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As any change must begin somewhere, it is the single individual who will experience it and carry it through.' (Tweeted by C.G. Jung Foundation, 16 May 2016) Content & Focus: In this editorial, we voice the unspoken and illuminate the subtle expressions of 'race' discrimination, in an effort to amend and repair our relationship with 'race' within a profession we are immensely proud of and that which forms a part of our identities. As individual practitioners, we desire a shift in our continued professional development and a true recognition of the visible but hidden phenomenon of 'race'. We long for legitimacy and a lifelong ideal where, although issues may exist, we are able to experience, dissect, learn, and disseminate knowledge. We want counselling psychology to actively partake in the dialogue around race; and be a driving force to carry through advocacy for our clients and for ourselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the question of how counselling psychology might move forward into the future. It argues that, for many counselling psychologists, the defining feature of our profession lies in a humanistic value-base; and that, to move forward, we need to look at how that could be more fully actualised. The paper argues that this value-base is most succinctly expressed in Levinas's concept of 'Welcoming the Other,' and it proposes five ways in which this ethic might be taken forward: developing our capacity to see beyond diagnoses, enhancing our responsiveness, focusing more fully on our client's intelligibility, taking a lead in giving psychology away, and developing our evidence base. The paper concludes by suggesting that the key issue is not the survival of counselling psychology as a profession; but the survival, development and proliferation of this value-base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context & focus: The Division of Counselling Psychology (DCoP) states a commitment to diversity, inclusion and non-discriminatory practice throughout the counselling psychology profession, and towards ensuring topics of culture and diversity are ‘mainstream discourse’ within the division (DCoP, 2021). The current paper explores diversity and inclusion, within the context of counselling psychology training; specifically, with regards to the relational aspects of doctoral research supervision, with trainees of colour. Existing evidence regarding the experiences of trainee counselling psychologists of colour are explored and considered against existing models for the task of research supervision. Personal reflections from the author’s own academic practice have been considered to illustrate points raised and to invite the reader to further self-reflection. Conclusion: Anne Lee’s (2008) model, outlining five ‘tasks’ for doctoral research supervision, has been expanded upon, to incorporate a reflective response to issues highlighted within the literature described above. Recommendations are made for future research supervision practice, for educators on counselling psychology training programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Violent political instability in countries such as Syria has seen the worldwide number of forcibly displaced people rise to levels not seen since World War 2, with over 150,000 asylum seekers and refugees hosted in the UK alone (UNHCR, 2015). Despite this figure, many UK residents have only a limited understanding of the experience of seeking asylum. Content & Focus: This article features a reflective account of the author's experience of being in a relationship with an asylum seeker/refugee in the UK. It begins with the author's reflections on the harsh asylum process and encourages those of us with a right to remain in the UK to consider how we would cope in such circumstances. Opportunities for personal and professional development that have arisen from the relationship are outlined, with particular emphasis on the experience of uncertainty and powerlessness. Finally, indignation at the inequalities faced by asylum seekers and refugees is presented as a catalyst for the development of a social justice agenda both within and beyond the therapy room. Conclusion: Being in a romantic relationship with an asylum seeker/refugee offers a unique vantage point to learn about the asylum process in depth. Furthermore, even such overtly challenging experiences can be transformed into opportunities for personal and professional growth, including the development of a social justice agenda in our counselling psychology practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinician-client touch is controversial, and seemingly widespread. However, talking therapists report little-to-no training on it and major accrediting bodies offer no explicit guidance. Consequently, some clinicians feel a lack confidence and competence around touch and fear accusations of bad practice. There is no research on counselling psychologists’ (CoPs’) ‘in-the-moment’ (in-session) decision-making process about touching their clients. Hence, this study aimed to develop a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) of this process to facilitate best practice by identifying issues and evaluating and recommending changes to existing models, guidelines, and training. Methodology: Following a CGT methodology, cycles of semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine CoPs, one clinical psychologist and two body psychotherapists about their process. The interview transcripts were analysed following Charmaz’s (2014) three-stage CGT coding process. Findings: A dual process model of touch-decision-making was produced, with the core category ‘weighing the predicted balance of appropriateness’: participants use an embodied sense of ‘felt appropriateness’ and a cognitive process of ‘considering the appropriateness’ to assess whether a ‘touch-related action’ is likely to be experienced as minimising harm and maximising therapeutic benefit to the client. Conclusion: The findings indicate a need for a CoP ‘professional stance’ towards touch-decision-making and talking about and upholding touch-boundaries in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results from a recent BPS and NSP survey (2020) confirmed psychological practitioners are an at-risk group for their overall wellbeing. While most research to date focuses on clinical psychologists, limited research exists on counselling psychologists (CP), and more specifically trainee CP who are at an optimal time in their career to learn stress management and explore self-care strategies before entering the professional world. A mixed-methods study was therefore conducted with (n= 45) U.K. based CP trainees to explore 3 main objectives; (1) to measure trainees’ current levels of stress, (2) to understand trainees’ experience of using self-care tools in their own lives, and (3) to explore specific facilitators and barriers to support for trainees, if any. Initially, the Perceived Stress Scale-10 item (PSS-10), was used to measure current levels of trainee stress. 71.1 per cent of the sample scored in the moderate stress range. Following this (n= 10) trainees participated in follow-up semi-structured interviews. Using thematic analysis 4 main themes emerged; 1. Practising what we preach, 2. Individual differences, 3. Training Structure, and 4. Competing demands. In this article, we focus on the most prominent subthemes which are key barriers as noted by the majority of participants: from Theme 3-Placement hours, and from Theme 4- Influence of finances. Overall, this paper concludes that despite the moderate stress level amongst this population, there is still an attempt by trainees to apply self-care to their own lives but with key facilitators and barriers in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims/objectives: In the United Kingdom, there is a growing movement towards including more arts-based interventions within healthcare systems. This study investigated attitudes of counselling psychologists towards using music therapeutically. The aim was to provide preliminary evidence, and inform future research, on the feasibility of including music as an intervention in counselling psychology practice. It was hypothesised that practitioners who personally engaged with music would be more likely to view interventions using music as acceptable. Methodology: The study utilised quantitative survey methodology to collect data from trainee and qualified counselling psychologists practising in the United Kingdom. Forty-three participants completed the survey, which comprised the Music Use and Background Questionnaire (MUSEBAQ; Chin et al., 2018) to assess personal engagement with music across factors of musicianship, musical capacity and motivations for music use, and an acceptability questionnaire. Data was analysed via multiple linear regression. Findings: Analysis indicated that this sample of counselling psychologists was accepting of the prospect of using music with clients. The personal motivations of participants for using music were found to be a significant positive predictor of acceptance. Discussion/conclusions: Participants who were motivated to use music to improve their own wellbeing were significantly more likely to consider music as an acceptable intervention. If music-based interventions are to become more integrated within counselling psychology practice, leadership of this process and training will be important and it suggested that this bias be accounted for in selection criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While an increasingly researched field, most autism research has focused on children and adolescents. Adult-based research remains sparse by comparison, particularly research focussing on those who are nonverbal, or who require alternative communication strategies. The following literature review was conducted while concurrently engaging with the members of autistic community in order to establish research gaps and to include their input in practice. Using search terms including (but not limited to autis*, nonverbal, non-speaking, autis* AND adult*) a number of databases and journals were explored in search of research which included and stemmed from direct autistic input. The literature revealed a gap in research focussing on autistic wellbeing and including the voices of those who are non-speaking, or who use alternative communication strategies. Prompted by this literature review and discussions with a number of autistic adults, a constructivist grounded theory study was proposed by the author and, following ethics approval by Regents University London, has begun data collection. The study aims to explore the experiences of non-speaking autistic adults and how these can guide psychotherapeutic practice. It is hoped that this research will contribute to counselling psychology and wider practice through the conceptualisation of a sensitised model of understanding and working psychotherapeutically with this population group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Climate change is a growing concern, a multi-dimensional, societal issue affecting our personal lives and the way we engage with clients. There is evidence that people are finding it a matter of anxiety and as such it is increasingly a focus in the therapeutic domain. In order to understand counselling psychology's relationship to climate change, the Executive Committee of the British Psychological Society Division of Counselling Psychology (DCoP) initiated a working group on climate change in the latter part of 2019. This working group had several tasks including a statement about psychology and climate change, and the development of a reference library as a resource for those members who want to better understand the literature. The reference library is available at www.bps.org.uk/sites/www.bps.org.uk/files/Member%20Networks/Divisions/DCoP/Climate%20Change%20-%20Useful%20Reading.pdf. Methodology/methods: This consultation asked a sample of British counselling psychologists about their experience of research, clinical work and other engagement with climate change. Themes were identified. Results/findings: The findings indicate some variation as to what counselling psychologists think and do in relation to climate change; most respondents accepted that counselling psychologists need to be aware of the issue and be able to respond helpfully to clients who bring this focus; some colleagues are already working with this material and many wanted training; some are researching this phenomenon and wanted assistance in funding and disseminating relevant work; and counselling psychologists thought that the Division/wider BPS might usefully make a mission statement, library of resources and offer training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018 an updated version of the Qualification in Counselling Psychology was launched. This paper provides information for candidates on how to prepare for the written assignments within the portfolios. It is based on the assessment team's experience of candidate submissions over the last ten years and offers advice on how to avoid common pitfalls and maximise opportunities to be successful in written assignments. In particular it focuses on the need to write at a doctoral level and to be aware of the competency driven nature of the assessment regime. Although the paper is specifically written for QCoP candidates the advice would apply across all society qualifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Research suggests that a therapist who works dynamically with their own explicit and implicit beliefs and attitudes, sourced in their own multilayered lived experience, may be better able to appreciate, and more accurately perceive, a clients' lived experience. This study aims to explore counselling psychologists' narratives around anti-discriminatory practice and to examine how counselling psychologists utilise self-awareness to make meaning of and to address the influence of potentially biasing explicit and implicit beliefs, on the therapeutic process in relation to difference and diversity. Method: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with six qualified counselling psychologists who graduated from UK-based counselling psychology doctoral programmes within five years previous to the study. Verbatim transcripts of the interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings: The analysis produced three master themes: 'Views toward anti-discriminatory practice'; 'Reflections on self-awareness of beliefs and attitudes in relation to difference and diversity'; and 'Actively working with difference and diversity in the therapy room'. Conclusion: The findings substantiate counselling psychologist's multifaceted and critical stance on anti-discriminatory practice. Participants were conscious of and sensitive to the relationship between self-awareness of potentially biasing beliefs and attitudes in relation to difference and diversity and therapeutic practice. Moreover, the findings suggest that core humanistic therapeutic skills, when aided by self-awareness and a reflective practice, can monitor potentially biasing and prejudicial attitudes in Counselling Psychology practice, thus providing a foundation for ADP from a counselling psychology perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In response to the little information available about the characteristics of counselling psychology students in Canada and their impact on the future of the specialization in Canada, 52 student members of the Canadian Psychological Association's Section on Counselling Psychology (representing a 26 per cent response rate) were surveyed using an adapted version of a questionnaire to survey counselling psychologists in Canada. Findings: Results indicated that, in most ways, the characteristics of Canadian counselling psychology students resemble those of current counselling psychologists but some differences emerged that point to a future with an increasing female-male practitioner gender gap, more non-heterosexual counselling psychologists, and a slight growth in humanistic/person-centred theories being used. Discussion: The field will likely continue to be characterized by heterosexual female counselling psychologists of European descent, who practice primarily from either a theoretically-integrative standpoint or cognitive-behavioural theory, who intervene largely through individual counselling or psychotherapy, and almost entirely only in the English language. The results of the study are examined with respect to understanding gaps in training, professional identity, and the apparent distancing from the historical roots of the profession. The limitations of the study are noted and avenues for future research are outlined. Some comparisons with the field in other regions of the world, like the UK, are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Using a recent, widely-distributed film (that provoked strong reactions and protest across the globe) as its focus, this paper attempts to illustrate the construction of disability as created by the able-bodied majority to be primarily a societal issue of inequality and social justice. Methods: Analysis of the film is made using the component parts of Critical Disability Theory (CDT) as a framework with which to identify and disentangle factors that reveal the social construction of disability. Results/Findings: The paper identifies factors that, combined, form a dark and potentially sinister objective conceptualisation of disability by the able-bodied that sees disability as a fate worse than death. Discussion/Conclusions: By bringing to life through analysis the assertion that 'the personal is political', the paper suggests that maintaining a reflexive awareness of such negative portrayals of disability is an ethical obligation of counselling psychologists as ambassadors of social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current political and economic trends in psychology push for an evidence-based practice whereby interventions are chosen on the basis of relevant research findings. Although valuable and effective, the efficacy and the ecological validity of evidence-based interventions has often been questioned, as it can be argued that human beings are too complex presentations to be captured by the restraints of clinical trials only. In addition, the dangers of pressurising psychology services to strictly adhere to manualised guidelines means that specialist's skills might be obscured. This paper and the case-study presented in it position itself in the midst of this debate by highlighting how clinical intuition and idiosyncratic formulations can be integrated and enrich research based practice. In addition, this paper also highlights how these fluid specialist skills are crucial to the vitality of the field and to the identity of counselling psychologists. This urge for a wider definition of what constitutes 'evidence base' when working with such complex presentations as human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is paucity of counselling psychology literature which explores the experience of people coming from a mixed cultural background. The literature available focuses on developmental theories and cultural competencies of practitioners but all too often fails to capture the peculiarities and particularities of the mixed experience. It also has a tendency to focus on ethnic, racial and cultural labels which are not always useful or helpful for people. This paper explores autoethnography as a methodology with which to research the mixed cultural experience. It aims to highlight the importance for the counselling psychology professions of reflexive and subjective research with regards to studying and understanding people's experiences of mixed culture. It examines the methods and processes used by a researcher in the data gathering, analysis and explication of their own subjective research. It reveals some of the difficulties encountered and ethical decisions which had to be made during the research. In keeping with the ethnographic and creative approach it is written as a self-diaologue and hopes to give the reader a sense of how the research was undertaken. It concludes that autoethnography can highlight the complexities of the experience of people operating between or on the edge of cultures and can bring greater understanding and awareness to counselling professionals who will then hopefully be better enabled to help people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: In this editorial, we voice the unspoken and illuminate the subtle expressions of 'race' discrimination, in an effort to amend and repair our relationship with 'race' within a profession we are immensely proud of and that which forms a part of our identities. As individual practitioners, we desire a shift in our continued professional development and a true recognition of the visible but hidden phenomenon of 'race'. We long for legitimacy and a lifelong ideal where, although issues may exist, we are able to experience, dissect, learn, and disseminate knowledge. We want counselling psychology to actively partake in the dialogue around race; and be a driving force to carry through advocacy for our clients and for ourselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: This study has investigated how White trainee counselling psychologists construct their experience of training in the area of racial difference, and how they discursively explore and negotiate their own potential for racial prejudice within the therapeutic encounter. This study attempts to offer some insight into the available discourses and their role in the creation of subject positions that the trainees come to occupy. Method: Using the framework of Critical Discursive Psychology (CDP), data from eight interviews and two focus groups have been discursively analysed and are presented as one of an ever-evolving number of possible analyses. The study consisted of four female and four male participants, ranging in age from 28-57 years, who were between their second and fourth year of training. Findings: The present analysis of the data has found that as the participants grapple with their professional identities as counselling psychologists in training, they inhabit one of three seemingly omnipresent discursive fields; 'colour-blindness', 'interculturalism' and 'pluralism'. These fields offer the trainees alternative constructions of practice that are drawn on depending on which professional representation appears to be at stake. In particular, the participants struggle to balance the desire for value free openness associated with a pluralistic approach, alongside a need for professional competency. This professional competency is characterised by a dependence upon generalised understandings of racialised groups as supported by an intercultural perspective. Conclusion: It is argued that the multifaceted epistemological roots of counselling psychology leave much open to interpretation. Discursive fields are occupied interchangeably and supported by ideologies that are seemingly ill-defined. The present study would argue that the result is a basis for practice that runs the risk of alternating between privileging and excluding difference, whilst espousing an apparent integrity presented within the theory of pluralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Violent political instability in countries such as Syria has seen the worldwide number of forcibly displaced people rise to levels not seen since World War 2, with over 150,000 asylum seekers and refugees hosted in the UK alone (UNHCR, 2015). Despite this figure, many UK residents have only a limited understanding of the experience of seeking asylum. Content & Focus: This article features a reflective account of the author's experience of being in a relationship with an asylum seeker/refugee in the UK. It begins with the author's reflections on the harsh asylum process and encourages those of us with a right to remain in the UK to consider how we would cope in such circumstances. Opportunities for personal and professional development that have arisen from the relationship are outlined, with particular emphasis on the experience of uncertainty and powerlessness. Finally, indignation at the inequalities faced by asylum seekers and refugees is presented as a catalyst for the development of a social justice agenda both within and beyond the therapy room. Conclusion: Being in a romantic relationship with an asylum seeker/refugee offers a unique vantage point to learn about the asylum process in depth. Furthermore, even such overtly challenging experiences can be transformed into opportunities for personal and professional growth, including the development of a social justice agenda in our counselling psychology practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: The effective length of therapy is a current professional issue affecting counselling psychologists worldwide as the demand on resources increases and the availability of resources decreases. A priority of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) is to identify strategies to scale up coverage of key interventions in resource constrained settings, promoting the involvement of service users in their own care and treatment. One often neglected area of therapy which may contribute to achieving these objectives is the length of treatment. This paper examines the evidence evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions of different lengths, and considers the problems associated with clients being prescribed a set number of sessions according to a presenting problem. A relatively recent individualised approach with client input is evaluated, with considerations of how this might fit within counselling psychology philosophy and global mental health policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context & Focus: The current environment in which mental health services are provided is dynamic and ever-changing and service delivery managers face difficult business decisions regarding the allocation of resources. These decisions may often fall in the favour of evidence-based treatments but these may be seen to conflict with the humanistic and phenomenological values underpinning counselling psychology. This paper seeks to critically discuss research and measurement issues in evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence within the context of counselling psychology focusing on a current clinical disorder, anorexia nervosa. Conclusion: The paper proposes that evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence are both highly relevant to counselling psychologists aiming to help individuals with anorexia and that neither approach is more valid than the other. It favours the model proposed by Barkham et al. (2010) which illustrates the dynamic and cyclical relationship between evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence where each approach informs and responds to the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The apparent tensions between the scientist-practitioner and the reflective-practitioner aspects of counselling psychology identity may underpin counselling psychologists' relationship with research. This issue becomes vital at a time when research activity can assist survivability within a competitive context and the promotion of Counselling Psychology as a distinct professional discipline. The present study explores counselling psychologists' subjective experience of research and their perceptions of what may motivate, facilitate or hinder their engagement with it, whilst considering the context within which research activity takes place. Methodology: The present paper presents the second, qualitative part of a larger mixed-methods research project investigating the relationship of chartered counselling psychologists with research. Data was collected through individual, semi-structured interviews with four chartered counselling psychologists (two residing and practicing in Greece and two residing and practicing in the UK), and was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings: Three superordinate themes emerged from the data: 'Stance/attitudes towards research'; 'Research activity and inactivity'; and 'Contextual dimensions of research'. A discussion of the subthemes revealed the role of ambivalence, counselling psychology identity and the interplay between internal and contextual factors in determining counselling psychologists' involvement with research post-qualification. Discussion: A number of implications and recommendations for training institutions, professional organisations and the British Psychological Society are presented that could help promote the development and implementation of research-friendly environments within the field of counselling psychology, in order to enhance counselling psychologists' relationship and engagement with research in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: Counselling, positive and community psychologies have a lot in common and overlapping values and goals. I outline here the focus of community psychology on those marginalised by the social system and the values and key concepts that underline community psychological praxis. The values of stewardship, justice and community are outlined and their implications for practice drawn out. Key community concepts are discussed, including the emphasis on social change and an action orientation, working with the ecological metaphor, the psychological sense of community, and the idea of new social settings. The four key strategies for change that follow are: the furtherance of critical consciousness; the creation of new forms of social relations or settings; the development of alliances and accompaniment; and advocacy and policy analysis. Conclusion: I argue that central to all community psychological work is critical reflection and that synergies can be found in research and practice with greater integration of community, counselling and positive psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: This paper focuses on positive, coaching and counselling psychology. It argues that counselling psychologists are in an ideal role to deliver positive psychology and coaching psychology services. The tension between counselling psychology relying upon diagnosis within the medical context in contrast to the positive and coaching psychology approach is briefly addressed. Conclusion: This paper concludes with a way forward for counselling psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: In the UK career counselling has tended to evolve separately from the counselling psychology profession. Elsewhere, notably in North America, counselling psychology does embrace career issues. This paper explores the contested boundaries between career and therapeutic work, and identifies positive psychology as a movement that transcends the divide. There is potential for positive psychology to reintegrate a career focus into counselling psychology. Conclusions: Although it does not provide a general theory of career choice and development, positive psychology has resonance with career counselling. It provides a rigorous conceptual and empirical foundation linking vocation to wellbeing. An evidence-based career counselling is beginning to emerge. Positive psychology presents a challenge to the current boundaries of the UK counselling psychology profession by demanding a holistic view of well-being that encompasses work and career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The 'scientist-practitioner' and the 'reflective-practitioner' are the preferred models of training and practice within the discipline of counselling psychology. However, chartered counselling psychologists seem to exhibit a diminished interest for research engagement and remarkably low research productivity. The present study aims to identify and investigate factors that may motivate, facilitate or hinder counselling psychologists' engagement with research, whilst taking into account the context within which research activity takes place. Methodology: The present paper presents the first, quantitative part of a larger mixed-methods research project investigating the relationship of chartered counselling psychologists with research. Data was collected from 94 chartered counselling psychologists (living and practicing either in Greece or the UK), who completed online two self-report questionnaires (CP-RAS and SAS). Multiple Linear Regression was subsequently conducted in order to predict and explain the relationship between motivational, facilitating, hindering and contextual factors with chartered counselling psychologists' scholarly activity. Results: Analysis revealed that motivation, but not facilitating, hindering or contextual factors, was a significant predictor of counselling psychologists' research activity, even after controlling for key demographic variables. Participants' gender, years of professional experience and professional post were also significant predictors of research activity, with males, practitioners with more years of professional experience and academics reporting higher scholarly activity. Discussion: The present study offers useful insight into the factors enhancing or thwarting counselling psychologists' engagement with research. The results are examined in relation to existing literature, and the implications for the training, research and practice of counselling psychology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: A notable number of actions and programmes have taken place to internationalise the US counselling psychology profession. This article expands the previous work by examining the growing international perspectives within the Society of Counseling Psychology (SCP), specifically those associated with recent presidential initiatives and leadership, structural organisational change within the Division, and scholarly publications in the Division's journal, The Counseling Psychologist. In addition, we discuss a few cross-cultural training initiatives as one way forward for the SCP to continue promoting the development of international perspectives in counselling psychology in the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The discipline of applied psychology has begun to reflect more explicitly on the social justice values and practices of the profession. This paper presents the first stage of research in a larger project aiming to explore 'social justice' in applied psychology in the UK, and takes as its focus the branch of counselling psychology. Aim: To explore how members of the UK counselling psychology profession understand social justice, and act on their commitment to it. Method: Interviews were conducted with six individuals who had at least a moderate interest in and commitment to social justice, as assessed by the Social Issues Questionnaire. Data were analysed using techniques from the grounded theory approach. Findings: Themes included participants' understandings of social justice both on a theoretical and a personal level, and the perceived fit between social justice and counselling psychology. Participants reported a perception of a lack of social justice action and reflected on potential difficulties associated with engaging in social justice action. Discussion: Implications for the international counselling psychology profession are reflected on. Directions for further research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the origins, developments, and current state of play of counselling psychology in Australia. The relative strength of the early and middle developmental stages of the professions are contrasted with the current decline largely brought about by the Medicare system. The constraints on future development of the field are examined and the importance of revisiting its philosophical base is discussed alongside the need to vitalise its research culture and publications. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations for strengthening counselling psychology in Australia and a reassertion of the value of counselling psychology for the Australian and international community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: Neuroscience as a whole has seen great advancements over the last couple of decades and as such, it is becoming an increasingly important and relevant knowledgebase for counselling psychologists to incorporate into their research and practice. Affective neuroscience focuses on the emotions and affect which are both produced and perceived by the brain and mind. Jaak Panksepp, a prominent figure within affective neuroscience, has suggested that one avenue which is ripe for advancement is the development of primary process understanding. This paper discusses primary brain processes as well outlining a number of introductory ways in which affective neuroscience could contribute to counselling psychology. Conclusions: It is suggested that counselling psychologists are well placed to contribute to affective neuroscience research. Additionally, psychiatry is well placed to benefit and add to the body of knowledge within affective neuroscience therefore the present work proposes that the time is now for greater collaboration between counselling psychologists, psychiatrists and (affective) neuroscientists, contributing and working together with the aim of increasing understanding and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for our species' mental health and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quality training placements are crucial to producing professional practitioner psychologists. However, as in other professions, accessing high-quality placements remains a struggle for trainee counselling psychologists. There is also a lack of information regarding where UK counselling psychology trainees typically work on placement and the level of support provided to students. This project attempted to gather data on programme placement support and placement/training mapping. Method: A confidential, anonymous online survey was created to gather quantitative and qualitative data, broadly based on the annual US survey, and each BPS accredited counselling psychology programme was invited to complete one questionnaire. Data was collated and reported descriptively; thematic analysis was used to organise the qualitative data. Findings: 9 of the 13 programmes took part. The average FTE of academic staff allocated to placement support across the participating programmes was 0.5. There was no correspondence between the number of placement contacts per programme and the number of students enrolled on the programme. CBT was the most commonly taught approach on these programmes. For six of the surveyed programmes, there was a strong correspondence between the approaches taught and the number of placement contacts held where students could practice those approaches. NHS placements are now prevalent, but variety in placement settings remains. The qualitative data gathered in this study could be summarised by four themes: 'Placement problems'; 'Counselling psychology and clinical psychology'; 'An improving profile'; and 'National issues'. Discussion: The results suggest that there may be a good level of correspondence between the therapeutic approaches taught on UK counselling psychology training programmes and training placements offered. They also illustrate the range of experience offered by graduates, gained from a variety of placement settings. Some suggestions are offered for future national surveys of counselling psychology programmes based on this pilot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context & Focus: This paper evaluates the role of scholarship in counselling psychology in the UK. Scholarship is defined as the skill of building walls of knowledge, analogous to stonemasonry as the skill of building walls of stone. A review of the literature indicates that scholarship is an essential activity of counselling psychology in the UK, where it builds the profession's identity and the walls of evidence upon which it relies. However, disunity and conflict are found within both of these roles. Scholarship has constructed a contested identity for the profession, and the empirical literature reveals further disagreement on how the walls of evidence should be built. Methodological concerns about quantitative research draw our attention to gaps in the increasingly unsteady walls of evidence, and while qualitative research provides much-needed stability, this methodology, too, is found wanting. In addition, it is shown how this internal dispute over the 'right' construction materials and methods is being increasingly influenced by external forces. The result is a deeply conflicted profession whose scholarly efforts are hindered rather than enhanced by its rich diversity. Conclusion: The paper proposes a pluralistic approach to scholarship that embraces counselling psychology's divisions and diverse influences, and examples of this approach are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Research is frequently cited as core to counselling psychology. Yet we know little about where counselling psychologists publish their own findings. The present study aims to answer the following two research questions: (1) Where do UK-based counselling psychologists disseminate their research? (2) To what extent do counselling psychologists disseminate their research in British Psychological Society outlets? Method: A systematic review examining research by UK-based counselling psychologists published in journals directly relevant to counselling psychology between January 2010 and December 2012. Counselling psychologists' individual publication lists were examined for research disseminated in additional specialist journals. Finally, two case studies of research active counselling psychologists were completed to gain a qualitative picture of counselling psychology dissemination. Results: The review elicited 43 research articles by UK-based counselling psychologists in the last three years. Publication lists uncovered a further 24 research studies from specialist journals, making a total of 67 studies, completed by 40 counselling psychologists. The majority of articles were in Counselling and Psychotherapy research and Counselling Psychology review. The case studies both demonstrated the importance of overall attitudes towards research to dissemination. Conclusion: Although the aim of the present study was to gain a picture of where counselling psychology research is disseminated, the limited volume of research seems to lead inevitably back to the debate on what the future of research in counselling psychology should look like, with mixed views on its importance for the field [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Focus: Acknowledging the recent 30th anniversary for counselling psychology, this article considers how the profession could develop in future. In particular it suggests how counselling psychology could influence mental health provision in the new commissioning environment and calls for an active and positive engagement based on our core values. This requires the Division and counselling psychologists themselves to be more assertive and self promoting, building on the successes of the past to help determine and influence the future. Three main strategies are suggested: counselling psychology as the champions of practicebased evidence; promoting phenomenological-based intervention; and identifying counselling psychology as the most suitable provider for co-morbid and secondary care (Step 4) clients. Conclusion: The growth and achievements of the profession over the last three decades underlies the sentiment that counselling psychology has more than come of age. In contrast, however, its presence in the consciousness of commissioners and the general public is unreliable. Developments in mental health strategies such as the Recovery Model and the uncertainty of service provision at post-IAPT or secondary care, create a climate for counselling psychology to offer solutions. Far from being mainly a competing narrative within the rarefied communities of psychology and the wider psychotherapeutic professions, counselling psychology has the muscle to make decisive contributions at a national policy making level. This can only happen if there is a sense of united purpose and concerted effort at the structural and individual level. The suggestions made in this article are only some of many other ways this could occur, but it is important to recognise that asserting the profession's value is not egotistical and without a programme of self-promotion counselling psychology risks marginalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Focus: Counselling psychology's 30-year passage in the UK, its origins and philosophy, open a reflective article that also considers training, research and practice. Academic and reflective practitioner's roles grounded in human science often work in contexts where natural science predominates. The effects of the influence of recent economic and political changes are considered; this discipline's responses to these effects are outlined. This article is a summary of an invited address given in Melbourne, Australia, in February, 2013. Conclusions: The sharing of the philosophy, practice, research and training of counselling psychologists across countries in an increasingly aware international climate will have advantages for the discipline; however, the fuller benefits remain to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Focus: This paper has emerged from my experience and developing practice of working integratively with survivors of childhood sexual abuse. It aims to raise key considerations to make in practicing from a CBT-informed rather than a CBT-led perspective with survivors. Conclusions: It argues for the centrality of the therapeutic relationship as a foundation within which all therapeutic work occurs with survivors. It advocates practitioners to strive for a balance between process-led and client-led integrative choices in therapy and emphasises the importance of safe trauma practice through developing the survivors' functional coping strategies before calling forth traumatic memories. Contributions and limitations of a CBT approach with survivors are discussed, and building integrative practices with different traditions as a goal for counselling psychologists is encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Collective professional identity is dynamic and responsive to the context within which it exists. Thus the current climate of a pervasive medical model as experienced through the imposition of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines (2004) and associated Increased Access to Psychological Therapies is relevant to the profession of counselling psychology. Therefore, the possible professional position and the lived experience of its members, whilst existing in a professional arena that requires professionals to fulfil pre-determined criteria, is of interest to this paper. Methodology: A qualitative design explored the declared position and related experiences of counselling psychologists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine qualified professionals and transcripts subjected to thematic analysis. Findings: Three key themes relevant to the declared position and associated individual experience were discerned in the data, namely: NICE experienced as relevant and affecting counselling psychology; counselling psychology declaring a pluralistic identity in relation to NICE guidelines; and client as focus. Conclusion: Participants described a desire to engage with the NICE guidelines, and pluralism seemed to offer them a valid voice with which to achieve this. Pluralism also functioned to offer greater professional jurisdiction and potential autonomy. Pluralism whilst positive in many ways did also produce professional anxiety for many as they struggled with finding their identity within it. Overall, the proclaimed identity appeared to show a dynamically responsive profession that may influence the psychological arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: Client religiosity proves one of the diversity issues in the therapy room which, until recent years, has remained unattended and strongly prejudiced. Since science and religion were drawn into war on the grounds of rational versus irrational, observable versus untouchable truths, major school of therapies either ignored or pathologised religiosity to a great extent. In this paper, I aim to consider the major drawbacks of this old debate and call for attention to the existing regulatory ethical codes. I would emphasise the importance of the issue to counselling psychologists, given the fact that the profession's roots are embedded in humanistic and progressive philosophy alongside its scientific base. Conclusion: Following the literature on secular and religious-accommodative approaches, I discuss a possible resolution of scientific and subjective perspectives of client religiosity by means of using the pluralistic approach to counselling, proposed by Cooper and McLeod (2007). Finally, I also consider the implications of the discussion for practitioner training settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: There is a discourse within psychology relating to homelessness that describes a significant minority of individuals in Britain who are less likely to experience physical, mental and emotional wellbeing than the housed majority. Homelessness is, therefore, contextualised here as both a relevant topic for counselling psychology and as a matter of social justice. The place of social justice within the counselling psychology discourse is discussed and the situation in the US is contrasted with that in the UK. Psychology, counselling and nursing literature relating to homelessness is critiqued to discover how useful it is for counselling psychologists, whether homelessness is being considered by counselling psychologists in the UK and whether it reflects the principles of social justice work for counselling psychologists proposed by Goodman et al. (2004). Conclusion: Existing literature relating to homelessness is of use to counselling psychologists in that it can be used to inform practice, understand the context of homelessness, and challenge the pathologisation of the homeless population. Of the literature considered, some of the North American papers explicitly show an interest in social justice unlike the British literature. It is difficult to ascertain the extent to which British counselling psychologists are working with homeless clients. Further research could consider: how many counselling psychologists in the UK are working with homeless clients; how counselling psychologists in the UK conceive of the relationship between the profession and society; and whether/how the conception of that relationship influences their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: Power imbalances are present in therapy despite the desire for equality. In this paper I consider explicit and implicit power dynamics between the therapist and the client and look specifically at how power manifests in therapy by considering the therapist's role as expert, the assumption that all clients want positive growth, the misunderstandings around the relationship between a therapist and their client that can develop, the interventions a therapist makes, the outcome of therapy and the societal forces that impact on a client. I then consider the dynamics outside and inside therapy that can influence power. I discuss how informed consent, awareness of societal forces, compassionate acceptance, metacommunication and therapist self-disclosure can help to empower the client through their therapeutic journey. Conclusion: I conclude that it is better to be mindful of power in therapy than to assume power imbalances can all be overcome. Furthermore, I argue that counselling psychologists are well placed to maturely negotiate the complexity around such a discourse. I specifically discuss the importance of reflexive practice in counselling psychology and reflect upon the need for practitioners to respond to individual client's needs and use a flexible transparent pluralistic framework, where one style of therapy is not regarded as suiting every client. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: This paper considers what a 'social justice agenda' might mean for counselling psychology in the UK. It initially discusses what 'social justice' is, concluding that although a complete definition is not present within the field, conceptions of social justice generally focus on equity or equality for individuals in society in terms of access to a number of different resources and opportunities, the right to self-determination or autonomy and participation in decision-making, freedom from oppression, and a balancing of power across society. It then goes on to introduce the literature in the area of social justice within counselling psychology which has come from the US. Finally, it considers more explicitly what a consistent adoption of a social justice perspective would look like for UK counselling psychology by reviewing three areas of potential consideration: training issues; involvement in private practice; and involvement in the NHS. Conclusions: Whilst statements recognising the importance of social justice to counselling psychology would be welcome, changes to practice might also be necessary to uphold this consistently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: The aim of this theoretical paper is to bring to the fore current discussions and issues regarding social justice in counselling psychology practice and training. Although counselling psychologists are required by law to engage in anti-discriminatory practice, this seldom changes the reality of marginalised and oppressed client groups outside the therapy room -- they continue to face oppression and discrimination in their daily lives. The paper discusses relevant literature on social justice and social advocacy in counselling psychology with a special focus on counselling psychology training in the US geared towards incorporating social advocacy, including the scientist-practitioner-advocate model. Conclusions: The paper highlights that the debate on social justice and social advocacy, whilst considerably advanced in the US, has not spread with equal fervour across the Atlantic to the UK. It proposes that if counselling psychologists in the UK are to be committed to working with diverse populations, and to antidiscriminatory practice, then this discussion is a crucial one to be engaged with, starting as early as during doctoral training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: Acting as a preface to the Special Edition on 'Power and Equality', this editorial reflects on changes in our society's relationship with the concept of power and suggests that a sense of (political) powerlessness in the face of inequality and abuse of power is not only affecting society in general but also the discipline of counselling psychology, despite our declared links with critical social science. It posits that a concern with 'social justice' may be a way forward but that this can also leave underlying power structures unchallenged. It reminds counselling psychology of the need to be aware of our power, both in a self-critical sense and in the sense of the potentially positive (political) potency of our tools. Following on from these initial considerations, the editorial then introduces the individual contributions that form part of this rich and thought-provoking issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Focus: This paper explores how Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) elaborates upon the concept of validation as a strategic intervention and therapeutic stance. It examines the rationale for validating the 'grain of wisdom' in every client communication and problematic behaviour and outlines levels of validation articulated by Marsha Linehan and her colleagues before linking them to counselling psychology practice. Conclusions: Validation is consistent with the humanistic underpinnings of counselling psychology that necessitate an appreciation of client phenomenology devoid of pathologising and pejorative assumptions. DBT's focus on this intervention is illuminating yet conceptualising it as a strategy traversing the 'acceptance-change' dialectic might estrange us from validating our clients when attending to more process-oriented issues in therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Focus: Taking one of the key dimensions of counselling psychology as a focal point, namely its 'humanistic value base', this article explores how humanistic values can be integrated into therapeutic work with clients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in contemporary health care settings. It starts by outlining borderline personality disorder as a diagnostic category, highlighting some of the associated controversies discussed in the literature, followed by a consideration of clients' perspectives as presented by qualitative research. It then considers key humanistic values relevant to the philosophical basis of counselling psychology and discusses some of the dilemmas that may arise when applying these values to practice. Finally, it examines potential overlaps and conflicts between humanistic principles and one particular therapeutic approach for working with borderline presentations, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT). Conclusions: While a humanistic perspective on borderline personality disorder accords with the philosophical basis of counselling psychology, adopting a purely humanistic stance could sometimes be counter-productive when working with this client group. However, when skilfully interwoven with more directive strategies as in dialectical behaviour therapy, humanistically-informed relational work may be a key ingredient in working effectively with this client group. While such integration may be problematic, the dilemma could be fruitfully approached from different perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Focus: Literature has repeatedly demonstrated that individuals with learning disabilities are at a significantly greater risk of developing mental health problems and are more likely to experience adverse life events. Historically, treatment has been dominated by psychopharmacology and applied behavioural models; however, an evidence base has grown, which advocates the use of psychological therapy with these individuals. Individuals with learning disabilities receive assistance from a variety of services and professionals throughout their lives, including multidisciplinary community teams, day services and residential or supported living projects. The community teams, are often multidisciplinary, professionals involved may include community nurses, psychologists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, psychiatrists, and social workers. The array of professionals involved in the lives of individuals with learning disabilities reflects their complex and diverse needs. Conclusions: Very little is known about counselling psychologists working with people with learning disabilities. This article wishes to offer some reflections regarding the current and potential role of counselling psychology within this specialist field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper examines how those within counselling psychology are constructing the profession within pertinent publications. Methodology: Critical discursive psychology was applied to texts within Counselling Psychology Review and Counselling Psychology Quarterly over the time period of 2007 to June 2009. Findings: The four interpretive repertoires discerned were: 'Opponent to the medical model,' 'Saviour of the people', 'Maturation' and 'Alliance to others'. Conclusion: Together these position the profession as viable contenders within the psychological arena and a voice against the political enhancement of the medical model which is constructed as context and value-free. Thus not only is the power of CBT and all it represents challenged but such a position moves towards ethical empowerment of the client. The analysis also tracked the development of socially constructed processes that position a group as having achieved the construction of a profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Focus: This editorial follows on from a previous editorial which focused upon 'Writing for Publication' in 2011. The purpose is to focus down a little further and to describe and discuss the peer review process within the world of academic publishing. This system has become a hallmark of quality and holds a great deal of sway when deciding what research gets published or commissioned. It is, however, problematic in numerous ways and consumers of research need to be mindful of the limitations of such a system (i.e. it can be abused and misused). Some of these limitations are considered before suggesting three ways in which peer review can potentially be utilised in a more productive manner. In turn these are: 1. The provision of proactive guidance from the publication editors based upon the reviewers' judgement; 2. The provision of clear guidance for peer reviewers regarding the expectations of papers published in the related journal; and 3. The consideration of utilising alternative peer review systems to the norm (e.g. open review or open published dialogues with reviews). Following on from this, the papers presented within this particular edition of Counselling Psychology Review are briefly introduced and a call for peer reviewers is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Focus: This paper examines the historical context which gave birth to the Division of Counselling Psychology. It argues that this was a period of economic, social and political crisis and that there are similarities with the contemporary situation in the UK. It seeks to explore and explain the apparent contradiction of the fact that these conditions should be associated with an organisation whose values stem from a belief in personal fulfilment and growth. The contradiction is explained by reference to the suggestion that crisis at a social level and trauma at a personal level are the conditions in which the potential for change is strongest. The factors allowing the new body to flourish are listed through an analogy drawn with the Italian Risorgimento (revival) which culminated in an independent Italy in 1861. The need for a mythical flag behind which to unite is examined through the concept of a narrative arc Conclusions: The narratives of the scientist-practitioner and the reflective practitioner are crucial to understanding the development of the discipline. The former allowed counselling psychology to locate itself within the broad mainstream of psychology while the latter offered a distinctive identity which articulated the special quality of counselling psychology. The paper concludes by listing the challenges faced as the discipline moves forward into the future and reiterates the historical truth articulated by Karl Marx that humans make history (have the power of agency) but do not operate in circumstances of their own choosing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Counselling psychology training courses in the UK are required to focus upon at least two therapeutic approaches. Such a stipulation means that trainees need to become competent at navigating the complexities associated with therapeutic integration (e.g. tolerating its ambiguous nature), a factor that proves commensurate with the pluralistic stance often advocated in the theoretical writings of counselling psychologists. This study intends to explore such challenges and engage with the philosophical nature of 'being and becoming' a pluralistic therapist. Method: A case study design has been adopted to reflect in depth upon one counselling psychology trainee's understanding of their developing therapeutic practice. The trainee in question kept a detailed reflexive journal whilst undertaking a training activity which involved working as a therapist over a six-week period with a colleague on the same training programme. Cooper and McLeod's (2011) pluralistic framework for counselling and psychotherapy was actively utilised to harness the therapeutic work. The journal was analysed using thematic analysis with a view to eliciting the major themes associated to the trainee's experience of 'becoming a pluralistic therapist'. Findings: Analysis of the data would indicate that the trainee was becoming a pluralistic therapist through the interaction between four selves: the Reflective Self, Thoughtful Self, Relational Self, and Skilled Self. Each of these is briefly introduced and discussed. Discussion and Conclusion: The paper ends by reflecting upon the complexities inherent in using pluralist philosophy to underpin therapeutic work. Incorporated within this, it reflects upon some of the challenges associated with using the pluralistic framework in practice. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for those training in programmes that advocate pluralistic practice. In particular the importance of understanding pluralistic philosophy, the positive role of ambiguity, the personal nature of training, and the need for further research in this area are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Focus: Client factors have been sorely neglected in counselling psychology. This is despite much research demonstrating their importance for therapeutic outcomes. The present paper reviews the use of client factors in counselling psychology. In the last few years an emerging group of authors have begun to put the client back on centre stage. A new philosophy of the client is blossoming: the client as an active self-healer. The role of the therapist is not redundant, however. The latest common factors research shows that it is the interaction of the common factors which accounts for outcomes. The therapist facilitates the conditions which harness these self-healing capacities of the client. Conclusions: In order to fully harness client abilities, therapists should actively manipulate both internal and external client factors. It is suggested that client feedback provides an empirically supported example of how these abilities can be exploited. More research is required in this domain, particularly examining what clients may themselves to do ensure they get the most out of the therapeutic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]