1. N-acetylcysteine attenuates myocardial dysfunction and postischemic injury by restoring caveolin-3/eNOS signaling in diabetic rats.
- Author
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Su W, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Xu J, Zhan L, Zhu Q, Lian Q, Liu H, Xia ZY, Xia Z, and Lei S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cardiomegaly chemically induced, Cardiomegaly enzymology, Cardiomegaly physiopathology, Caveolae drug effects, Caveolae enzymology, Caveolae pathology, Caveolin 3 genetics, Cell Hypoxia, Cell Line, Cytoprotection, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental chemically induced, Diabetic Cardiomyopathies chemically induced, Diabetic Cardiomyopathies enzymology, Diabetic Cardiomyopathies physiopathology, Heart Rate drug effects, Male, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury chemically induced, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury enzymology, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury physiopathology, Myocytes, Cardiac enzymology, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III genetics, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Phosphorylation, RNA Interference, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Streptozocin, Transfection, Ventricular Function, Left drug effects, Acetylcysteine pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Cardiomegaly prevention & control, Caveolin 3 metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental drug therapy, Diabetic Cardiomyopathies prevention & control, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury prevention & control, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects
- Abstract
Background: Patients with diabetes are prone to develop cardiac hypertrophy and more susceptible to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which are concomitant with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and impaired endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)/NO signaling. Caveolae are critical in the transduction of eNOS/NO signaling in cardiovascular system. Caveolin (Cav)-3, the cardiomyocytes-specific caveolae structural protein, is decreased in the diabetic heart in which production of reactive oxygen species are increased. We hypothesized that treatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could enhance cardiac Cav-3 expression and attenuate caveolae dysfunction and the accompanying eNOS/NO signaling abnormalities in diabetes., Methods: Control or streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with NAC (1.5 g/kg/day, NAC) by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Rats in subgroup were randomly assigned to receive 30 min of left anterior descending artery ligation followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Isolated rat cardiomyocytes or H9C2 cells were exposed to low glucose (LG, 5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L) for 36 h before being subjected to 4 h of hypoxia followed by 4 h of reoxygenation (H/R)., Results: NAC treatment ameliorated myocardial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy, and attenuated myocardial I/R injury and post-ischemic cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. NAC attenuated the reductions of NO, Cav-3 and phosphorylated eNOS and mitigated the augmentation of O
2 - , nitrotyrosine and 15-F2t-isoprostane in diabetic myocardium. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated the colocalization of Cav-3 and eNOS in isolated cardiomyocytes. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that diabetic conditions decreased the association of Cav-3 and eNOS in isolated cardiomyocytes, which was enhanced by treatment with NAC. Disruption of caveolae by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or Cav-3 siRNA transfection reduced eNOS phosphorylation. NAC treatment attenuated the reductions of Cav-3 expression and eNOS phosphorylation in HG-treated cardiomyocytes or H9C2 cells. NAC treatment attenuated HG and H/R induced cell injury, which was abolished during concomitant treatment with Cav-3 siRNA or eNOS siRNA., Conclusions: Hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of eNOS activity might be consequences of caveolae dysfunction and reduced Cav-3 expression. Antioxidant NAC attenuated myocardial dysfunction and myocardial I/R injury by improving Cav-3/eNOS signaling.- Published
- 2016
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