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The article comments on the 1906 landmark paper of Eduard Zirm, the first doctor who successfully performed a full-thickness corneal transplant. A case report was presented, describing the methods and procedures used in the corneal transplant, as well as the quality of the cornea and the tissue donated by a young boy. Also, Zirm mentioned the other conduct of operation which was important to the successful outcome besides meticulous asepsis and general anesthesia.

Background/aims Diagnosis of rejection in the mouse model of corneal transplantation is based on subjective judgement of loss of graft transparency. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate a pachymetry technique to measure changes in mouse corneal thickness and (2) correlate increases in transplant thickness with clinical and histological features of rejection. Methods Orthotopic corneal allografts (C57BL/6 strain donor) and syngeneic grafts were performed in A/J mice. Graft transparency was graded and corneal thickness measured by pachymetry on alternate days. Transverse sections of donor cornea excised from eyes representative of clinical opacity grades 1-4 were prepared, photographed, graft section thickness measured and stromal graft-infiltrating cells counted. Intraobserver and interobserver variations in pachymetry were statistically tested. Results Graft thickness, as measured by pachymetry, increased with each clinical opacity grade. Thickness for opacity grades 0, 1 and 2 was less than 300 μm in all recipients. Graft thickness for grades 3 and 4 was greater than 300 μm in all cases. For measurements up to 400 μm, there was a good correlation between thickness as measured by in vivo pachymetry and in histopathological sections. The mean interobserver bias was -11.35 .μm, while the mean intraobserver bias was +3.96 μm. Stromal cellularity increased with increasing corneal thickness up to approximately 300 μm. Conclusion In vivo graft pachymetry provides a new and reliable way to objectively diagnose rejection in the mouse model of corneal transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]