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Background Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are the most common among all osteoporotic fractures. The body may compensate to the kyphosis from vertebral compression fractures with lordosis of the adjacent spinal segments, rotation of the pelvis, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion. However, the detailed degree of body compensation, especially the lower limb, remains uncertain. Herein, the aim of this study is to investigate the values of global sagittal alignments (GSA) parameters, including the spine, pelvis and lower limbs, in patients with and without VCFs, as well as to evaluate the effect of VCFs on various quality of life (QoL) parameters. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2015 to June 2018. A total of 142 patients with VCFs aged over 60 years old and 108 age-matched asymptomatic controls were recruited. Whole body sagittal alignment including thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1-pelvic angle (TPA), knee-flex angle (KA) and ankle-flex angle (AA) were measured. In addition, lower back pain and quality of life were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Results Compared to asymptomatic controls, patients with VCF showed significantly greater TK (33.4o ± 16.4o vs 28.4o ± 11.4o; p o ± 10.5o vs 16.6o ± 8.9o; p o ± 11.8o vs 45.8o ± 12.0o; p p o ± 10.8o vs 14.8o ± 8.6o; p o ± 7.8o vs 6.0o ± 6.4o; p o ± 3.9o vs 4.8o ± 3.6o; p p p p Conclusion This is the first study to illustrate the abnormal lower limb alignment exhibited in patients with VCF. Patients with VCF showed an overall worse global sagittal alignment and decreased quality of life. Poorer global sagittal alignment of VCF patients also imply worse quality of life and more severe VCF.