Search

Aim: There is a lack of investigation into the functional developmental profile of children with Down syndrome. On the basis of current international health paradigms, the purpose of this study was to assess the developmental profile of these children., Method: Sixty children (33 males, 27 females) with Down syndrome (age range 6-16y; mean age 9y 3mo, SD 28.8mo), who had received standard, holistic, early intervention, were assessed. Of these, 42 (70%) had congenital anomalies, 12 had severe congenital heart defects. Participants were assessed on measures of cognitive function (Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale) and participation (Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales)., Results: No difference was found on any measure on the basis of severity of congenital anomaly. Results showed improvements in age-related body function and correlations between specific body functions and participation. No decline in IQ was found with age, and significant correlations between IQ and all other measures were noted. Although sex differences were found in the body functions of short-term memory and motor function, no difference in measures of activity performance and participation was found., Interpretation: Our findings emphasize the need for paediatric Down syndrome intervention to encourage improved body functions while emphasizing the acquisition of functional skills that enable enhanced participation in age-appropriate activities.

In order to clarify the prognosis of benign congenital hypotonia (BCH), 25 children aged 6 to 8 years who had been diagnosed with BCH as infants were examined on a variety of sensory, perceptual-motor, and behavioural measures and compared with 26 control children. There were no significant differences between the two groups on any of the medical or neurological measures of the Touwen Neurological Examination (Touwen 1979), nor were there significant overall differences on any of the sensory or behavioural measures. However, the BCH group showed inferior gross motor performance on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (Bruininks 1978). They scored significantly lower on the Gross Motor Composite, and performed worse on each of the four Gross Motor Subtests, reaching significance on two: Bilateral Coordination and Strength. The follow-up of children with BCH should continue even after the apparent resolution of the hypotonia, with particular attention to the gross motor aspects of performance.