported trial of the impact of these games on motor coordination in children with developmental coordination disorder., Methods: This cross-over randomised and controlled trial will examine whether motor coordination is enhanced by access to active electronic games and whether daily activity, attitudes to physical activity and mental health are also enhanced. Thirty children aged 10-12 years with poor motor coordination (≤ 15th percentile) will be recruited and randomised to a balanced ordering of 'no active electronic games' and 'active electronic games'. Each child will participate in both conditions for 16 weeks, and be assessed prior to participation and at the end of each condition. The primary outcome is motor coordination, assessed by kinematic and kinetic motion analysis laboratory measures. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour will be assessed by accelerometry, coordination in daily life by parent report questionnaire and attitudes to physical activity, self-confidence, anxiety and depressed mood will be assessed by self report questionnaire. A sample of 30 will provide a power of > 0.9 for detecting a 5 point difference in motor coordination on the MABC-2 TIS scale (mean 17, sd = 5)., Discussion: This is the first trial to examine the impact of new virtual reality games on motor coordination in children with developmental coordination disorder. The findings will provide critical information to understand whether these electronic games can be used to have a positive impact on the physical and mental health of these children. Given the importance of adequate motor coordination, physical activity and mental health in childhood, this project can inform interventions which could have a profound impact on the long term health of this group of children., Trial Registration: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12611000400965.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Individuals with chronic low back pain have greater difficulty in engaging in positive lifestyle behaviours than those without back pain: an assessment of health literacy.
- Author
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Briggs AM, Jordan JE, O'Sullivan PB, Buchbinder R, Burnett AF, Osborne RH, and Straker LM
- Subjects
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Cohort Studies, Female, Health Literacy trends, Health Surveys methods, Humans, Life Style, Low Back Pain psychology, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic trends, Young Adult, Attitude to Health, Low Back Pain prevention & control, Low Back Pain rehabilitation, Risk Reduction Behavior
- Abstract
Background: Despite the large volume of research dedicated to understanding chronic low back pain (CLBP), patient outcomes remain modest while healthcare costs continue to rise, creating a major public health burden. Health literacy - the ability to seek, understand and utilise health information - has been identified as an important factor in the course of other chronic conditions and may be important in the aetiology of CLBP. Many of the currently available health literacy measurement tools are limited since they measure narrow aspects of health literacy. The Health Literacy Measurement Scale (HeLMS) was developed recently to measure broader elements of health literacy. The aim of this study was to measure broad elements of health literacy among individuals with CLBP and without LBP using the HeLMS., Methods: Thirty-six community-dwelling adults with CLBP and 44 with no history of LBP responded to the HeLMS. Individuals were recruited as part of a larger community-based spinal health study in Western Australia. Scores for the eight domains of the HeLMS as well as individual item responses were compared between the groups., Results: HeLMS scores were similar between individuals with and without CLBP for seven of the eight health literacy domains (p > 0.05). However, compared to individuals with no history of LBP, those with CLBP had a significantly lower score in the domain 'Patient attitudes towards their health' (mean difference [95% CI]: 0.46 [0.11-0.82]) and significantly lower scores for each of the individual items within this domain (p < 0.05). Moderate effect sizes ranged from d = 0.47-0.65., Conclusions: Although no differences were identified in HeLMS scores between the groups for seven of the health literacy domains, adults with CLBP reported greater difficulty in engaging in general positive health behaviours. This aspect of health literacy suggests that self-management support initiatives may benefit individuals with CLBP.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Neck/shoulder pain in adolescents is not related to the level or nature of self-reported physical activity or type of sedentary activity in an Australian pregnancy cohort.
- Author
-
Briggs AM, Straker LM, Bear NL, and Smith AJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cohort Studies, Computers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Neck Pain diagnosis, Odds Ratio, Pain Measurement, Pregnancy, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Shoulder Pain diagnosis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Television, Time Factors, Western Australia, Life Style, Motor Activity, Neck Pain etiology, Shoulder Pain etiology
- Abstract
Background: An inconsistent relationship between physical activity and neck/shoulder pain (NSP) in adolescents has been reported in the literature. Earlier studies may be limited by not assessing physical activity in sufficient detail. The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the association between NSP and the level and nature of physical activity, and type of sedentary activity in adolescents., Methods: A cross-sectional analysis using data from 924 adolescents in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (RAINE) study was performed. Complete data were available for 643 adolescents (54.6% female) at the 14-year follow-up. Physical activity was measured using a detailed self-report electronic activity diary requiring participants to input details of all physical activities over the day in segments of 5 minutes for a one-week period. Physical activity levels were categorised as: sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous based on metabolic energy equivalents. Nature of activity was determined by assigning each activity to categories based on the amount of movement (static/dynamic) and the main posture assumed for the activity (standing/sitting/lying). Type of sedentary activity was characterised by exposure time to watching TV, using a computer, and reading. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between NSP and activity., Results: Females reported a higher prevalence of lifetime, 1-month and chronic NSP than males (50.9 vs 41.7%, 34.1 vs 23.5%, and 9.2 vs 6.2% respectively). No consistent, dose-response relationship was found between NSP and the level, nature, and type of physical activity., Conclusion: Self-reported one month and lifetime NSP prevalence in adolescents is not related to the level or intensity of physical activity or the type of sedentary activity over a one week period.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factors in children, adolescents and adults. A systematic review.
- Author
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Briggs AM, Smith AJ, Straker LM, and Bragge P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Age Factors, Back Pain etiology, Back Pain psychology, Child, Female, Humans, Incidence, Life Style, Male, Mental Health, Pain Measurement, Posture, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Thoracic Vertebrae, Back Pain epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Thoracic spine pain (TSP) is experienced across the lifespan by healthy individuals and is a common presentation in primary healthcare clinical practice. However, the epidemiological characteristics of TSP are not well documented compared to neck and low back pain. A rigorous evaluation of the prevalence, incidence, correlates and risk factors needs to be undertaken in order for epidemiologic data to be meaningfully used to develop evidence-based prevention and treatment recommendations for TSP., Methods: A systematic review method was followed to report the evidence describing prevalence, incidence, associated factors and risk factors for TSP among the general population. Nine electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies that reported either prevalence, incidence, associated factors (cross-sectional study) or risk factors (prospective study) for TSP in healthy children, adolescents or adults. Studies were evaluated for level of evidence and method quality., Results: Of the 1389 studies identified in the literature, 33 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The mean (SD) quality score (out of 15) for the included studies was 10.5 (2.0). TSP prevalence data ranged from 4.0-72.0% (point), 0.5-51.4% (7-day), 1.4-34.8% (1-month), 4.8-7.0% (3-month), 3.5-34.8% (1-year) and 15.6-19.5% (lifetime). TSP prevalence varied according to the operational definition of TSP. Prevalence for any TSP ranged from 0.5-23.0%, 15.8-34.8%, 15.0-27.5% and 12.0-31.2% for 7-day, 1-month, 1-year and lifetime periods, respectively. TSP associated with backpack use varied from 6.0-72.0% and 22.9-51.4% for point and 7-day periods, respectively. TSP interfering with school or leisure ranged from 3.5-9.7% for 1-year prevalence. Generally, studies reported a higher prevalence for TSP in child and adolescent populations, and particularly for females. The 1 month, 6 month, 1 year and 25 year incidences were 0-0.9%, 10.3%, 3.8-35.3% and 9.8% respectively. TSP was significantly associated with: concurrent musculoskeletal pain; growth and physical; lifestyle and social; backpack; postural; psychological; and environmental factors. Risk factors identified for TSP in adolescents included age (being older) and poorer mental health., Conclusion: TSP is a common condition in the general population. While there is some evidence for biopsychosocial associations it is limited and further prospectively designed research is required to inform prevention and management strategies.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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