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Pulmonary arterial hypertension in neonates may be demonstrated as a postnatal failure in a postnatal adaptation at birth (PPHN) or may occur during the first weeks after birth like in BPD-associated PH. Treatment of the most severe cases requires pulmonary vasodilators. The inhaled nitric oxide is the only evidence based vasodilator in neonates. Two cases of a pulmonary arterial hypertension treated with inhaled nitric oxide are reported. The first case presents severe PPHN due to a neonatal sepsis where the application of an inhaled nitric oxide results in a fast and stable resolving of the pulmonary hypertension. The second case demonstrates early development of a morphological signs of BPD in the lungs and consequent occurrence of pulmonary hypertension. Treatment with sildenafil was started and inhaled nitric oxide was added during an episode of a deterioration of PH in the course of pneumonia and resulted in a stabilization of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]