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The purpose of this study is to examine the theoretical and methodological foundations of globalization and the evolution of China’s political system, identify its distinctive features and key development patterns, and analyze the objective determinants and socio-economic consequences of globalization in the context of the emergence of a new world order. The article builds on the interdisciplinary nature of the topic being studied and draws on the works of Kazakh, Russian, and foreign authors. It uses general research methods and techniques such as scientific abstraction, grouping, qualitative expert assessment, quantitative assessment, and comparative analysis and synthesis. The article examines the process of globalization and China’s accession to the WTO using statistical and sociological data, with a definition of China’s role in the world economy. It also considers the modern political system of the People’s Republic of China and the stages of its socio-economic development.