1. Environmental factors of celiac disease: Cytotoxicity of hulled wheat species Triticum mpnococcum, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum and T. aestivum ssp. spelta
- Author
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Olimpia Vincentini, Norberto Pogna, Mariarita Dessì, Francesca Maialetti, Massimo De Vincenzi, Laura Gazza, and Marco Silano
- Subjects
Agglutination ,Time Factors ,Cell Survival ,Tissue transglutaminase ,Blotting, Western ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Nitric Oxide ,Triticum spelta ,Permeability ,Coeliac disease ,GTP-Binding Proteins ,Agglutination Tests ,Botany ,Electric Impedance ,medicine ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 ,Poaceae ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Cytotoxicity ,Triticum ,Plant Proteins ,Transglutaminases ,Hepatology ,monococcum wheat ,Settore BIO/12 ,Gastroenterology ,farro wheat ,food and beverages ,celiac disease, cytotoxicity, farro wheat,monococcum wheat, spelt wheat ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Enzyme Activation ,spelt wheat ,Agglutination (biology) ,Caspases ,biology.protein ,cytotoxicity ,Caco-2 Cells ,K562 Cells ,celiac disease ,Prolamins ,K562 cells - Abstract
Background and Aim: In the present paper, the toxicity of prolamines derived from three cereals with a different genome was investigated in human colon cancer Caco-2/TC7 and human myelogenous leukemia K562(S) cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate if species from ancient wheat could be considered as healthy food crops devoid or poor in cytotoxic prolamines for celiac disease. Methods: Cytotoxicity was measured in terms of inhibition of cell growth, activation of apoptosis, release of nitric oxide (NO), detection of tissue transglutaminase (TG II) and alteration of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) on Caco-2/Tc7 and K562 (S) cell agglutination. Peptic-tryptic (PT) digest from bread wheat (T. aestivum S. Pastore) was used as a positive control. Results: PT digests of prolamins from spelt wheat (T. aestivum ssp. spelta) were found to exert toxic effects on Caco-2/TC7 cells and to agglutinate K562(S) cells. Increased amounts of NO and TG II expression were observed in Caco-2/TC7 cells exposed to 1 mg/mL of spelt prolamins, suggesting that spelt wheat can induce cellular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. By contrast, the PT digests from monoccum wheat (Triticum monococcum) and farro wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) did not exhibit any negative effects on Caco-2/TC7 and K562(S) cells. Conclusions: The results have shown a constant and significant toxic effect of spelt wheat which is not shared by the two other ancient cereals. Future studies on celiac intestinal organ cultures are needed to increase the prospects of breeding programs aimed at developing wheat cultivars potentially tolerated by most celiac patients.
- Published
- 2006