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Smart grid technology is the key for an efficient use of distributed energy resources. The smart grid is the future conversion for the techniques and strategies of production and the interaction of all the components of power grid. Noting the climate change becomes an important topic of concern, the whole world is currently facing the ever increasing price of petroleum products, coal etc and also the reduction in cost of renewable energy power systems, giving opportunities for renewable energy systems to address electricity generation. However, to achieve this task, an efficient energy management system needs to be addressed. In this context, the concept of smart grid plays a crucial role and can be successfully applied to the power systems. This paper presents the study of integrating renewable energy in smart grid system. The introductory part provides the role of renewable energy and distributed generation in smart grid system. The concept of smart grid renewable energy system and its applications along with the PV smart grid system are also been discussed and studied. It concludes that smart grids offer solutions to various challenges associated with variable RE, including providing additional flexibility, unlocking demand side participation, and deferring more costly grid upgrades. This paper also discusses about the following: • What are the challenges of integrating variable RE into power grids? • What types of smart grid solutions are emerging to integrate variable RE? • What are the good examples from around the world of smart grids aiding in the integration of variable RE? • What types of policy and regulatory approaches are emerging to support smart grid solutions in relation to RE?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global temperature is on the rise due to global warming, the issue of climate change is indeed a hot topic among the climate scientists and policy-makers worldwide. Claiming anthropogenic emissions as the primary cause of the prevailing climate change, every human activity is now under heavy scrutiny. Among others, mining is one of the fundamental activities which caters to the supply of raw materials to other basic industries and fulfils most of the energy needs of the human race and is believed to be a major contributor to the anthropogenic emissions. The present paper discusses a few case studies conducted in some Indian mines to estimate their respective carbon emissions. The accounting of carbon emissions due to mining activities is called as 'greenhouse gas inventory'. A brief look over the GHG inventory of some mines provides a succinct idea about contribution of mining industry to global emissions. The results highlight that emissions from mining industry are significant and cannot be overlooked. Thus it is required to develop clean technology to be implemented in mines to lower its emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining, despite the very substantial benefits it bestows on society, stirs strong environmental and social aspects. Mining operations damage the environment and ecology to an unacceptable degree, unless carefully planned and controlled. The rapid, unchecked and sometimes biased activities result in air, water and noise pollution, land degradation, health hazards, loss of forest wealth and agricultural land, drying of wells, rehabilitation problems leading to large scale environmental deterioration and climate change. It is essential to strike a balance between mineral developments on the one hand and the restoration of the environment on the other. The negative environmental and social impact of mining, can be reduced by careful planning and implementation of best management practices in mining (BMPs). Adoption of BMPs is always a win-win situation as these are not only mitigating the environmental and social impacts but also result in considerable profitability coupled with established social credibility. Select BMPs as practiced in mining areas are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]