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A 46-year-old man presented with worsening vision in the context of long-standing optic disc changes, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, chronic aseptic meningitis, rash, arthralgia and raised inflammatory markers. The differential diagnoses of neoplasia, infection and inflammation are discussed. We highlight a condition that can present to adult neurologists, with successful diagnosis leading to targeted treatments that transform patient outcomes. This case was presented at the Association of British Neurologists Annual Meeting 2020 as a Clinicopathological Conference (CPC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhabdomyolysis is the combination of symptoms (myalgia, weakness and muscle swelling) and a substantial rise in serum creatine kinase (CK) >50 000 IU/L; there are many causes, but here we specifically address exertional rhabdomyolysis. The consequences of this condition can be severe, including acute kidney injury and requirement for higher level care with organ support. Most patients have 'physiological' exertional rhabdomyolysis with no underlying disease; they do not need investigation and should be advised to return to normal activities in a graded fashion. Rarely, exertional rhabdomyolysis may be the initial presentation of underlying muscle disease, and we review how to identify this much smaller group of patients, who do require investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of progressive hemiparesis in a 75-year-old male patient. He is a right-handed, retired dockyard electrical engineer presented in 2005 with a 35-year history of progressive right leg weakness, and finding it difficult to walk. The patient's clinical examination, including blood, radiology, and neurophysiology, and clinical progress are described. A discussion of other neuronal diseases are also offered.

Diagnosing stroke is not always straightforward. Stroke mimics such as Todd's paresis or hemiplegic migraine account for between a fifth and a quarter of suspected strokes (depending on the setting in which they are assessed). Stroke chameleons can arise when the tempo of symptom onset is not apoplectic or if the loss of function is not clearly consistent with a deficit within an arterial territory. Thrombolysis and secondary prevention have much to offer patients with stroke chameleons, though those with stroke mimics may be harmed by these treatments and have more to gain from other therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Effect of BCG Vaccination Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" by A. Roy and colleagues in the August 5, 2014 issue.