68 results on '"Nehlig, A."'
Search Results
2. The debate on the treatment of neonatal seizures: Introductory remarks.
- Author
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Nehlig A and Sperling MR
- Subjects
- Humans, Infant, Newborn, Seizures therapy, Epilepsy, Infant, Newborn, Diseases therapy
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. An interview with Margherita Contento, 2022 Epilepsia Prize winner for clinical research.
- Author
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Nehlig A and Sperling MR
- Subjects
- Humans, Awards and Prizes, Epilepsy therapy
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. An interview with Carmen De Caro, 2022 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Basic Science.
- Author
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Nehlig A and Sperling MR
- Subjects
- Humans, Research, Awards and Prizes, Epilepsy genetics, Epilepsy therapy
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. An interview with Christian Meisel, 2021 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Clinical Research.
- Author
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Sperling MR and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Humans, Awards and Prizes, Epilepsy
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. An interview with Shruthi Iyer, 2021 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Basic Science Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A and Sperling MR
- Subjects
- Humans, Research, Awards and Prizes, Epilepsy
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. "Can we predict the future in epilepsy?"
- Author
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Nehlig A and Wiebe S
- Subjects
- Epilepsy physiopathology, Forecasting, Humans, Big Data, Congresses as Topic trends, Epilepsy diagnosis
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Seizures: About the right time to explore their mechanisms.
- Author
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Bernard C and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Humans, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Electroencephalography methods, Seizures diagnosis, Seizures physiopathology
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. An interview with Lyndsey Anderson, 2020 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Basic Science Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A and Sperling M
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research trends, Epilepsy genetics, Female, Humans, Awards and Prizes, Biomedical Research methods, Epilepsy drug therapy, Medical Laboratory Personnel trends, Medical Marijuana therapeutic use
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. An interview with Benjamin Tolchin, 2020 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Clinical Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A and Sperling MR
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research trends, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy psychology, Humans, Male, Psychophysiologic Disorders diagnosis, Psychophysiologic Disorders psychology, Awards and Prizes, Biomedical Research methods, Epilepsy therapy, Neurologists trends, Psychophysiologic Disorders therapy
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Can we improve the translational impact of experimental approaches in epilepsy?
- Author
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Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Animals, Translational Research, Biomedical, Disease Models, Animal, Epilepsy, Research Design, Seizures
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. An interview with Nicholas Couturier, 2019 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Basic Science Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A and Sperling M
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research, History, 21st Century, Humans, Ohio, Awards and Prizes, Epilepsy therapy
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. An interview with Suejen Perani, 2019 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Clinical Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A and Sperling M
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research, History, 21st Century, Humans, London, Neuroimaging, Awards and Prizes, Brain diagnostic imaging, Epilepsy diagnostic imaging
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. An interview with Kyle Thomson, 2018 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Basic Science Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A and Sperling M
- Subjects
- Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Humans, Research, Awards and Prizes, Epilepsy drug therapy
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. An interview with Divyanshu Dubey, 2018 Epilepsia Prize winner for clinical research.
- Author
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Sperling M and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Humans, Awards and Prizes, Clinical Studies as Topic, Epilepsy therapy
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Metabolomic characterization of human hippocampus from drug-resistant epilepsy with mesial temporal seizure.
- Author
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Detour J, Bund C, Behr C, Cebula H, Cicek EA, Valenti-Hirsch MP, Lannes B, Lhermitte B, Nehlig A, Kehrli P, Proust F, Hirsch E, and Namer IJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Drug Resistant Epilepsy diagnosis, Drug Resistant Epilepsy surgery, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe diagnosis, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe surgery, Female, Hippocampus surgery, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Male, Middle Aged, Temporal Lobe metabolism, Temporal Lobe pathology, Temporal Lobe surgery, Young Adult, Drug Resistant Epilepsy metabolism, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe metabolism, Hippocampus metabolism, Hippocampus pathology, Metabolomics methods
- Abstract
Objective: Within a complex systems biology perspective, we wished to assess whether hippocampi with established neuropathological features have distinct metabolome. Apparently normal hippocampi with no signs of sclerosis (noHS), were compared to hippocampal sclerosis (HS) type 1 (HS1) and/or type 2 (HS2). Hippocampus metabolome from patients with epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors (EANTs), namely, gangliogliomas (GGs) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs), was also compared to noHS epileptiform tissue., Methods: All patients underwent standardized temporal lobectomy. We applied
1 H high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS NMR) spectroscopy to 48 resected human hippocampi. NMR spectra allowed quantification of 21 metabolites. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis based on mutual information., Results: Clear distinct metabolomic profiles were observed between all studied groups. Sixteen and 18 expected metabolite levels out of 21 were significantly different for HS1 and HS2, respectively, when compared to noHS. Distinct concentration variations for glutamine, glutamate, and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) were observed between HS1 and HS2. Hippocampi from GG and DNT patients showed 7 and 11 significant differences in metabolite concentrations when compared to the same group, respectively. GG and DNT had a clear distinct metabolomic profile, notably regarding choline compounds, glutamine, glutamate, aspartate, and taurine. Lactate and acetate underwent similar variations in both groups., Significance: HRMAS NMR metabolomic analysis was able to disentangle metabolic profiles between HS, noHS, and epileptic hippocampi associated with EANT. HRMAS NMR metabolomic analysis may contribute to a better identification of abnormal biochemical processes and neuropathogenic combinations underlying mesial temporal lobe epilepsy., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2018 International League Against Epilepsy.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. An interview with Tiwalade Sobayo, 2017 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Basic Science Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A, Sperling M, and Mathern G
- Subjects
- Humans, Awards and Prizes, Biomedical Research trends, Deep Brain Stimulation, Epilepsy pathology, Epilepsy physiopathology, Epilepsy therapy
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. An interview with Sarah Weckhuysen, 2017 Epilepsia Prize Winner for Clinical Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A, Sperling M, and Mathern G
- Subjects
- Epilepsy therapy, GTPase-Activating Proteins genetics, Humans, Multiprotein Complexes metabolism, Mutation genetics, Repressor Proteins genetics, Tumor Suppressor Proteins genetics, Awards and Prizes, Biomedical Research trends, Epilepsy genetics, Multiprotein Complexes genetics
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Interview with Lena Nguyen, 2016 Epilepsia prize winner for Basic Science Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A, Sperling M, and Mathern G
- Subjects
- Animals, Awards and Prizes, Biomedical Research, Epilepsy metabolism, Epilepsy physiopathology
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. An interview with Saadet Mahmutoglu, 2016 Epilepsia prize winner for Clinical Research.
- Author
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Nehlig A, Sperling M, and Mathern G
- Subjects
- Humans, Awards and Prizes, Biomedical Research trends, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy therapy
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Interview with Matthew Diamond, 2014 Epilepsia prize winner.
- Author
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Diamond M, Mathern G, Nehlig A, and Sperling M
- Subjects
- Humans, Awards and Prizes, Biomedical Research trends, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy therapy
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Should consciousness describe seizures and what terms should be applied? Epilepsia's survey results.
- Author
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Mathern GW, Beninsig L, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Europe, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, North America, Online Systems, Attitude of Health Personnel, Consciousness physiology, Seizures classification, Seizures physiopathology
- Abstract
Objective: From May to September 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions on whether consciousness should be used in describing focal and generalized seizures, and what terms should be applied to describe focal seizures with loss of awareness and amnesia. This study reports the findings of that survey., Methods: Two questions asked if consciousness should be used to classify seizures and what terms should be applied. Another four questions addressed demographic information., Results: Of 209 individuals that started the poll, 147 (70.3%) completing it, and most that completed it were epileptologists (66%) from Europe (41%) and North America (27%). A majority (64%) indicated that the presence or absence of consciousness should be used to describe focal and generalized seizures, whereas 23% said it should not be used. When asked what term should be used to describe focal seizures with altered awareness and amnesia, 36% said focal impaired consciousness seizures (FICS), 30% selected complex partial seizures (CPS), and 16% answered focal dyscognitive seizures., Significance: This survey indicates that most responders prefer that consciousness be considered in the description of focal and generalized seizures, despite the difficulty in determining awareness clinically. Furthermore, responders could not agree on a single term that could be used to define focal seizures with loss of awareness and amnesia., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Reasons for discrepancy between incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in lower income countries: Epilepsia's survey results.
- Author
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Mathern GW, Beninsig L, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Data Collection, Humans, Incidence, Prevalence, Socioeconomic Factors, Developing Countries statistics & numerical data, Epilepsy epidemiology, Income
- Abstract
Objective: From July to August 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions that explained the discrepancy between the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in lower income countries. Data on cumulative incidence suggest a higher rate of active epilepsy than reported in lifetime prevalence surveys. This study reports the findings of that poll addressing the proposal in our Controversy in Epilepsy series that it could be from increased death rates., Methods: The survey consisted of a question addressing possible reasons to explain the discrepancy between the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy. Another four questions addressed demographic information., Results: There were 34 responders who completed the survey. Half (50%) of the responders felt that the discrepancy between cumulative incidence and lifetime prevalence was due to lack of uniform definitions and misclassification of patients in study design, 23.5% said the discrepancy was due to a higher mortality from diseases and conditions such as trauma and infections associated with epilepsy, 23.5% indicated that the stigma of epilepsy prevented people from acknowledging their disease in prevalence surveys, and 2.9% felt it was from poor access to qualified medical personal and utilization of medical treatments that increased death rates directly related to epilepsy., Significance: Within the limitations of sample size, the results of this survey support that the discrepancy between the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in lower income regions of the world is due to problems in acquiring the data and stigma rather than higher mortality from diseases associated with epilepsy and repeated seizures., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Global awareness and International Epilepsy Day.
- Author
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Mathern GW and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Awareness, Humans, Epilepsy, Internationality
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Fewer specialists support using medical marijuana and CBD in treating epilepsy patients compared with other medical professionals and patients: result of Epilepsia's survey.
- Author
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Mathern GW, Beninsig L, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Allied Health Personnel, Attitude to Health, Data Collection, Epilepsy psychology, Europe, General Practitioners, Humans, North America, Nurses, Public Opinion, Attitude of Health Personnel, Cannabidiol therapeutic use, Epilepsy drug therapy, Medical Marijuana therapeutic use, Neurology, Specialization
- Abstract
Objective: From May 20 to September 1 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions about the use of medical marijuana and cannabidiol (CBD) for people with epilepsy. This study reports the findings of that poll., Methods: The survey consisted of eight questions. Four questions asked if there were sufficient safety and efficacy data, whether responders would advise trying medical marijuana in cases of severe refractory epilepsy, and if pharmacologic grade compounds containing CBD should be available. Four questions addressed occupation, geographic region of residence, if responders had read the paper, and if they were International League Against Epilepsy/International Bureau for Epilepsy (ILAE/IBE) members., Results: Of 776 who started or completed the survey, 58% were patients from North America, and 22% were epileptologists and general neurologists from Europe and North America. A minority of epileptologists and general neurologists said that there were sufficient safety (34%) and efficacy (28%) data, and 48% would advise using medical marijuana in severe cases of epilepsy. By comparison, nearly all patients and the public said there were sufficient safety (96%) and efficacy (95%) data, and 98% would recommend medical marijuana in cases of severe epilepsy. General physicians, basic researchers, nurses, and allied health professions sided more with patients, saying that there were sufficient safety (70%) and efficacy (71%) data, and 83% would advise using marijuana in severe cases. A majority (78%) said there should be pharmacologic grade compounds containing CBD, and there were no differences between specialists, general medical personal, and patients and the public., Significance: This survey indicates that there is a wide disparity in opinion on the use of medical marijuana and CBD in the treatment of people with epilepsy, which varied substantially, with fewer medical specialists supporting its use compared with general medical personal, and patients and the public., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. From the editors: Epilepsia's survey on the necessity of the Wada test and intracranial electrodes for cortical mapping.
- Author
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Mathern GW, Beninsig L, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Electroencephalography, Epilepsy diagnosis, Health Surveys, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetoencephalography, Surveys and Questionnaires, Amobarbital, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex physiopathology, Epilepsy pathology
- Abstract
Objective: From April 4 to August 1, 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions related to the use of the Wada test and intracranial electrodes in localizing cortical functions for epilepsy surgery patients. This study reports the findings of that poll., Methods: The survey consisted of six questions. Two questions addressed: (1) If a Wada test was always necessary for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy; and (2) if magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data could replace intracranial electrodes in localizing cortical motor-sensory and language functions. Four questions addressed the type of medical personnel, geographic region of residence based on International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) regions, if responders had read the paper, and if they were ILAE/International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) members., Results: Of 115 that started the survey, 92 (80%) completed it, and most were epilepsy specialists (87%) from North America (49%) and Europe (28%). Of responders, 85% indicated that Wada tests were unnecessary for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery patients. There were differences based on residency, with 100% of those from Europe indicating that the Wada test was unnecessary compared with 75% of those from North America (p = 0.01). Of responders, 56% indicated that intracranial electrodes were necessary to localize functional cortex., Significance: This survey found that the majority considered the Wada test unnecessary for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery patients, with more of those from Europe saying it is not needed compared with North America. In addition, just over half indicated that intracranial electrodes are still needed to localize motor-sensory and language functions. These findings, although based on opinions, support that there are divergent views on the use of these procedures in epilepsy surgery patients that require additional study., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. From the editors: Epilepsia's 2014 Operational Definition of Epilepsy survey.
- Author
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Mathern GW, Beninsig L, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Humans, Research Report, Risk, Data Collection, Epilepsy drug therapy
- Abstract
Objective: From March 19 to June 30, 2014, Epilepsia conducted an open access online survey asking directed questions related to the 2014 Operational Definition of Epilepsy. This study reports the findings of that poll., Methods: The survey consisted of seven questions. Three questions addressed: (1) Criteria for when a person could be considered to have epilepsy after a single seizure; (2) if individuals with reflex seizures (unprovoked) have epilepsy; and (3) when epilepsy could be considered "resolved." Four added questions asked if responders were medical personal compared with patients and family members, geographic region of residence based on International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) regions, and if responders had read the paper and if they were ILAE/International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) members., Results: Of 476 that started the survey, 324 (68%) completed it. As recommended in the ILAE report, 43% agreed that if the chance of a second seizure after a first one was 61-90%, then a person could be considered to have epilepsy. More medical professionals agreed with the 61-90% criteria (55%) compared with patients (21%), while more patients indicated that epilepsy should only be defined after two unprovoked seizures (51%) compared with medical professionals (21%; p < 0.0001). The majority indicated that reflex seizures qualify a person as having epilepsy (79%). As recommended in the ILAE report, 51% agreed that the definition of a person with "resolved" epilepsy would be 10 years seizure-free and off medication for the last 5 years. More medical professionals agreed with this definition (59%) compared with patients (37%), while more patients indicated that epilepsy is never resolved (32%) compared with medical professionals (7%; p < 0.0001). There were no differences based on geographic residence., Significance: This survey found that the ILAE recommendations had the highest responses. However, there was clear disagreement with identified differences comparing medical personal with patients. These findings support the notion that there is a need and further opportunities for the ILAE to educate medical professionals and patients and their families on the 2014 Operational Definition of Epilepsy., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. SUDEP's health burden and when to talk about it.
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Mathern G, Nehlig A, and Hesdorffer DC
- Subjects
- Cost of Illness, Death, Sudden epidemiology, Humans, Death, Sudden etiology, Epilepsy mortality
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Anxiety and locomotion in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS): inclusion of Wistar rats as a second control.
- Author
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Marques-Carneiro JE, Faure JB, Cosquer B, Koning E, Ferrandon A, de Vasconcelos AP, Cassel JC, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Brain pathology, Brain Waves physiology, Disease Models, Animal, Electroencephalography, Exploratory Behavior physiology, Locomotion genetics, Male, Maze Learning, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Rats, Rats, Mutant Strains, Rats, Wistar, Anxiety etiology, Epilepsy, Absence complications, Epilepsy, Absence genetics, Gait Disorders, Neurologic etiology
- Abstract
Objective: The Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) is a genetic model, derived from Wistar rats by selective breeding. In all previous studies, GAERS were compared to their paired selected strain not expressing spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs), namely nonepileptic controls (NECs). Because the occurrence/absence of SWDs is of polygenic origin, some other traits could have been selected along with occurrence/absence of SWDs. Therefore, we explored the importance of using a second control group consisting in Wistar rats, the strain of origin of GAERS, in addition to NECs, on locomotion and anxiety in GAERS., Methods: A test battery encompassing home-cage, open-field, beam-walking and elevated plus-maze evaluations was used. In addition, stereologic analyses were performed to assess the volume of thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. The occurrence/absence of SWDs was determined in all three strains by electroencephalography (EEG) recording., Results: When compared to NECs and Wistars, GAERS displayed lower exploratory activity and fastened habituation to novelty. In the plus-maze, scores of GAERS and Wistars were similar, but NECs appeared significantly less anxious (possibly in association with increased amygdala volume); evidence for weaker anxiety in NECs was also found in the open-field evaluation. The volumetric study revealed increased thalamic volume in GAERS compared to both control groups. SWDs were present in all GAERS and in 80% of Wistars., Significance: Compared to the original Wistar strain as an additional control group, the selective breeding that generated the GAERS has no incidence on anxiety-related behavior, conversely to the selection of SWD suppression in NECs, in which anxiety is attenuated. These findings point to the importance of using a second control group composed of Wistar rats in studies characterizing the behavioral profile of GAERS. Thereby, possible confusions between occurrence/absence of SWDs and other features that come along with selection and/or differential brain development induced by the genetic mutations are reduced., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. From the editors: using consciousness to describe seizures and classify the epilepsies.
- Author
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Mathern GW and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Epilepsy diagnosis, Humans, Seizures diagnosis, Consciousness physiology, Epilepsy classification, Seizures classification
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. From the editors: our paper (first) anniversary and launching Epilepsia's new look.
- Author
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Mathern GW, Beninsig L, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Anniversaries and Special Events, Humans, Editorial Policies, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy therapy, Periodicals as Topic trends
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. From the editors: the discrepancy between accumulative incidence and lifetime prevalence of epilepsy.
- Author
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Mathern G and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Humans, Epilepsy economics, Epilepsy epidemiology, Global Health economics, Income
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Cannabidiol and medical marijuana for the treatment of epilepsy.
- Author
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Mathern G, Nehlig A, and Sperling M
- Subjects
- Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Cannabidiol therapeutic use, Epilepsy drug therapy, Medical Marijuana therapeutic use
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Interview with Cristina Roseti, 2013 Morris-Coole/Epilepsia prize winner (interview by Gary Mathern and Astrid Nehlig).
- Author
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Mathern G and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Awards and Prizes, Brain physiopathology, Epilepsy physiopathology, Receptors, GABA-A physiology
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Attention and executive functions in a rat model of chronic epilepsy.
- Author
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Faure JB, Marques-Carneiro JE, Akimana G, Cosquer B, Ferrandon A, Herbeaux K, Koning E, Barbelivien A, Nehlig A, and Cassel JC
- Subjects
- Animals, Anticonvulsants pharmacology, Brain drug effects, Brain physiopathology, Brain Mapping, Carbamates pharmacology, Cell Count, Epilepsy, Complex Partial chemically induced, Epilepsy, Complex Partial physiopathology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe chemically induced, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe physiopathology, Inhibition, Psychological, Lithium Carbonate, Neurons drug effects, Neurons physiology, Pattern Recognition, Visual drug effects, Pattern Recognition, Visual physiology, Pilocarpine, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Reaction Time drug effects, Reaction Time physiology, Serial Learning drug effects, Serial Learning physiology, Status Epilepticus chemically induced, Status Epilepticus physiopathology, Attention drug effects, Attention physiology, Disease Models, Animal, Epilepsy, Complex Partial psychology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe psychology, Executive Function drug effects, Executive Function physiology, Status Epilepticus psychology
- Abstract
Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy is a relatively frequent, invalidating, and often refractory neurologic disorder. It is associated with cognitive impairments that affect memory and executive functions. In the rat lithium-pilocarpine temporal lobe epilepsy model, memory impairment and anxiety disorder are classically reported. Here we evaluated sustained visual attention in this model of epilepsy, a function not frequently explored., Methods: Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to lithium-pilocarpine status epilepticus. Twenty of them received a carisbamate treatment for 7 days, starting 1 h after status epilepticus onset. Twelve controls received lithium and saline. Five months later, attention was assessed in the five-choice serial reaction time task, a task that tests visual attention and inhibitory control (impulsivity/compulsivity). Neuronal counting was performed in brain regions of interest to the functions studied (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, nucleus basalis magnocellularis, and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus)., Results: Lithium-pilocarpine rats developed motor seizures. When they were able to learn the task, they exhibited attention impairment and a tendency toward impulsivity and compulsivity. These disturbances occurred in the absence of neuronal loss in structures classically related to attentional performance, although they seemed to better correlate with neuronal loss in hippocampus. Globally, rats that received carisbamate and developed motor seizures were as impaired as untreated rats, whereas those that did not develop overt motor seizures performed like controls, despite evidence for hippocampal damage., Significance: This study shows that attention deficits reported by patients with temporal lobe epilepsy can be observed in the lithium-pilocarpine model. Carisbamate prevents the occurrence of motor seizures, attention impairment, impulsivity, and compulsivity in a subpopulation of neuroprotected rats., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. From the editors: Introducing Epilepsia's Controversy in Epilepsy series.
- Author
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Mathern G and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Animals, Editorial Policies, Humans, Epilepsy, Periodicals as Topic, Publishing, Research
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Editorial: reducing stigma by changing the name of epilepsy.
- Author
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Mathern G and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Humans, Epilepsy classification, Epilepsy ethnology, Social Stigma, Terminology as Topic
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Epilepsia editorial: publications by country.
- Author
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Mathern GW and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Research, Research Personnel, Epilepsy, Publications
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Issues related to development of antiepileptogenic therapies.
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Pitkänen A, Nehlig A, Brooks-Kayal AR, Dudek FE, Friedman D, Galanopoulou AS, Jensen FE, Kaminski RM, Kapur J, Klitgaard H, Löscher W, Mody I, and Schmidt D
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Anticonvulsants adverse effects, Child, Chronic Disease, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Approval, Drug Resistance, Drugs, Investigational adverse effects, Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U.S.), United States, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Drug Discovery, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Drugs, Investigational therapeutic use
- Abstract
Several preclinical proof-of-concept studies have provided evidence for positive treatment effects on epileptogenesis. However, none of these hypothetical treatments has advanced to the clinic. The experience in other fields of neurology such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has indicated several problems in the design of preclinical studies, which likely contribute to failures in translating the positive preclinical data to the clinic. The Working Group on "Issues related to development of antiepileptogenic therapies" of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the American Epilepsy Society (AES) has considered the possible problems that arise when moving from proof-of-concept antiepileptogenesis (AEG) studies to preclinical AEG trials, and eventually to clinical AEG trials. This article summarizes the discussions and provides recommendations on how to design a preclinical AEG monotherapy trial in adult animals. We specifically address study design, animal and model selection, number of studies needed, issues related to administration of the treatment, outcome measures, statistics, and reporting. In addition, we give recommendations for future actions to advance the preclinical AEG testing., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Epilepsy therapy development: technical and methodologic issues in studies with animal models.
- Author
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Galanopoulou AS, Kokaia M, Loeb JA, Nehlig A, Pitkänen A, Rogawski MA, Staley KJ, Whittemore VH, and Dudek FE
- Subjects
- Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Electroencephalography drug effects, Humans, Research Design, Video Recording, Anticonvulsants adverse effects, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Disease Models, Animal, Drugs, Investigational adverse effects, Drugs, Investigational therapeutic use, Epilepsy drug therapy, Translational Research, Biomedical
- Abstract
The search for new treatments for seizures, epilepsies, and their comorbidities faces considerable challenges. This is due in part to gaps in our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of most forms of epilepsy. An additional challenge is the difficulty in predicting the efficacy, tolerability, and impact of potential new treatments on epilepsies and comorbidities in humans, using the available resources. Herein we provide a summary of the discussions and proposals of the Working Group 2 as presented in the Joint American Epilepsy Society and International League Against Epilepsy Translational Workshop in London (September 2012). We propose methodologic and reporting practices that will enhance the uniformity, reliability, and reporting of early stage preclinical studies with animal seizure and epilepsy models that aim to develop and evaluate new therapies for seizures or epilepsies, using multidisciplinary approaches. The topics considered include the following: (1) implementation of better study design and reporting practices; (2) incorporation in the study design and analysis of covariants that may influence outcomes (including species, age, sex); (3) utilization of approaches to document target relevance, exposure, and engagement by the tested treatment; (4) utilization of clinically relevant treatment protocols; (5) optimization of the use of video-electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to best meet the study goals; and (6) inclusion of outcome measures that address the tolerability of the treatment or study end points apart from seizures. We further discuss the different expectations for studies aiming to meet regulatory requirements to obtain approval for clinical testing in humans. Implementation of the rigorous practices discussed in this report will require considerable investment in time, funds, and other research resources, which may create challenges for academic researchers seeking to contribute to epilepsy therapy discovery and development. We propose several infrastructure initiatives to overcome these barriers., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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41. Epilepsy biomarkers.
- Author
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Engel J Jr, Pitkänen A, Loeb JA, Dudek FE, Bertram EH 3rd, Cole AJ, Moshé SL, Wiebe S, Jensen FE, Mody I, Nehlig A, and Vezzani A
- Subjects
- Animals, Anticonvulsants adverse effects, Anticonvulsants economics, Brain physiopathology, Clinical Trials as Topic economics, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Progression, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical economics, Drug Resistance, Drugs, Investigational adverse effects, Drugs, Investigational economics, Electroencephalography drug effects, Epilepsy etiology, Epilepsy prevention & control, Humans, Precipitating Factors, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Biomarkers blood, Drug Discovery, Drugs, Investigational therapeutic use, Epilepsy drug therapy, Epilepsy physiopathology
- Abstract
A biomarker is defined as an objectively measured characteristic of a normal or pathologic biologic process. Identification and proper validation of biomarkers of epileptogenesis (the development of epilepsy) and ictogenesis (the propensity to generate spontaneous seizures) might predict the development of an epilepsy condition; identify the presence and severity of tissue capable of generating spontaneous seizures; measure progression after the condition is established; and determine pharmacoresistance. Such biomarkers could be used to create animal models for more cost-effective screening of potential antiepileptogenic and antiseizure drugs and devices, and to reduce the cost of clinical trials by enriching the trial population, and acting as surrogate markers to shorten trial duration. The objectives of the biomarker subgroup for the London Workshop were to define approaches for identifying possible biomarkers for these purposes. Research to identify reliable biomarkers may also reveal underlying mechanisms that could serve as therapeutic targets for the development of new antiepileptogenic and antiseizure compounds., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Introduction of new Editors-in-Chief, Epilepsia.
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Mathern GW and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Humans, Epilepsy, Publishing
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A comprehensive behavioral evaluation in the lithium-pilocarpine model in rats: effects of carisbamate administration during status epilepticus.
- Author
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Faure JB, Akimana G, Carneiro JE, Cosquer B, Ferrandon A, Geiger K, Koning E, Penazzi L, Cassel JC, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Animals, Antipsychotic Agents toxicity, Brain pathology, Cell Count, Disease Models, Animal, Lithium toxicity, Male, Maze Learning drug effects, Memory drug effects, Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal drug effects, Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal pathology, Muscarinic Agonists toxicity, Neurons drug effects, Neurons metabolism, Neurons pathology, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase metabolism, Pilocarpine toxicity, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Status Epilepticus chemically induced, Status Epilepticus pathology, Visual Perception drug effects, Anticonvulsants administration & dosage, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Carbamates administration & dosage, Status Epilepticus drug therapy, Status Epilepticus physiopathology
- Abstract
Purpose: Administration of carisbamate during status epilepticus (SE) prevents the occurrence of motor seizures in the lithium-pilocarpine model and leads in a subpopulation of rats to spike-and-wave discharges characteristic of absence epilepsy. Widespread neuroprotection accompanied this change in seizure expression. To assess whether these carisbamate-induced changes affected comorbidity, we used a large battery of behavioral tests in rats that had developed temporal lobe or absence-like seizures., Methods: Lithium-pilocarpine or saline was administered to 60 adult rats. Carisbamate (90 mg/kg) or diazepam and saline was given 1 h after SE onset, and repeated 8 h later and twice daily over 6 more days. Rats were video-monitored for 2 months. Subsequently, locomotor activity, anxiety, and various types of memory were assessed., Key Findings: In rats with motor seizures, treated or not with carisbamate, all features of behavior were impaired compared to controls. Rats exhibiting absence-like seizures after carisbamate treatment behaved as controls in all paradigms tested along with widespread neuroprotection., Significance: Carisbamate treatment leading to absence-like instead of temporal lobe seizures impressively prevented behavioral comorbidities reported by patients with epilepsy as the most disabling., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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44. Finding a better drug for epilepsy: antiepileptogenesis targets.
- Author
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Kobow K, Auvin S, Jensen F, Löscher W, Mody I, Potschka H, Prince D, Sierra A, Simonato M, Pitkänen A, Nehlig A, and Rho JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Diet, Ketogenic methods, Epigenomics methods, Epilepsy genetics, Epilepsy physiopathology, Humans, Stem Cell Transplantation methods, Anticonvulsants administration & dosage, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Drug Delivery Systems methods, Epilepsy drug therapy
- Abstract
For several decades, both in vitro and in vivo models of seizures and epilepsy have been employed to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS)-the defining hallmark of the epileptic brain. However, despite great advances in our understanding of seizure genesis, investigators have yet to develop reliable biomarkers and surrogate markers of the epileptogenic process. Sadly, the pathogenic mechanisms that produce the epileptic condition, especially after precipitating events such as head trauma, inflammation, or prolonged febrile convulsions, are poorly understood. A major challenge has been the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of known epileptic syndromes and the differential genetic susceptibilities exhibited by patients at risk. Therefore, it is unlikely that there is only one fundamental pathophysiologic mechanism shared by all the epilepsies. Identification of antiepileptogenesis targets has been an overarching goal over the last decade, as current anticonvulsant medications appear to influence only the acute process of ictogenesis. Clearly, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic interventions that are disease modifying-therapies that either completely or partially prevent the emergence of SRS. An important secondary goal is to develop new treatments that can also lessen the burden of epilepsy comorbidities (e.g., cognitive impairment, mood disorders) by preventing or reducing the deleterious changes during the epileptogenic process. This review summarizes novel antiepileptogenesis targets that were critically discussed at the XIth Workshop on the Neurobiology of Epilepsy (WONOEP XI) meeting in Grottaferrata, Italy. Further, emerging neurometabolic links among several target mechanisms and highlights of the panel discussion are presented., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2012 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. WONOEP XI: Workshop summary by the Scientific Organizing Committee.
- Author
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de Curtis M, Nehlig A, Noebels J, Sankar R, and Vezzani A
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy physiopathology, Epilepsy therapy
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The spectrum of anticonvulsant efficacy of retigabine (ezogabine) in animal models: implications for clinical use.
- Author
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Large CH, Sokal DM, Nehlig A, Gunthorpe MJ, Sankar R, Crean CS, Vanlandingham KE, and White HS
- Subjects
- Animals, Anticonvulsants adverse effects, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Carbamates adverse effects, Carbamates therapeutic use, Drug Synergism, Epilepsy classification, Humans, KCNQ Potassium Channels agonists, KCNQ Potassium Channels physiology, Neurons drug effects, Neurons physiology, Phenylenediamines adverse effects, Phenylenediamines therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Anticonvulsants pharmacology, Carbamates pharmacology, Disease Models, Animal, Epilepsy drug therapy, Phenylenediamines pharmacology
- Abstract
Retigabine [RTG (international nonproprietary name); ezogabine (EZG; U.S. adopted name)] is a first-in-class antiepileptic drug (AED) that reduces neuronal excitability by enhancing the activity of KCNQ (K(v)7) potassium (K(+)) channels. RTG/EZG has recently been approved by the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures. In this review we discuss the activity that RTG/EZG has demonstrated across a broad spectrum of in vitro/in vivo animal models of seizures, including generalized tonic-clonic, primary generalized (absence), and partial seizures, in addition to the compound's ability to resist and block the occurrence of seizures induced by a range of stimuli across different regions of the brain. The potency of RTG/EZG in models refractory to several conventional AEDs and the work done to assess antiepileptogenesis and neuroprotection are discussed. Studies that have evaluated the central nervous system side effects of RTG/EZG in animals are reviewed in order to compare these effects with adverse events observed in patients with epilepsy. Based on its demonstrated effect in a number of animal epilepsy models, the synergistic and additive activity of RTG/EZG with other AEDs supports its potential use in therapeutic combinations for different seizure types. The distinct mechanism of action of RTG/EZG from those of currently available AEDs, along with its broad preclinical activity, underscores the key role of KCNQ (K(v)7) K(+) channels in neuronal excitability, and further supports the potential efficacy of this unique molecule in the treatment of epilepsy., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2012 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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47. Excitatory action of GABA on immature neurons is not due to absence of ketone bodies metabolites or other energy substrates.
- Author
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Ben-Ari Y, Tyzio R, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Brain growth & development, Energy Metabolism physiology, In Vitro Techniques, Lactic Acid metabolism, Pyruvic Acid metabolism, Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters metabolism, Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2, Symporters metabolism, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism, K Cl- Cotransporters, Brain cytology, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Ketone Bodies metabolism, Neurons drug effects, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid pharmacology
- Abstract
Brain slices incubated with glucose have provided most of our knowledge on cellular, synaptic, and network driven mechanisms. It has been recently suggested that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excites neonatal neurons in conventional glucose-perfused slices but not when ketone bodies metabolites, pyruvate, and/or lactate are added, suggesting that the excitatory actions of GABA are due to energy deprivation when glucose is the sole energy source. In this article, we review the vast number of studies that show that slices are not energy deprived in glucose-containing medium, and that addition of other energy substrates at physiologic concentrations does not alter the excitatory actions of GABA on neonatal neurons. In contrast, lactate, like other weak acids, can produce an intracellular acidification that will cause a reduction of intracellular chloride and a shift of GABA actions. The effects of high concentrations of lactate, and particularly of pyruvate (4-5 mm), as used are relevant primarily to pathologic conditions; these concentrations not being found in the brain in normal "control" conditions. Slices in glucose-containing medium may not be ideal, but additional energy substrates neither correspond to physiologic conditions nor alter GABA actions. In keeping with extensive observations in a wide range of animal species and brain structures, GABA depolarizes immature neurons and the reduction of the intracellular concentration of chloride ([Cl(-)](i)) is a basic property of brain maturation that has been preserved throughout evolution. In addition, this developmental sequence has important clinical implications, notably concerning the higher incidence of seizures early in life and their long-lasting deleterious sequels. Immature neurons have difficulties exporting chloride that accumulates during seizures, leading to permanent increase of [Cl(-)](i) that converts the inhibitory actions of GABA to excitatory and hampers the efficacy of GABA-acting antiepileptic drugs., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2011 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Ketogenic diet exhibits neuroprotective effects in hippocampus but fails to prevent epileptogenesis in the lithium-pilocarpine model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in adult rats.
- Author
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Linard B, Ferrandon A, Koning E, Nehlig A, and Raffo E
- Subjects
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex drug effects, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Resistance, Electroencephalography drug effects, Electroencephalography statistics & numerical data, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe chemically induced, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe drug therapy, Humans, Lithium Chloride, Male, Pilocarpine, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Status Epilepticus chemically induced, Anticonvulsants pharmacology, Caloric Restriction methods, Diet, Ketogenic methods, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe prevention & control, Hippocampus drug effects, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Purpose: Although the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is increasing, none displays neuroprotective or antiepileptogenic properties that could prevent status epilepticus (SE)-induced drug-resistant epilepsy. Ketogenic diet (KD) and calorie restriction (CR) are proposed as alternative treatments in epilepsy. Our goal was to assess the neuroprotective or antiepileptogenic effect of these diets in a well-characterized model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy following initial SE induced by lithium-pilocarpine in adult rats., Methods: Seventy-five P50 male Wistar rats were fed a specific diet: normocalorie carbohydrate (NC), hypocalorie carbohydrate (HC), normocalorie ketogenic (NK), or hypocalorie ketogenic (HK). Rats were subjected to lithium-pilocarpine SE, except six NC to constitute a control group for histology (C). Four rats per group were implanted with epidural electrodes to record electroencephalography (EEG) during SE and the next six following days. From the seventh day, the animals were video-recorded 10 h daily to determine latency to epilepsy onset. Neuronal loss in hippocampus and parahippocampal cortices was analyzed 1 month after the first spontaneous seizure., Results: After lithium-pilocarpine injection, neither KD nor CR modified SE features or latency to epilepsy. In hippocampal layers, KD or CR exhibited a neuroprotective potential without cooperative effect. Parahippocampal cortices were not protected by the diets., Conclusion: The antiepileptic effect of KD and/or CR is overwhelmed by lithium-pilocarpine injection. The isolated protection of hippocampal layers induced by KD or CR or their association failed to modify the course of epileptogenesis., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2010 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. NIRS-measured oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin changes associated with EEG spike-and-wave discharges in a genetic model of absence epilepsy: the GAERS.
- Author
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Roche-Labarbe N, Zaaimi B, Mahmoudzadeh M, Osharina V, Wallois A, Nehlig A, Grebe R, and Wallois F
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Autoradiography, Disease Models, Animal, Electrocardiography methods, Heart Diseases etiology, Male, Plethysmography methods, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Respiration Disorders etiology, Electroencephalography methods, Epilepsy, Absence genetics, Epilepsy, Absence metabolism, Epilepsy, Absence physiopathology, Hemoglobins metabolism, Models, Genetic, Oxyhemoglobins metabolism, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
- Abstract
Purpose: Absence epilepsy may be severe and is frequently accompanied by cognitive delay, yet its metabolic/hemodynamic aspects have not been established. The Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) are an isomorphic, predictive, and homologous model of human absence epilepsy. We studied hemodynamic changes related to generalized spike-and-wave discharges (GSWDs) in GAERS by using a technique with high temporal resolution: near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We hypothesized that conflicting results from other techniques might be due to the averaging of a biphasic response such as the one we described in children., Methods: NIRS is particularly suitable for monitoring changes in the concentrations of oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin (HbO₂, HHb, and HbT), using the specific absorption properties of living tissues in the near infrared range. We obtained concomitant high quality electroencephalography (EEG)-NIRS recordings in six GAERS (total of 444 seizures), and tested whether the discharges were related to changes in cardiac or respiration rates., Results: The onset of GSWDs was preceded by a deactivation, followed by an activation that was possibly due to seizure-suppression mechanisms. The end was marked by a deactivation. The onset of GSWDs was associated with a decrease and the end with a brief increase in respiratory rate., Discussion: Our results differ partially from those of previous studies on hemodynamic aspects of GSWDs (many of which describe a simple deactivation), probably due to differences in temporal resolution and data processing; however, they are consistent with metabolic studies, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on WAG/Rij rats, and some results in children with absence epilepsy., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2010 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2010
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50. Effect of stage 2 kindling on local cerebral blood flow rates in rats with genetic absence epilepsy.
- Author
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Carçak N, Ferrandon A, Koning E, Aker RG, Ozdemir O, Onat FY, and Nehlig A
- Subjects
- Animals, Cerebrovascular Circulation physiology, Rats, Brain blood supply, Epilepsy, Absence genetics, Kindling, Neurologic physiology
- Abstract
Purpose: Genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) are resistant to the progression of kindling seizures. We studied local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) changes in brain regions involved in seizures in both GAERS and nonepileptic rats (NEC) to map the differences that may be related to the resistance to kindling., Methods: Electrodes were implanted in the amygdala of adult NEC and GAERS male rats, which were stimulated to reach stage 2. Quantitative autoradiographic measurements of LCBF were performed by the [(14)C]-iodoantipyrine ([(14)C]IAP) autoradiographic technique allowing the precise mapping of regional perfusion changes. LCBF rates were measured bilaterally in 43 brain regions. The tracer infusion lasted for 60 s and started at 15 s before seizure induction., Results: Rates of LCBF increased in stimulated GAERS and NEC groups compared to nonstimulated controls. The LCBF increase in stimulated GAERS was larger and more widespread than that observed in stimulated NEC. The LCBF increase in the somatosensory cortex, ventrobasal and anterior thalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, subthalamic nucleus, piriform, entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, amygdala, CA2 region of hippocampus, and substantia nigra was statistically significantly larger in stimulated GAERS compared to stimulated NEC rats., Conclusion: The results show that more brain regions are activated by kindling stimulation in GAERS. This widespread activation in GAERS involves the somatosensory cortex and thalamus, which are both known to be involved in the expression of absence seizures as well as numerous limbic regions thought not to play a role in the expression of absence seizures, suggesting an interaction between corticothalamocortical and limbic circuitries.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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