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List of contributors Preface Summary for policymakers Technical summary 1. Assessing our nitrogen inheritance Part I. Nitrogen in Europe: The Present Position: 2. The European nitrogen problem in a global perspective 3. Benefits of nitrogen for food fibre and industrial production 4. Nitrogen in current European policies 5. The challenge to integrate nitrogen science and policies Part II. Nitrogen Processing in the Biosphere: 6. Nitrogen processes in terrestrial ecosystems 7. Nitrogen processes in aquatic ecosystems 8. Nitrogen processes in coastal and marine ecosystems 9. Nitrogen processes in the atmosphere Part III. Nitrogen Flows and Fate at Multiple Scales: 10. Nitrogen flows in farming systems across Europe 11. Nitrogen flows and fate in rural landscapes 12. Nitrogen flows and fate in urban landscapes 13. Nitrogen flows from European watersheds to coastal marine waters 14. Atmospheric transport and deposition of nitrogen in Europe 15. Geographic variation in terrestrial nitrogen budgets across Europe 16. Integrating nitrogen fluxes at the European scale Part IV. Key Societal Threats of Nitrogen: 17. Nitrogen as a threat to European water quality 18. Nitrogen as a threat to European air quality 19. Nitrogen as a threat to the European greenhouse balance 20. Nitrogen as a threat to European terrestrial biodiversity 21. Nitrogen as a threat to European soil quality Part V. European Nitrogen Policies and Future Challenges: 22. Costs and benefits of nitrogen in the environment 23. Developing integrated approaches to nitrogen management 24. Future scenarios of nitrogen in Europe 25. Coordinating European nitrogen policies between directives and international conventions 26. Societal choice and communicating the European nitrogen challenge Glossary Index.