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Objectives: To develop an alternative healthcare benefit (called MediCaring) and to assess the preferences of older Medicare beneficiaries concerning this benefit, which emphasizes more home-based and supportive health care and discourages use of hospitalization and aggressive treatment. To evaluate the beneficiaries' ability to understand and make a choice regarding health insurance benefits; to measure their likelihood to change from traditional Medicare to the new MediCaring benefit; and to determine the short-term stability of that choice., Design: Focus groups of persons aged 65+ and family members shaped the potential MediCaring benefit. A panel of 50 national experts critiqued three iterations of the benefit. The final version was test marketed by discussing it with 382 older people (men > or = 75 years and women > or = 80 years) in their homes. Telephone surveys a few days later, and again 1 month after the home interview, assessed the potential beneficiaries' understanding and preferences concerning MediCaring and the stability of their responses., Settings: Focus groups were held in community settings in New Hampshire, Washington, DC, Cleveland, OH, and Columbia, SC. Test marketing occurred in New Hampshire, Cleveland, OH; Columbia, SC, and Los Angeles, CA., Participants: Focus group participants were persons more than 65 years old (11 focus groups), healthcare providers (9 focus groups), and family decision-makers (3 focus groups). Participants in the in-home informing (test marketing group) were persons older than 75 years who were identified through contact with a variety of services., Measurements: Demographics, health characteristics, understanding, and preferences., Results: Focus group beneficiaries between the ages of 65 and 74 generally wanted access to all possible medical treatment and saw MediCaring as a need of persons older than themselves. Those older than age 80 were mostly in favor of it. Test marketing participants understood the key points of the new benefit: 74% generally liked it, and 34% said they would take it now. Preferences were generally stable at 1 month. In multivariate regression, those preferring MediCaring were wealthier, more often white, more often living in senior housing, and using more homecare services. However, they were not more often in poor health or needing ADL assistance., Conclusions: Older persons aged more than 80 years can understand a health benefit choice; most liked the aims of a new supportive care benefit, and 34% would change immediately from Medicare to a supportive care benefit such as MediCaring,. These findings encourage further development of special programs of care, such as MediCaring, that prioritize comfort and support for the old old.

Objective: To address the question, "Is there enough overuse of Medicare reimbursement to hospitals that reallocation of excess could provide sufficient funds to enhance home care and community services?", Design: Simulation using data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) to estimate dollars that might be reallocated from hospital reimbursement., Participants: A total of 3577 persons aged 80 and older in a stratified sample of Medicare beneficiaries interviewed in September 1992 in the MCBS., Measurements: We ranked the United States hospital service areas' (HSAs) Medicare hospital discharge rates. We assigned the beneficiaries in the MCBS to the HSAs based on their residence zip codes. The hospitalization expenditures and mortality rates of MCBS respondents living in HSAs in each quartile were compared., Results: By reducing hospital utilization to the mean level now used by the lowest quartile of HSAs, $560 would be saved per Medicare beneficiary aged 80 or older (P=.004) with no difference in mortality rates. These savings could purchase 40 visiting nurse visits per year for those in need. Potential savings would be $152 per Medicare beneficiary if hospital utilization were reduced from that used by the highest quartile to the level of the lower three quartiles of HSAs, enough to purchase about 11 additional visiting nurse visits., Conclusion: This simulation suggests that the very old might safely receive less hospital care. Because relatively few older people need home and community services in a year, these per capita savings could be reallocated to purchase many services for those having the greatest need.