25 results on '"L, Giovannini"'
Search Results
2. Cyclosporine-induced lipid peroxidation and propionyl carnitine protective effect.
- Author
-
Longoni B, Giovannini L, Migliori M, Bertelli AA, and Bertelli A
- Subjects
- Animals, Carnitine pharmacology, Drug Interactions, In Vitro Techniques, Kidney Cortex drug effects, Kidney Cortex metabolism, Rats, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacology, Carnitine analogs & derivatives, Cyclosporine pharmacology, Immunosuppressive Agents pharmacology, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects
- Abstract
Cell and tissue lipoperoxidation of the kidney induced by cyclosporine through the release of reactive oxygen species has recently been pointed out to be one of the factors responsible for the toxic phenomena related to the administration of cyclosporine. Our previous research on propionyl carnitine had shown an antilipoperoxidative effect of this substance on isolated cells such as erythrocytes and leukocytes, and also on the endothelial, vasal and cardiac tissues. In the experiments presented herein we also examined if propionyl carnitine could carry out its already well-known antilipoperoxidative effect in the renal tissue, and if this mechanism could be taken into consideration in order to explain the protective effect of propionyl carnitine against cyclosporine induced toxicity. Trials were carried out on isolated and perfused rat kidneys, and we were able to observe that propionyl carnitine exerted a protective action on toxic lipid peroxidation phenomena induced by cyclosporine. The results we obtained, together with other mechanisms which we had already proved regarding the intense protective activity of propionyl carnitine on cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity, complete the complex picture that describes the protective activity of propionyl carnitine against cyclosporine toxicity.
- Published
- 1999
3. Plasma, urine and tissue levels of trans- and cis-resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) after short-term or prolonged administration of red wine to rats.
- Author
-
Bertelli AA, Giovannini L, Stradi R, Bertelli A, and Tillement JP
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Male, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors administration & dosage, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Resveratrol, Stilbenes administration & dosage, Tissue Distribution, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, Stilbenes pharmacokinetics, Wine
- Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the absorption, the concentration in different organs and the excretion of natural trans- and cis-resveratrol after red wine oral administration to rats. A first group of animals was given a dose of 4 ml of red wine containing 6.5 mg/l of total resveratrol. The animals were sacrificed at different time intervals. A second group of rats was given a daily dose of 2 ml of red wine containing 6.5 mg/l of total resveratrol for fifteen days. Total resveratrol concentrations were measured in plasma, urine, heart, liver and kidney. Even though the amount of resveratrol found in these different tissues was lower than that required for pharmacological activity, it is possible that prolonged administration of red wine in the diet could lead to an increased resveratrol concentration in different tissues and this could explain its suggested beneficial role against coronary heart disease.
- Published
- 1996
4. Kinetics of trans- and cis-resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) after red wine oral administration in rats.
- Author
-
Bertelli AA, Giovannini L, Stradi R, Urien S, Tillement JP, and Bertelli A
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Biological Availability, Kidney metabolism, Liver metabolism, Male, Myocardium metabolism, ROC Curve, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Resveratrol, Stilbenes blood, Tissue Distribution, Stilbenes pharmacokinetics, Wine
- Abstract
Kinetics of trans- and cis-resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a natural compound from grape products, have been evaluated in rats after oral administration of red wine. Resveratrol concentrations were measured in plasma, heart, liver and kidneys. Tissue concentrations showed a significant cardiac bioavailability and strong affinity for liver and kidneys.
- Published
- 1996
5. Eliminant effects of calcitonin gene related peptide on the tubular epithelial cells in an isolated and perfused rat kidney.
- Author
-
Giovannini L, Palla R, Bertelli AA, Torri Tarelli L, Tazzari S, Migliori M, Scalori V, Panichi V, and Parrini M
- Subjects
- Acetylglucosaminidase drug effects, Acetylglucosaminidase metabolism, Animals, CD13 Antigens drug effects, CD13 Antigens metabolism, Epithelium drug effects, Epithelium ultrastructure, In Vitro Techniques, Kidney Tubules enzymology, Kidney Tubules ultrastructure, Male, Perfusion, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide pharmacology, Kidney Tubules drug effects
- Abstract
The effect of the infusion of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) on the renal structure and enzyme release from tubular epithelial cells was studied. This study was performed in the model of an isolated perfused kidney to avoid the systemic effects and complex hormonal and neuromediated interaction following the CGRP infusion in the intact experimental animal. After infusion of CGRP, the perfused kidney, studied by semiquantitative histology and electron microscopy, did not show any alteration at the glomerular level; however, important histological lesions were apparent at the proximal tubular level: the brush border was destroyed and the epithelial cells were markedly flattened. This structural damage to epithelial cells was confirmed by electron microscopy. The alanine amino peptidase (AAP) and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) were significantly increased in the effluent of the perfusion system, in confirmation of the histological damage. The direct toxic effect of CGRP on the tubular epithelial cells may be related to the reabsorption and tubular transport of this substance.
- Published
- 1995
6. Antiplatelet activity of synthetic and natural resveratrol in red wine.
- Author
-
Bertelli AA, Giovannini L, Giannessi D, Migliori M, Bernini W, Fregoni M, and Bertelli A
- Subjects
- Humans, Reference Values, Resveratrol, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors pharmacology, Stilbenes pharmacology, Wine analysis
- Abstract
The antiaggregating effect of the phytoalexin resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene), alone or associated with red wine, and polyphenol have been evaluated in vitro at different concentrations on platelet-rich plasma from healthy volunteers. Resveratrol at the concentration of 3.56 micrograms/l was able to lower platelet aggregation by 50.3% +/- 1.83. Red wine containing 1.2 mg/l of natural trans-resveratrol and 3.6 milligrams of polyphenols diluted 1000-fold (final resveratrol concentration: 1.2 micrograms/l) inhibited platelet aggregation by 41.9% +/- 2.11. By adding resveratrol to the wine up to a concentration of 1.2 micrograms/l, inhibition was raised to 78.5% +/- 4.70. These results suggest that the antiaggregating activity of resveratrol is related to its concentration in wine.
- Published
- 1995
7. Acute effects of calcitonin gene related peptide on renal haemodynamics and renin and angiotensin II secretion in patients with renal disease.
- Author
-
Palla R, Parrini M, Panichi V, Andreini B, De Pietro S, Migliori M, Bianchi AM, Giovannini L, Bertelli A, and Bertelli AA
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Hypertension complications, Hypertension drug therapy, Hypertension physiopathology, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Renal Insufficiency complications, Renal Insufficiency physiopathology, Time Factors, Angiotensin II metabolism, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide pharmacology, Hemodynamics drug effects, Renal Circulation drug effects, Renal Insufficiency drug therapy, Renin metabolism
- Abstract
The renal haemodynamic effects and renin-angiotensin II response to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) infusion were assessed in 16 patients with moderate hypertension and renal insufficiency. CGRP lowered the systemic mean blood pressure by 13% and increased the heart rate by 25%; the glomerular filtration rate rose from 56 +/- 11 ml/min to 71 +/- 8 ml/min (p < 0.005), the renal plasma flow decreased from 369 +/- 19 ml/min to 342 +/- 25 ml/min (p < 0.002) and the filtration fraction increased from 15 +/- 0.2% to 20 +/- 0.2%. Plasma renin activity rose stepwise during the CGRP infusion from 1.28 +/- 0.5 ng/ml/h to 1.66 +/- 0.4 and 1.89 +/- 0.4 ng/ml/h (p < 0.001). Angiotensin II showed a marked increase after 10 min of infusion (91.6 +/- 47.00 pg/ml) (control value 6.01 +/- 3.09 pg/ml) and at the end (28.63 +/- 16.00 pg/ml) (p < 0.001). CGRP exerts an apparently favourable effect on renal function of patients with renal insufficiency, but the observed increase of glomerular filtration rate is obtained by an increase of intraglomerular pressure secondary to angiotensin II production.
- Published
- 1995
8. Evaluation of calcitonin-gene related peptide on haemodynamics of isolated perfused rat kidney.
- Author
-
Giovannini L, Bertelli A, Bertelli AE, Scalori V, Parrini M, Panichi V, Cirami C, Bianchi AM, and Palla R
- Subjects
- Animals, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, In Vitro Techniques, Male, Perfusion, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide pharmacology, Hemodynamics drug effects, Kidney drug effects
- Abstract
Outside the central nervous system, calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in the control of regional blood flow. The present authors studied the renal haemodynamic effects of CGRP in the model of isolated perfused rat kidney (IPRK). This experimental model avoids the complex feed-back mechanisms activated by any modification of renal perfusion pressure. It was found that the infusion of CGRP in the IPRK induced a marked decrease of perfusion pressure; this vasoactive effect is well measured by the glomerular morphometric analysis that shows a striking increase in the glomerular diameter and volume.
- Published
- 1994
9. Effect of increasing doses of lisinopril on proteinuria of normotensive patients with IgA nephropathy and normal renal function.
- Author
-
Palla R, Panichi V, Finato V, Parrini M, Andreini B, Bianchi AM, Giovannini L, Migliori M, and Bertelli AA
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood Pressure drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Glomerulonephritis, IGA blood, Glomerulonephritis, IGA physiopathology, Humans, Lisinopril administration & dosage, Male, Middle Aged, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A blood, Blood Pressure physiology, Glomerulonephritis, IGA drug therapy, Kidney physiology, Lisinopril therapeutic use, Proteinuria drug therapy
- Abstract
The antiproteinuric effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in patients with renal disease is well known, but the results of clinical studies appear to vary considerably from a partial decrease to a fall of 100% in urinary protein excretion. This may have been due to the use of different doses of ACE inhibitor, different renal pathology and non-standardized sodium intake. In 16 proteinuric patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy, with normal renal function and blood pressure, maintained at controlled sodium intake < or = 80 mEqII, the efficacy of increasing doses of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril was studied. The lisinopril doses were 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg, administered for 4 weeks. Between each dose increment a placebo period of 3 weeks was interposed. Proteinuria stepwise decreased from the control period by 39%, 44%, 61% and 67% with lisinopril at 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg, respectively. The blood pressure decreased by 22% with lisinopril 5 mg; a similar fall was observed with the dose increment. Although the glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged, the renal plasma flow increased by 21%, 26%, 24% and 28% and the filtration fraction increased by 28% mean. The ACE plasma levels decreased by 33%, 64%, 76% and 83%. A close correlation was found between an increase in lisinopril dosage and the fall in urinary protein excretion (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). The antiproteinuric effect of lisinopril is dose-related and may be attributable to some extent to the fall in systemic (and intraglomerular) blood pressure, but it is best attributed to the modification of glomerular sieving function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1994
10. Role of endothelin-1 in carrageenin-induced inflammation.
- Author
-
Bertelli A, Clerico A, Chicca A, Giovannini L, Gorio A, and Romano MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Carrageenan, Endothelins metabolism, Inflammation chemically induced, Radioimmunoassay, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Reference Values, Endothelins physiology, Inflammation metabolism
- Abstract
Many vasal factors are produced during an experimental model of inflammation such as rat-paw oedema induced by carrageenin. We investigated whether among the other well-known mediators of inflammation, i.e. serotonin, PAF, eicosanoids and kinins, the peptide endothelin-1 is produced by this kind of inflammatory process caused by carrageenin. Our results indicated that plasma endothelin, and the tissue concentration of endothelin in the oedematous paw, is increased as compared to the control. Consequently, endothelin should also be considered as an important factor in inflammatory processes.
- Published
- 1992
11. Effect of ethanol chronic use on hepatotoxicity in rats exposed to tetrachloroethylene.
- Author
-
Giovannini L, Guglielmi G, Casini T, Bertelli A, Galmozzi E, and Bertelli AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weight drug effects, Cholesterol metabolism, Drug Interactions, Erythrocytes drug effects, Ethanol administration & dosage, Hemoglobins metabolism, Liver Diseases metabolism, Liver Diseases pathology, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Triglycerides metabolism, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Ethanol toxicity, Tetrachloroethylene toxicity
- Abstract
Tetrachloroethylene, an industrial halogenated solvent, shows several toxic effects. Also at hepatic level this substance can induce a damage but this effect is present only after high exposure, but such high levels have not been found in work environments. Using Wistar rats, we wanted to check whether the chronic administration of ethyl alcohol can modify the action of tetrachloroethylene. Tetrachloroethylene was administered by aerosol and alcohol at the concentration of 15% in drinking water. We observed an increase in plasma triglycerides, and evident histological alteration as a result of steatosis, in rats drinking alcohol as compared to a control group; the administration of tetrachloroethylene to rat drinkers of alcohol did not cause an increase in plasma triglycerides and steatosis as compared to rat drinkers of alcohol, but on the contrary we observed a decrease in alcohol-induced liver damage.
- Published
- 1992
12. Hyperbaric oxygen- and ethanol-induced infiltration of rat hepatic triglycerides and the protective action of coenzyme A.
- Author
-
Bertelli A, Cerrati A, Giovannini L, Mian M, Spaggiari P, and Bertelli AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Liver drug effects, Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic prevention & control, Male, Metabolic Diseases chemically induced, Metabolic Diseases prevention & control, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sulfhydryl Compounds pharmacology, Coenzyme A pharmacology, Ethanol toxicity, Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Liver metabolism, Triglycerides metabolism
- Abstract
The ethanol-induced increased synthesis of fatty acids in the liver is enhanced by hyperbaric oxygen exposure. Both lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion are involved in these hepatic alterations. Coenzyme A can intervene in these mechanisms. The administration of CoA prevents hepatic lipid infiltration and the glutathione reduction induced in the rats by ethanol and hyperbaric oxygen exposure.
- Published
- 1990
13. Plasma and tissue concentrations of coenzyme Q10 in the rat after intravenous, oral and topical administrations.
- Author
-
Scalori V, Alessandrì MG, Giovannini L, and Bertelli A
- Subjects
- Administration, Cutaneous, Administration, Oral, Animals, Coenzymes, Injections, Intravenous, Kidney enzymology, Liver enzymology, Male, Myocardium enzymology, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Skin Absorption, Ubiquinone administration & dosage, Ubiquinone blood, Ubiquinone pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) distribution into rat liver, heart, kidney and plasma was investigated after intravenous and oral administrations in different vehicles. Moreover, CoQ10 skin levels following topical treatment were evaluated. The liver represented the target organ for this compound in all the cases examined. In the heart, high and persistent CoQ10 concentrations were achieved particularly after solution injection while, following oral treatment, high doses of the drug were needed to reach the same CoQ10 levels. High concentrations of CoQ10 may be achieved also in the skin by topical treatment.
- Published
- 1990
14. Protective synergic effect of coenzyme Q10 and carnitine on hyperbaric oxygen toxicity.
- Author
-
Bertelli A, Bertelli AA, Giovannini L, and Spaggiari P
- Subjects
- Animals, Coenzymes, Drug Synergism, Drug Therapy, Combination, Male, Mice, Seizures etiology, Seizures prevention & control, Carnitine therapeutic use, Hyperbaric Oxygenation adverse effects, Ubiquinone therapeutic use
- Abstract
The comparative biochemical activities of coenzyme Q10 and carnitine can explain the protective synergistic effect of combination of these two substances in preventing the hyperbaric oxygen toxicity in mice. Both convulsions and mortality percentages are more significantly reduced in treated animals with these two substances in combination rather than separately.
- Published
- 1990
15. Protective action of coenzyme A on paracetamol-induced tissue depletion of glutathione.
- Author
-
Bertelli A, Bertelli AA, Giovannini L, Mian M, and Spaggiari P
- Subjects
- Animals, Coenzyme A chemistry, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Kidney drug effects, Liver drug effects, Male, Rats, Sulfhydryl Compounds analysis, Sulfhydryl Compounds pharmacology, Acetaminophen toxicity, Coenzyme A pharmacology, Glutathione metabolism, Kidney metabolism, Liver metabolism
- Abstract
Paracetamol toxicity induced in mice a significant depletion in hepatic and renal glutathione concentrations. The administration of CoA in animals prevents the mortality induced by paracetamol and simultaneously prevents the reduction in renal and hepatic glutathione concentrations.
- Published
- 1990
16. Synergic and complementary effects of L-carnitine and coenzyme Q on long-chain fatty acid metabolism and on protection against anthracycline damage.
- Author
-
Conte A, Palmieri L, Ronca G, Giovannini L, and Bertelli A
- Subjects
- Animals, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cattle, Doxorubicin antagonists & inhibitors, Drug Synergism, In Vitro Techniques, Leucine metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidoreductases metabolism, Oxygen Consumption drug effects, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic antagonists & inhibitors, Carnitine pharmacology, Fatty Acids metabolism, Mitochondria, Heart drug effects, Ubiquinone pharmacology
- Abstract
Exogenous L-carnitine and coenzyme Q are used to protect the heart against anthracycline damage and to enhance energy metabolism in the heart and in the muscle. Though their metabolic function is well known and their effects on anthracycline damage have been largely studied, their combined action has not been investigated. Therefore we have used partially CoQ-depleted bovine mitochondria to evaluate the synergic action of CoQ and carnitine on palmitoylCoA oxidation, as an experimental model in which either CoQ or L-carnitine may be the limiting factor in the oxidation of activated fatty acids. The protective effect exerted by the combined use of L-carnitine and CoQ against damage by the anthracycline derivative doxorubicin has been compared to the protection exerted by each compound alone. The effect was evaluated by assessing oxygen consumption and 14C-leucine incorporation in rat heart slices. The results obtained suggest that the administration of an association of L-carnitine and CoQ exerts a stronger protection against anthracycline damage and induces a greater utilization of fatty acids as compared to the effects of each compound alone.
- Published
- 1990
17. Protection of adenylate pool and energy charge by L-carnitine and coenzyme Q during energy depletion in rat heart slices.
- Author
-
Conte A, Palmieri L, Ronca G, Giovannini L, and Bertelli A
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Hypoxia drug effects, In Vitro Techniques, Male, Myocardium metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rotenone pharmacology, Adenine Nucleotides metabolism, Carnitine pharmacology, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Heart drug effects, Ubiquinone pharmacology
- Abstract
The effect of coenzyme Q, of L-carnitine, and of their combination, on the adenine nucleotide pool and the energy charge has been investigated in rat heart slices subjected to energy depletion and recovery. The addition of coenzyme Q or of L-carnitine alone results in a higher value of the energy charge and of the adenine nucleotide pool after hypoxia, reperfusion and rotenone inhibition of the respiratory chain, as compared to controls without additions. The protective effect is much stronger when the two compounds are given together.
- Published
- 1990
18. Skin penetration of CoQ10 in the rat.
- Author
-
Giovannini L, Bertelli AA, Scalori V, Dell'Osso L, Alessandrì MG, and Mian M
- Subjects
- Absorption, Administration, Topical, Animals, Coenzymes, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Time Factors, Ubiquinone pharmacokinetics, Skin metabolism, Ubiquinone analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Skin penetration of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was investigated after topical treatment in the rat. The drug was suspended in olive oil and administered at two different concentrations. Coenzyme levels were found to be directly related to the concentrations employed and the contact time. CoQ10 topical treatment might therefore be proposed as a good pharmacological tool in dermatology and cosmetology.
- Published
- 1988
19. Plasma and tissue concentrations of coenzyme Q10 in the rat after its oral administration.
- Author
-
Scalori V, Alessandrì MG, Mian M, Giovannini L, and Bertelli AA
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Coenzymes, Kidney metabolism, Liver metabolism, Male, Myocardium metabolism, Osmolar Concentration, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Time Factors, Ubiquinone administration & dosage, Ubiquinone blood, Ubiquinone pharmacokinetics, Ubiquinone analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) kinetics was investigated in rat tissues after oral treatment. CoQ10 passes quickly from plasma into the tissue examined, reaching levels higher than physiological ones; the liver shows the maximal CoQ10 concentrations. Our results indicate that oral treatment makes it possible to obtain good tissue levels of CoQ10 that might be of clinical value against endogenous CoQ10 insufficiencies due either to pathological alterations and/or to drug administration.
- Published
- 1988
20. Evaluation and comparison of radioimmunoassay methods using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies for the assay of cyclosporine in blood samples.
- Author
-
Zucchelli GC, Clerico A, Pilo A, Masini S, Zoppi F, Bovati ML, Gazzetti P, Giovannini L, and Bertelli AA
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Heart Transplantation, Humans, Kidney Transplantation, Liver Transplantation, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Radioimmunoassay methods, Reproducibility of Results, Cyclosporins blood
- Abstract
Results obtained measuring blood Cyclosporine A (CsA) concentrations in transplanted patients (124 samples of cardiac, 20 samples of liver, and 10 samples of kidney transplanted patients) by the use of two monoclonal radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods have been compared with those found using the HPLC technique (considered as the reference method) and two polyclonal RIAs. In addition, results on quality control samples collected in a multicentre collaborative study for CsA assay from the users of the same monoclonal and polyclonal RIAs were analysed to evaluate the performance of the methods under study. Polyclonal RIAs, which measure both the parent molecule and its metabolites, produced results 1.5-3 times higher than HPLC or monoclonal RIAs. On the contrary the two RIAs, which use monoclonal antibodies specific for CsA, show a better correlation with HPLC; these RIAs, which measure the intact drug molecule only, are recommended when the monitoring of the native molecule of CsA is requested. As far as the reproducibility is concerned, the four RIAs (both polyclonal and monoclonal) exhibit an unsatisfactory degree of between-assay and between-lab precision, since the coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 19.4% to 23.1%.
- Published
- 1989
21. PAF-induced histamine release in the isolated perfused rat kidney.
- Author
-
Alessandrì MG, Giovannini L, Mian M, Palla R, Gattai V, Ciangherotti A, and Bertelli A
- Subjects
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, In Vitro Techniques, Kidney drug effects, Kidney pathology, Male, Perfusion, Platelet Activating Factor administration & dosage, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Time Factors, Histamine Release drug effects, Kidney physiology, Platelet Activating Factor physiology
- Abstract
The platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to stimulate the release of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and 5HT from a number of cell types. In this work we studied the effects of bolus injections of PAF on the isolated perfused rat kidney. Results showed histological damage at the proximal-tubule level and a significant histamine release.
- Published
- 1988
22. Enzymuria in aminoglycoside-induced kidney damage. Comparative study of gentamicin, amikacin, sisomicin and netilmicin.
- Author
-
Palla R, Marchitiello M, Tuoni M, Cirami C, Giovannini L, Bertelli AA, and Bertelli A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Creatinine urine, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proteinuria enzymology, Proteinuria urine, Urinary Tract Infections drug therapy, Urinary Tract Infections enzymology, Amikacin adverse effects, Gentamicins adverse effects, Glucosidases urine, Kanamycin analogs & derivatives, Kidney drug effects, Muramidase urine, Netilmicin adverse effects, Sisomicin adverse effects, alpha-Glucosidases urine, gamma-Glutamyltransferase urine
- Abstract
Forty-one patients with urinary tract infections were randomly assigned to receive for six days gentamicin, amikacin, sisomicin or netilmicin. The dose for each patient was calculated according to creatinine clearance and lean body mass in order to avoid overdosages. Urinary enzymes (alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and muramidase), serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, proteinuria and urinary sediment were evaluated for nephrotoxicity. None of the patients developed nephrotoxicity, but urinary enzymes rose significantly in all. The statistical analysis of enzymuria during the treatment permitted the definition of a rank order of the nephrotoxic potential of the aminoglycosides studied.
- Published
- 1985
23. Tissue concentrations of coenzyme Q in liver of rats intoxicated by carbon tetrachloride.
- Author
-
Bertelli A, Giovannini L, Bertelli AA, Maltinti G, Scalori V, and Romano MR
- Subjects
- Animals, Coenzymes, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Ubiquinone metabolism, Ubiquinone pharmacology, Carbon Tetrachloride toxicity, Liver drug effects, Ubiquinone analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
The protective action of hepatic cells of the coenzyme CoQ10 was checked against the well-known hepatolesive agent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). It was found that CoQ10 pretreatment strongly reduced the CCl4-induced lesions in rat liver. The most important of these lesions was a marked steatosis, together with focal necrosis, Kupffer-cell reaction and signs of phlogosis and fibroblastic proliferation. The protective effects of CoQ10 seemed to be dose-dependent. The variation of CoQ9 concentration in the liver was not significant at any of the doses used.
- Published
- 1986
24. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and alpha-glycosidase released by PAF in isolated perfused rat kidney.
- Author
-
Giovannini L, Mian M, Alessandrì MG, Galligani P, and Bertelli AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Kidney enzymology, Male, Perfusion, Platelet Activating Factor administration & dosage, Platelet Activating Factor toxicity, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Time Factors, Acetylglucosaminidase metabolism, Hexosaminidases metabolism, Kidney metabolism, Platelet Activating Factor physiology, alpha-Glucosidases metabolism
- Abstract
The action of PAF is involved in various biological activities, including alterations at the renal level. Previous experiments of ours have shown that PAF is capable of inducing histamine release at this level, and causing histological damage in the isolated perfused rat kidney. On the basis of these observations, the same experimental model was used to evaluate the release of enzymes such as NAG and alpha-glycosidase, which are precocious markers of renal damage. Results show that both NAG and alpha-glycosidase increase after PAF administration.
- Published
- 1988
25. Plasma and tissue concentrations of coenzyme Q10 in the rat after intravenous administration by a microsphere delivery system or in a new type of solution.
- Author
-
Alessandrì MG, Scalori V, Giovannini L, Mian M, and Bertelli AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Coenzymes, Injections, Intravenous, Kidney metabolism, Liver metabolism, Male, Microspheres, Myocardium metabolism, Osmolar Concentration, Polyethylene Glycols, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Solutions, Time Factors, Ubiquinone administration & dosage, Ubiquinone blood, Ubiquinone pharmacokinetics, Ubiquinone analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) distribution into rat liver, heart, kidney, and plasma was investigated after intravenous administration in microsphere delivery system and in solution. The liver represented the target organ for this compound in both cases. Higher plasma levels of CoQ10 were achieved after solution treatment. No significant differences were detected in the other tissues examined.
- Published
- 1988
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