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Objective: To investigate the usefulness of copeptin and S100B levels in the differentiation of central and peripheral vertigo. Methods: Ninety patients were included in the study. Copeptin and S100B levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The time between symptom onset and presentation to the emergency department was longer in the patients diagnosed with central vertigo. S100B and copeptin levels were significantly higher in central vertigo patients. The confirmed cut-off value was 17 for the S100B level and 1.65 for the copeptin level. Conclusion: Quick and reliable differentiation between central and peripheral vertigo is important to reduce the length of hospital stay of patients in the emergency department, and for patient comfort. S100B and copeptin levels are potential biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of central vertigo and peripheral vertigo for patients whose aetiology of vertigo cannot be differentially diagnosed with history-taking and physical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of clarithromycin on in vitro tympanosclerosis.Method:Twenty-eight rats were divided into three groups: a clarithromycin group, a non-clarithromycin group and a negative control group. Those in the first two groups were injected with Streptococcus pneumoniae following a myringotomy, and tympanosclerosis was experimentally induced. Oral clarithromycin therapy was administered in the clarithromycin group. The other groups received no medical treatment.Results:All eardrums in the clarithromycin and non-clarithromycin groups developed myringosclerosis, but there was only one eardrum, in the clarithromycin group, with very severe myringosclerosis. In the clarithromycin group, 11 ears showed no inflammation and there were no ears with severe inflammation. In the non-clarithromycin group, there were 11 ears with severe inflammation. The mean eardrum thickness in the clarithromycin group was 20.93 µm and in the non-clarithromycin group it was 42.71 µm.Conclusion:Acute otitis media and myringotomies induced tympanosclerosis, but clarithromycin reduced the severity of tympanosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of radiofrequency radiation generated by 900 and 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications sources on cochlear development in the rat model.Methods:Eight pregnant albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. The latter two groups of pregnant rats were exposed to radiofrequency radiation for 1 hour per day starting on the 12th day of pregnancy until delivery. The rats in the control, 900 MHz and 1800 MHz groups gave birth to 24, 31 and 26 newborn rats respectively. Newborn rats in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz groups were exposed to radiofrequency radiation for 1 hour per day for 21 days after delivery. Hearing evaluations of newborn rats were carried out using distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing. Eight newborn rats were randomly selected from each group for electron microscopic evaluation.Results:Distortion product otoacoustic emission tests revealed no significant difference among the groups, but electron microscopic evaluation revealed significant differences among the groups with regard to the number of normal, apoptotic and necrotic cells.Conclusion:The findings indicated cellular structural damage in the cochlea caused by radiofrequency radiation exposure during cochlear development in the rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The effects of washing raw butter with hydrogen-rich water (HRW), prepared with hydrogen (H 2 ) and/or magnesium (Mg), on butter quality were investigated in this research paper. During the washing process, titratable acidity (TA) decreased by 12% for all washed samples. During the storage period, TA increased by 28% and 93% (control), 14% and 58% (H 2 ), and 10% and 66% (Mg) for the 60 th and 90 th days, respectively. Peroxide value (mEq O 2 /kg) increased to 2.76 and 8.83 (control), 1.92 and 7.25 (H 2 ), and 2.02 and 8.12 (Mg) for the 60 th and 90 th days. HRW samples showed the lowest acid degree value (ADV) and the highest color notes (L*, C*, and h). The HRW treatment of raw butter has shown improving effects on the product without any harmful residuals in the final product or the environment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local application of platelet-rich plasma to perforated rat tympanic membranes, in terms of healing time and histopathological outcome., Methods: Eighty-eight tympanic membranes of 44 rats were given a standard 3 mm perforation, and platelet-rich plasma was applied to the right tympanic membrane perforations. The left tympanic membranes were left to heal spontaneously, as controls. The 44 rats were divided into two groups. In group one, comprising 20 rats, daily otomicroscopic examination of the tympanic membrane perforations was performed. The 24 rats in group two were subdivided into four subgroups of six rats each; these subgroups were sacrificed sequentially on days three, seven, 14 and 28 for histopathological examination, regardless of tympanic membrane healing stage., Results: In group one, the mean tympanic membrane healing times for tympanic membrane perforations receiving platelet-rich plasma and controls were respectively 10.2 +/- 2.1 and 13.0 +/- 2.9 days (mean +/- standard deviation). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In group two, histopathological evaluation of tympanic membrane perforation healing at days three, seven, 14 and 28 did not reveal any statistically significant difference, individually or within the four groups as a whole., Conclusion: These findings suggest that earlier healing of tympanic membrane perforations occurred in the platelet-rich plasma group compared with the control group. These findings suggest that platelet-rich plasma is effective in accelerating tympanic membrane perforation healing, and that it may be effective in human subjects, particularly as it is an autologous material.

Objectives: We studied the experimental use of Seprafilm, a sheet-like film form of hyaluronic acid, in the repair of subtotal perforations of the tympanic membrane (TM), and the durability of such repairs., Method: The research was conducted on 42 Sprague-Dawley rats. Right TMs of all rats were subtotally and thermally perforated in the same fashion. Seprafilm was applied to the perforated TMs of the 21 rats comprising the experiment group. The perforated TMs of the remaining 21 rats, the control group, were left to heal spontaneously., Results: The mean healing times were recorded as 7.8 +/- 0.6 days for the Seprafilm group and 14.9 +/- 1.1 days for the control group (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: These results suggest that Seprafilm may be a possible first choice (before the decision to operate) in subtotal perforations, considering its easy application and patient follow-up.

Extratympanic electrocochleography (ECochG) was performed on 37 patients referred to the Evoked Potential Clinic with suspected Ménière's disease. The patients were classified according to their hearing impairment and audiometric configuration. Click and tone-pip stimuli with tone frequencies of 1 and 4 kHz were presented at a rate of 10 per second. Amplitude, latency and general waveform characteristics of the summation potential (SP) and action potential (AP) were analysed for each averaged response with respect to the level and configuration of the hearing loss. The highest incidence of abnormal percentage SP was in patients with average hearing loss in the range of 40-64 dB HL using the click stimulus. In low tone hearing loss, hydrops was identified from an enhanced SP in significantly more patients using the click and 4 kHz tone-pip than the 1 kHz stimulus. Measurement of the width of the 1 kHz tone-pip response waveform was abnormal in some patients even though the click and 4 kHz responses were normal. The optimum stimulus for identification of hydrops from an enhanced SP is dependent on the level and configuration of the hearing loss.