148 results on '"SMITH, DANIEL A."'
Search Results
2. Simidele Dosekun, Fashioning Postfeminism: spectacular femininity and transnational culture
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Smith, Daniel Jordan and Omotoso, Sharon Adetutu
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Fashioning Postfeminism: Spectacular Femininity and Transnational Culture (Nonfiction work) -- Dosekun, Simidele ,Books -- Book reviews ,History - Abstract
Simidele Dosekun, Fashioning Postfeminism: spectacular femininity and transnational culture. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press (hb US$110 978 0 252 04321 5; pb US$26--978 0 252 08508 6). 2020, v [...]
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- 2021
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3. The Political Economy of Public Pensions
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Norcross, Eileen and Smith, Daniel J.
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- 2021
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4. Money and the Rule of Law: Generality and Predictability in Monetary Institutions
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Boettke, Peter J., Salter, Alexander William, and Smith, Daniel J.
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- 2021
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5. Sensitivity to light in bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical practice.
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Roguski, Amber, Ritter, Philipp, and Smith, Daniel J.
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BIPOLAR disorder ,LITHIUM carbonate - Abstract
Circadian dysfunction is a core feature of bipolar disorder and may be due, at least in part, to abnormalities of non-visual photoreception. We critically review the evidence for light hypersensitivity in bipolar disorder and discuss how this may shape future research and clinical innovation, with a focus on a possible novel mechanism of action for lithium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Visions of deliverance: Social scientization, functionalism, and the expansive purposiveness of state schooling in nineteenth-century British parliamentary politics.
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Smith, Daniel Scott
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NATURAL language processing , *CAPITALIST societies , *POLITICAL oratory , *SOCIAL theory , *POLITICAL elites , *POLITICAL development - Abstract
Early in the nineteenth century, members in the UK Parliament (MPs) hardly ever debated education. When they did, it was nearly always in the context of aid for the religious instruction of the poor. Indeed, even by 1850, nearly two decades after the first Great Reform Act (1832), the Prime Minister Lord John Russell made the case that a system of compulsory state schooling would be immoral and un-British. Yet, by the '80s, MPs debating in Westminster routinely drew connections between schooling and the most critical social issues of the day: social-class mobility and equity, child welfare, national development, emigration, and the civil service, among others. What explains the expanding, and expansive, political uses that elite policymakers put to schooling? How did schooling and education take on such an aggrandized role in society for British statesmen? To address these questions, this paper combines natural language processing techniques, semantic network, discourse, and regression analyses to read and interpret the ∼1.1 million political speeches given in the UK Houses of Parliament during the long nineteenth century (1804–1913). In contrast to explanations emphasizing the direct role that economic, social, and political development as well as conflict played in the UK state's historic expansion, this piece demonstrates how social scientization, the sweeping international epistemic movement that institutionalized and diffused functionalist social theory, created the context that made it possible for political elites to see and promote schooling as an effective policy instrument of greater cultural rationalization supporting the development of capitalist industrial society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Associations between religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours and dietary patterns: analysis of the parental generation in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England.
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Major-Smith, Daniel, Morgan, Jimmy, Emmett, Pauline, Golding, Jean, and Northstone, Kate
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INGESTION , *NUTRITIONAL status , *LONGITUDINAL method , *COHORT analysis , *RELIGIOUS identity , *PREGNANT women - Abstract
Objective: Religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours (RSBB) have been associated with health outcomes, with diet a potential mediator of this relationship. We therefore explored whether RSBB were associated with differences in diet. Design: Dietary patterns and nutrient intakes were derived from food frequency questionnaire completed by pregnant women in 1991–1992 (mean age = 28·3 years, range = 15–46) and by the mothers and partners 4 years post-partum (mothers mean age = 32·3, range = 19–49; partners mean age = 34·5, range = 18–74). RSBB exposures measured in pregnancy included religious belief, affiliation and attendance. We first explored whether RSBBs were associated with dietary patterns in confounder-adjusted linear regression models. If associations were found, we examined whether RSBB were associated with nutrient intake (linear regression) and following nutrient intake guidelines (logistic regression). Setting: Prospective birth cohort study in Southwest England (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; ALSPAC). Participants: 13 689 enrolled mothers and their associated partners. Results: In pregnant women, RSBB were associated with higher 'traditional' (i.e. 'meat and two veg') and lower 'vegetarian' dietary pattern scores. Religious attendance and non-Christian religious affiliation were associated with higher 'health-conscious' dietary pattern scores. Religious attendance was associated with increased micronutrient intake and following recommended micronutrient intake guidelines, with weaker effects for religious belief and affiliation. Comparable patterns were observed for mothers and partners 4 years post-partum, although associations between RSBB and nutrient intakes were weaker for partners. Conclusions: RSBBs are associated with broad dietary patterns and nutrient intake in this cohort. If these reflect causal relationships, diet may potentially mediate the pathway between RSBB and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. The Making of the Modern State: Social Scientization and Education Legislation in the United Kingdom, 1800–1914.
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Smith, Daniel Scott
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Until the 19th century, the UK state stayed out of education. Only in 1833 would Parliament first pass an act that subsidized education for the poor. By 1914, 160 education acts had been passed, consolidating into the state schooling system we recognize today. This paper seeks to explain this remarkable progression. I argue that the emergence of social-knowledge institutions across the West was a powerful force of cultural construction. What I term social scientization, this process was multidimensional and translocal, entailing the elaboration, reification, and diffusion of functionalist theories of the nation-state that centered national education as means to greater cultural rationalization. Longitudinal analyses on comprehensive population data comprising over 10,100 UK parliamentary acts support the core historical insight of this piece: increasingly routine and aggressive forms of state intervention in education were the progressive instantiation of the 19th-century nation-state model, which was fundamentally epistemic in character and inextricably linked to the expansive cultural content of the ascendant social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Best, Worst, and Good Enough
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Hirsch, Jennifer S., primary, Wardlow, Holly, additional, Smith, Daniel Jordan, additional, Phinney, Harriet, additional, Parikh, Shanti, additional, and Nathanson, Constance A., additional
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- 2020
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10. Good Governance in Nigeria: rethinking accountability and transparency in the twenty-first century.
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Smith, Daniel Jordan
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TWENTY-first century , *NIGERIANS , *POLITICAL science , *RESEARCH personnel , *ORGANIZATIONAL transparency , *POLITICIANS - Abstract
"Good Governance in Nigeria: Rethinking Accountability and Transparency in the Twenty-First Century" by Portia Roelofs explores the concept of good governance in Nigeria, challenging the prevailing notion that Nigeria is not a suitable case study for this topic. The author argues for the importance of socially embedded good governance, using the Lagos Model as a focal point. Roelofs deconstructs the concept of neo-patrimonialism and highlights the desire of Nigerian citizens for socially accountable politicians. The book incorporates a wide range of research, including ethnographic fieldwork and archival study, and engages with political theory to examine the implications of socially embedded good governance. The book is well-written and incorporates scholarship from Nigerian researchers, providing a comprehensive understanding of the topic. The author's findings may have practical implications, as Nigeria's new president, Bola Tinubu, was involved in implementing the Lagos Model and may apply its lessons at the national level. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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11. Exploring causality from observational data: An example assessing whether religiosity promotes cooperation.
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Major-Smith, Daniel
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- 2023
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12. Breaking through Depression: New Treatments and Discoveries for Healing.
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Smith, Daniel J.
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HEALING ,MENTAL depression ,PSYCHIATRIC research - Abstract
"Breaking through Depression: New Treatments and Discoveries for Healing" by Philip Gold is a highly recommended book that provides a refreshing change from the many popular science books in the mental health and neuroscience fields that lack evidence and rely on self-promotion. Gold, an expert clinician scientist with 50 years of experience, effectively communicates complex science in simple language. He explores the causes and treatment of depression, emphasizing the importance of combining biological treatments with long-term psychotherapeutic approaches. The book also covers topics such as antidepressants, genetics, circadian rhythms, hormones, psychedelics, and ketamine. While the book is US-centric and focuses on the achievements of researchers from certain institutions, it offers valuable insights and compassion for those interested in the science and treatment of depression. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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13. Planned mode of birth after previous caesarean section and women's use of psychotropic medication in the first year postpartum: a population-based record linkage cohort study.
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Fitzpatrick, Kathryn E., Quigley, Maria A., Smith, Daniel J., and Kurinczuk, Jennifer J.
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CHILDBIRTH ,PSYCHIATRIC drugs ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,VAGINAL birth after cesarean ,PREGNANT women ,PUERPERIUM ,BREASTFEEDING ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models - Abstract
Background: Policy in many high-income settings supports giving pregnant women with previous caesarean section a choice between an elective repeat caesarean section (ERCS) or planning a vaginal birth after previous caesarean (VBAC), provided they have no contraindications to VBAC. Despite the potential for this choice to influence women's mental health, evidence about the associated effect to counsel women and identify potential targets for intervention is limited. This study investigated the association between planned mode of birth after previous caesarean and women's subsequent use of psychotropic medications. Methods: A population-based cohort study of 31 131 women with one or more previous caesarean sections who gave birth to a term singleton in Scotland between 2010 and 2015 with no prior psychotropic medications in the year before birth was conducted using linked Scottish national datasets. Cox regression was used to investigate the association between planned mode of birth and being dispensed psychotropic medications in the first year postpartum adjusted for socio-demographic, medical, pregnancy-related factors and breastfeeding. Results: Planned VBAC (n = 10 220) compared to ERCS (n = 20 911) was associated with a reduced risk of the mother being dispensed any psychotropic medication [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.92], an antidepressant (aHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76–0.90), and at least two consecutive antidepressants (aHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75–0.91) in the first year postpartum. Conclusions: Women giving birth by ERCS were more likely than those having a planned VBAC to be dispensed psychotropic medication including antidepressants in the first year postpartum. Further research is needed to establish the reasons behind this new finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. The Political Economy of Public Pensions
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Norcross, Eileen, primary and Smith, Daniel J., additional
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- 2021
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15. The association between C-reactive protein, mood disorder and cognitive function in UK Biobank European Psychiatry
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Milton, David C., Ward, Joey, Ward, Emilia, Lyall, Donald M., Strawbridge, Rona J., Smith, Daniel J., and Cullen, Breda
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Background:\ud \ud Systemic inflammation has been linked with mood disorder and cognitive impairment. The extent of this relationship remains uncertain, with the effects of serum inflammatory biomarkers compared to genetic predisposition toward inflammation yet to be clearly established.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud We investigated the magnitude of associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) measures, lifetime history of bipolar disorder or major depression, and cognitive function (reaction time and visuospatial memory) in 84,268 UK Biobank participants. CRP was measured in serum and a polygenic risk score for CRP was calculated, based on a published genome-wide association study. Multiple regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical confounders.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud Increased serum CRP was significantly associated with mood disorder history (Kruskal–Wallis H = 196.06, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.002) but increased polygenic risk for CRP was not (F = 0.668, p = 0.648, η2 < 0.001). Compared to the lowest quintile, the highest serum CRP quintile was significantly associated with both negative and positive differences in cognitive performance (fully adjusted models: reaction time B = −0.030, 95% CI = −0.052, −0.008; visuospatial memory B = 0.066, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.089). More severe mood disorder categories were significantly associated with worse cognitive performance and this was not moderated by serum or genetic CRP level.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud \ud In this large cohort study, we found that measured inflammation was associated with mood disorder history, but genetic predisposition to inflammation was not. The association between mood disorder and worse cognitive performance was very small and did not vary by CRP level. The inconsistent relationship between CRP measures and cognitive performance warrants further study.
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- 2021
16. Association of severe mental illness with stroke outcomes and process-of-care quality indicators: nationwide cohort study.
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Fleetwood, Kelly, Wild, Sarah H., Smith, Daniel J., Mercer, Stewart W., Licence, Kirsty, Sudlow, Cathie L. M., and Jackson, Caroline A.
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PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,STROKE ,KEY performance indicators (Management) ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,CLINICAL medicine ,RESEARCH funding ,BIPOLAR disorder ,MENTAL illness ,LONGITUDINAL method ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: Severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with increased stroke risk, but little is known about how SMI relates to stroke prognosis and receipt of acute care.Aims: To determine the association between SMI and stroke outcomes and receipt of process-of-care quality indicators (such as timely admission to stroke unit).Method: We conducted a cohort study using routinely collected linked data-sets, including adults with a first hospital admission for stroke in Scotland during 1991-2014, with process-of-care quality indicator data available from 2010. We identified pre-existing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression from hospital records. We used logistic regression to evaluate 30-day, 1-year and 5-year mortality and receipt of process-of-care quality indicators by pre-existing SMI, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. We used Cox regression to evaluate further stroke and vascular events (stroke and myocardial infarction).Results: Among 228 699 patients who had had a stroke, 1186 (0.5%), 859 (0.4%), 7308 (3.2%) had schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression, respectively. Overall, median follow-up was 2.6 years. Compared with adults without a record of mental illness, 30-day mortality was higher for schizophrenia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.33, 95% CI 1.16-1.52), bipolar disorder (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.18-1.60) and major depression (aOR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.18). Each disorder was also associated with marked increased risk of 1-year and 5-year mortality and further stroke and vascular events. There were no clear differences in receipt of process-of-care quality indicators.Conclusions: Pre-existing SMI was associated with higher risks of mortality and further vascular events. Urgent action is needed to better understand and address the reasons for these disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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17. Money and the Rule of Law
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Boettke, Peter J., primary, Salter, Alexander William, additional, and Smith, Daniel J., additional
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- 2021
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18. Delegating direct democracy: interparty legislative competition and the adoption of the initiative in the American States
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Smith, Daniel A. and Fridkin, Dustin
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Democracy -- United States ,Democracy -- Evaluation ,Legislation -- Methods ,Referendum -- Evaluation ,United States history -- Political aspects ,Political science - Published
- 2008
19. 2007 APSA teaching and learning conference track summaries
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Brown, Mitchell, Coxe, Leland, Richards, David, Boomgaard, Michelle C., Campbell, Molly Vanadore, Engstrom, Richard N., Smith, Daniel E., Nordyke, Shane, Wright, Lee Marcheta, Kuchinsky, Michael, Ediger, Ruth, Zeiser, Pamela A., Jennings, William A., Berg, John C., Boutin, Sean, Brodsky, David, Laws, Serena, Mayer, Russ, Rublee, Maria Rost, Beck, Ann C., Bennion, Elizabeth A., Persaud, Chandraouti R, Wallace, Sherri L., Boutrous, Helen G., Brantley, William A., Gitelson, Alan R., Mauro, Robert M., O'Shaughnessy, Elizabeth, Brandon, Amy L., Dale, Timothy, Elliot, Jeffrey M., McLauchlan, Judithanne Scourfield, Newton, Janice, Fitzpatrick, Jacki, Krejci, Dan, Lester, William, Stewart, Kendra, and Whitt, Christopher
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Political science ,American Political Science Association -- Conferences, meetings and seminars ,American Political Science Association -- Educational aspects - Abstract
A summary of different papers at the lately held 2007 APSA teaching and leaning conference is presented.
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- 2007
20. Deleuze and the history of philosophy
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Smith, Daniel W., primary
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- 2012
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21. Reading History Sideways: The Fallacy and Enduring Impact of the Developmental Paradigm on Family Life
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Smith, Daniel Scott
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Reading History Sideways: The Fallacy and Enduring Impact of the Developmental Paradigm on Family Life (Book) -- Book reviews ,Books -- Book reviews ,History ,Sociology and social work - Published
- 2006
22. Social Scientization and the Schooling State in UK Parliamentary Discourse, 1803–1909.
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Smith, Daniel Scott
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PROFESSIONALIZATION , *BUREAUCRACY , *ECONOMIC development , *NINETEENTH century , *SOCIAL development , *SOCIAL processes , *DISCOURSE - Abstract
Traditional accounts of state expansion and of the rise of state schooling in the nineteenth century emphasize economic, political, and social development as well as conflict and domination. These accounts explain the introduction of new state structures, like ministries of education, rules of compulsion, and the general elaboration of bureaucracies. This article contributes to the historical sociological study of state expansion with specific regard to schooling by refocusing on the role that macrocultural processes of social scientization played in shaping the discursive construction and expansion of the state. Designed to analyze the 1.3 million speeches given in the UK parliament during the nineteenth century, the research reported here supports the argument that the development, professionalization, and institutionalization of the social sciences—social scientization—was a powerful force of cultural construction across the West and was positively associated with expanded notions of the state, as evidenced with the case of the United Kingdom. This article therefore not only provides an important alternative view to those who emphasize economic and social transformation but it also advances the empirical study of the powerful role that social science, as generative institution of cultural construction, played in shaping official discourses of the state—in this instance, the schooling state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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23. Association of antipsychotic use with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies with over 2 million individuals.
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Leung, Janice Ching Nam, Ng, Dora Wai Yee, Chu, Rachel Yui Ki, Chan, Edward Wai Wa, Huang, Lei, Lum, Dawn Hei, Chan, Esther Wai Yin, Smith, Daniel J., Wong, Ian Chi Kei, and Lai, Francisco Tsz Tsun
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ARIPIPRAZOLE ,BREAST cancer ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,DRUG side effects ,ODDS ratio ,WEB databases ,RANDOM effects model - Abstract
Aims: Despite reports of an elevated risk of breast cancer associated with antipsychotic use in women, existing evidence remains inconclusive. We aimed to examine existing observational data in the literature and determine this hypothesised association. Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed and Web of Science™ databases on 27 January 2022 for articles reporting relevant cohort or case-control studies published since inception, supplemented with hand searches of the reference lists of the included articles. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We generated the pooled odds ratio (OR) and pooled hazard ratio (HR) using a random-effects model to quantify the association. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022307913). Results: Nine observational studies, including five cohort and four case-control studies, were eventually included for review (N = 2 031 380) and seven for meta-analysis (N = 1 557 013). All included studies were rated as high-quality (seven to nine stars). Six studies reported a significant association of antipsychotic use with breast cancer, and a stronger association was reported when a greater extent of antipsychotic use, e.g. longer duration, was operationalised as the exposure. Pooled estimates of HRs extracted from cohort studies and ORs from case-control studies were 1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.73] and 1.37 (95% CI 0.90–2.09), suggesting a moderate association of antipsychotic use with breast cancer. Conclusions: Antipsychotic use is moderately associated with breast cancer, possibly mediated by prolactin-elevating properties of certain medications. This risk should be weighed against the potential treatment effects for a balanced prescription decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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24. Impacts of roads on ecological networks and integration of conservation and transportation planning: Florida as a case study
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Smith, Daniel J., primary
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- 2004
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25. Associations between schizophrenia genetic risk, anxiety disorders and manic/hypomanic episode in a New Zealand longitudinal population cohort study
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Richards, Alexander, Horwood, John, Boden, Joseph, Kennedy, Martin, Sellers, Ruth, Riglin, Lucy, Mistry, Sumit, Jones, Hannah, Smith, Daniel J., Zammit, Stanley, Owen, Michael, O'Donovan, Michael C., and Harold, Gordon T.
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mental disorders ,behavioral disciplines and activities - Abstract
Background Studies involving clinically recruited samples show that genetic liability to schizophrenia overlaps with that for several psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, major depression and, in a population study, anxiety disorder and negative symptoms in adolescence. Aims We examined whether, at a population level, association between schizophrenia liability and anxiety disorders continues into adulthood, for specific anxiety disorders and as a group. We explored in an epidemiologically based cohort the nature of adult psychopathology sharing liability to schizophrenia. Method Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated for 590 European-descent individuals from the Christchurch Health and Development Study. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between schizophrenia PRS and four anxiety disorders (social phobia, specific phobia, panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder), schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder, manic/hypomanic episode, alcohol dependence, major depression, and – using linear regression – total number of anxiety disorders. A novel population-level association with hypomania was tested in a UK birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children). Results Schizophrenia PRS was associated with total number of anxiety disorders and with generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder. We show a novel population-level association between schizophrenia PRS and manic/hypomanic episode. Conclusions The relationship between schizophrenia liability and anxiety disorders is not restricted to psychopathology in adolescence but is present in adulthood and specifically linked to generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder. We suggest that the association between schizophrenia liability and hypomanic/manic episodes found in clinical samples may not be due to bias.
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- 2019
26. Workshops Without Borders: Building an Online Community of Japan Scholars.
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Catalinac, Amy, Crabtree, Charles, Davis, Christina L., Fujihira, Shinju, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Lipscy, Phillip Y., Rosenbluth, Frances McCall, and Smith, Daniel M.
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The article describes JPOSS and its advantages for community and it summarizes logistical and technical challenges including examines that the Japanese domestic and international politics and use various qualitative and quantitative approaches.
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- 2022
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27. Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts.
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Kwong, Alex S. F., Pearson, Rebecca M., Adams, Mark J., Northstone, Kate, Tilling, Kate, Smith, Daniel, Fawns-Ritchie, Chloe, Bould, Helen, Warne, Naomi, Zammit, Stanley, Gunnell, David J., Moran, Paul A., Micali, Nadia, Reichenberg, Abraham, Hickman, Matthew, Rai, Dheeraj, Haworth, Simon, Campbell, Archie, Altschul, Drew, and Flaig, Robin
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COVID-19 pandemic ,MENTAL health ,ANXIETY disorders ,PANDEMICS ,MENTAL depression ,DYSTHYMIC disorder - Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures are likely to have a marked effect on mental health. It is important to use longitudinal data to improve inferences.Aims: To quantify the prevalence of depression, anxiety and mental well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, to identify groups at risk of depression and/or anxiety during the pandemic.Method: Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) index generation (n = 2850, mean age 28 years) and parent generation (n = 3720, mean age 59 years), and Generation Scotland (n = 4233, mean age 59 years). Depression was measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire in ALSPAC and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Generation Scotland. Anxiety and mental well-being were measured with the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 and the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale.Results: Depression during the pandemic was similar to pre-pandemic levels in the ALSPAC index generation, but those experiencing anxiety had almost doubled, at 24% (95% CI 23-26%) compared with a pre-pandemic level of 13% (95% CI 12-14%). In both studies, anxiety and depression during the pandemic was greater in younger members, women, those with pre-existing mental/physical health conditions and individuals in socioeconomic adversity, even when controlling for pre-pandemic anxiety and depression.Conclusions: These results provide evidence for increased anxiety in young people that is coincident with the pandemic. Specific groups are at elevated risk of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is important for planning current mental health provisions and for long-term impact beyond this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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28. The relationship between antihypertensive medications and mood disorders: analysis of linked healthcare data for 1.8 million patients.
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Shaw, Richard J., Mackay, Daniel, Pell, Jill P., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Bailey, David S., and Smith, Daniel J.
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ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANGIOTENSINS ,CALCIUM antagonists ,PATIENTS ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,COMPARATIVE studies ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,MENTAL depression ,DRUG prescribing ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PHYSICIAN practice patterns ,BIPOLAR disorder ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,CHEMICAL inhibitors - Abstract
Background: Recent work suggests that antihypertensive medications may be useful as repurposed treatments for mood disorders. Using large-scale linked healthcare data we investigated whether certain classes of antihypertensive, such as angiotensin antagonists (AAs) and calcium channel blockers, were associated with reduced risk of new-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Method: Two cohorts of patients treated with antihypertensives were identified from Scottish prescribing (2009–2016) and hospital admission (1981–2016) records. Eligibility for cohort membership was determined by a receipt of a minimum of four prescriptions for antihypertensives within a 12-month window. One treatment cohort (n = 538 730) included patients with no previous history of mood disorder, whereas the other (n = 262 278) included those who did. Both cohorts were matched by age, sex and area deprivation to untreated comparators. Associations between antihypertensive treatment and new-onset MDD or bipolar episodes were investigated using Cox regression. Results: For patients without a history of mood disorder, antihypertensives were associated with increased risk of new-onset MDD. For AA monotherapy, the hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset MDD was 1.17 (95% CI 1.04–1.31). Beta blockers' association was stronger (HR 2.68; 95% CI 2.45–2.92), possibly indicating pre-existing anxiety. Some classes of antihypertensive were associated with protection against BD, particularly AAs (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.30–0.70). For patients with a past history of mood disorders, all classes of antihypertensives were associated with increased risk of future episodes of MDD. Conclusions: There was no evidence that antihypertensive medications prevented new episodes of MDD but AAs may represent a novel treatment avenue for BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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29. The Pentecostal prosperity gospel in Nigeria: paradoxes of corruption and inequality.
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Smith, Daniel Jordan
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CORRUPTION , *EQUALITY , *SCANDALS , *POLITICAL culture , *PARADOX - Abstract
Preachers of the prosperity gospel in Nigeria criticise politicians' greed and government corruption, even as many church leaders amass great wealth themselves. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article explores the relationship between Pentecostalism's prosperity gospel and political culture in Nigeria, especially as it pertains to problems of inequality and corruption. The analysis builds on a case study of one particular prosperity church in the city of Umuahia. It addresses the paradox that this brand of Pentecostalism articulates widespread discontent with the venality plaguing national political culture, while at the same time offering divine justification for the pursuit and accumulation of wealth. Examining not only Pentecostals' interpretations of corruption, but also people's responses to scandals within these churches, the paper attempts to understand why Nigerians who are so aggrieved about corruption and inequality are at the same time drawn to churches that appear to reproduce many of the same dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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30. Marian Burchardt, Faith in the Time of AIDS: religion, hiopolities and modernity in South Africa
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Smith, Daniel Jordan
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Faith in the Time of AIDS: Religion, Hiopolities and Modernity in South Africa (Nonfiction work) -- Burchardt, Marian -- Book reviews ,History - Abstract
Marian Burchardt, Faith in the Time of AIDS: religion, hiopolities and modernity in South Africa. London: Palgrave Macmillan (hb 68 [pounds sterling]-978 1 137 47776 7). 2015, xi + 215 [...]
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- 2017
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31. The influence of surface roughness on postcritical flow over circular cylinders revisited – CORRIGENDUM.
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Pasam, Anil, Smith, Daniel Tudball, Holmes, John D., Burton, David, and Thompson, Mark C.
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An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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32. Contemporary Views of Liberal Democracy and the 2016 Presidential Election.
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Hicks, William D., McKee, Seth C., and Smith, Daniel A.
- Abstract
What are Americans' views on liberal democracy? Have their attitudes changed since the 1950s? How do their attitudes about liberal democracy shape political behavior, such as vote choice? We replicated McClosky's (1964) seminal study on a module to the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. Our exploration of 26 survey questions reveals both continuity and change in Americans' attitudes toward liberal democracy. Whereas Americans have become more hostile toward some standard democratic procedural rules of the game, we also find that they harbor more tolerant attitudes toward racial and ethnic equality. We subjected respondents' answers to an exploratory factor analysis, which reveals three distinct dimensions regarding democratic values: elitism, authoritarianism, and racial supremacy. We find that elitism and racial supremacy significantly influenced political behavior in the 2016 presidential election and note that these factors contributed to mass unrest in 2020, exposing fault lines deeply rooted in America's contentious political history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Relatedness within and between Agta residential groups.
- Author
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Dyble, Mark, Migliano, Andrea Bamberg, Page, Abigail E., and Smith, Daniel
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Voting Lines, Equal Treatment, and Early Voting Check-In Times in Florida.
- Author
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Cottrell, David, Herron, Michael C., and Smith, Daniel A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Culture and causal inference: The impact of cultural differences on the generalisability of findings from Mendelian randomisation studies.
- Author
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Campbell, Amy, Munafò, Marcus R., Sallis, Hannah M., Pearson, Rebecca M., and Smith, Daniel
- Subjects
CAUSAL inference ,CROSS-cultural differences ,GENETIC variation ,GENOTYPES ,PHENOTYPES - Abstract
Cultural effects can influence the results of causal genetic analyses, such as Mendelian randomisation, but the potential influences of culture on genotype–phenotype associations are not currently well understood. Different genetic variants could be associated with different phenotypes in different populations, or culture could confound or influence the direction of the association between genotypes and phenotypes in different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Genetic stratification of depression by neuroticism: revisiting a diagnostic tradition.
- Author
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Adams, Mark J., Howard, David M., Luciano, Michelle, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Davies, Gail, Hill, W. David, Smith, Daniel, Deary, Ian J., Porteous, David J., and McIntosh, Andrew M.
- Subjects
MENTAL depression genetics ,MENTAL depression risk factors ,ANOREXIA nervosa ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CORONARY disease ,DISEASE susceptibility ,GENETICS ,BIPOLAR disorder ,MENTAL illness ,NEUROSES ,PERSONALITY ,PUBERTY ,RISK assessment ,ULCERATIVE colitis ,PHENOTYPES ,GENOMICS - Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder and neuroticism (Neu) share a large genetic basis. We sought to determine whether this shared basis could be decomposed to identify genetic factors that are specific to depression. Methods: We analysed summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depression (from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 23andMe and UK Biobank) and compared them with GWAS of Neu (from UK Biobank). First, we used a pairwise GWAS analysis to classify variants as associated with only depression, with only Neu or with both. Second, we estimated partial genetic correlations to test whether the depression's genetic link with other phenotypes was explained by shared overlap with Neu. Results: We found evidence that most genomic regions (25/37) associated with depression are likely to be shared with Neu. The overlapping common genetic variance of depression and Neu was genetically correlated primarily with psychiatric disorders. We found that the genetic contributions to depression, that were not shared with Neu, were positively correlated with metabolic phenotypes and cardiovascular disease, and negatively correlated with the personality trait conscientiousness. After removing shared genetic overlap with Neu, depression still had a specific association with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, coronary artery disease and age of first birth. Independent of depression, Neu had specific genetic correlates in ulcerative colitis, pubertal growth, anorexia and education. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that, while genetic risk factors for depression are largely shared with Neu, there are also non-Neu-related features of depression that may be useful for further patient or phenotypic stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Incidence of ischaemic heart disease and stroke among people with psychiatric disorders: retrospective cohort study.
- Author
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Jackson, Caroline A., Kerssens, Joannes, Fleetwood, Kelly, Smith, Daniel J., Mercer, Stewart W., and Wild, Sarah H.
- Subjects
MENTAL illness ,HEART diseases ,BIPOLAR disorder ,STROKE ,COHORT analysis ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,RESEARCH ,MYOCARDIAL ischemia ,RESEARCH methodology ,DISEASE incidence ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background: Psychiatric disorders are associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, but it is not known whether the associations or the role of sociodemographic factors have changed over time.Aims: To investigate the association between psychiatric disorders and IHD and stroke, by time period and sociodemographic factors.Method: We used Scottish population-based records from 1991 to 2015 to create retrospective cohorts with a hospital record for psychiatric disorders of interest (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or depression) or no record of hospital admission for mental illness. We estimated incidence and relative risks of IHD and stroke in people with versus without psychiatric disorders by calendar year, age, gender and area-based deprivation level.Results: In all cohorts, incidence of IHD (645 393 events) and stroke (276 073 events) decreased over time, but relative risks decreased for depression only. In 2015, at the mean age at event onset, relative risks were 2- to 2.5-fold higher in people with versus without a psychiatric disorder. Age at incidence of outcome differed by cohort, gender and socioeconomic status. Relative but not absolute risks were generally higher in women than men. Increasing deprivation conveys a greater absolute risk of IHD for people with bipolar disorder or depression.Conclusions: Despite declines in absolute rates of IHD and stroke, relative risks remain high in those with versus without psychiatric disorders. Cardiovascular disease monitoring and prevention approaches may need to be tailored by psychiatric disorder and cardiovascular outcome, and be targeted, for example, by age and deprivation level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Does threatening their franchise make registered voters more likely to participate? Evidence from an aborted voter purge.
- Author
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Biggers, Daniel R. and Smith, Daniel A.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTIONS , *VOTERS , *PSYCHOLOGICAL reactance - Abstract
Prior research predicts that election administration changes that increase voting costs should decrease participation, but it fails to consider that some interpret those changes as attacking their franchise. Drawing on psychological reactance theory, this study tests whether such perceived attacks might instead activate those citizens. It leverages the State of Florida's multi-stage effort in 2012 to purge suspected non-citizens from its voter rolls, comparing the voting rates of suspected non-citizens whose registration was and was not formally challenged by the state. Within-registrant difference-in-difference and matching analyses estimate a positive, significant participatory effect of being challenged, particularly for Hispanics (the vast majority of the sample). Placebo tests show that those challenged were no more likely than those not challenged to vote in previous elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Measuring the Competitiveness of Elections.
- Author
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Cox, Gary W., Fiva, Jon H., and Smith, Daniel M.
- Subjects
PLURALITY voting ,RUNOFF elections ,ELECTIONS ,PROPORTIONAL representation ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
The concept of electoral competition plays a central role in many subfields of political science, but no consensus exists on how to measure it. One key challenge is how to conceptualize and measure electoral competitiveness at the district level across alternative electoral systems. Recent efforts to meet this challenge have introduced general measures of competitiveness which rest on explicit calculations about how votes translate into seats, but also implicit assumptions about how effort maps into votes (and how costly effort is). We investigate how assumptions about the effort-to-votes mapping affect the units in which competitiveness is best measured, arguing in favor of vote-share-denominated measures and against vote-share-per-seat measures. Whether elections under multimember proportional representation systems are judged more or less competitive than single-member plurality or runoff elections depends directly on the units in which competitiveness is assessed (and hence on assumptions about how effort maps into votes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Cultural group selection and human cooperation: a conceptual and empirical review.
- Author
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Smith, Daniel
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Global WEIRDing: transitions in wild plant knowledge and treatment preferences in Congo hunter-gatherers.
- Author
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Salali, Gul Deniz, Dyble, Mark, Chaudhary, Nikhil, Sikka, Gaurav, Derkx, Inez, Keestra, Sarai M., Smith, Daniel, Thompson, James, Vinicius, Lucio, and Migliano, Andrea Bamberg
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Identifying voter preferences for politicians' personal attributes: a conjoint experiment in Japan.
- Author
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Horiuchi, Yusaku, Smith, Daniel M., and Yamamoto, Teppei
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and season of birth within the UK Biobank cohort.
- Author
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Escott-Price, Valentina, Smith, Daniel J., Kendall, Kimberley, Ward, Joey, Kirov, George, Owen, Michael J., Walters, James, and O'Donovan, Michael C.
- Subjects
- *
SCHIZOPHRENIA risk factors , *ALLELES , *CHILDBIRTH , *GENETICS , *RISK assessment , *SEASONS , *TIME , *TISSUE banks , *ENVIRONMENTAL exposure - Abstract
Background: There is strong evidence that people born in winter and in spring have a small increased risk of schizophrenia. As this 'season of birth' effect underpins some of the most influential hypotheses concerning potentially modifiable risk exposures, it is important to exclude other possible explanations for the phenomenon. Methods: Here we sought to determine whether the season of birth effect reflects gene-environment confounding rather than a pathogenic process indexing environmental exposure. We directly measured, in 136 538 participants from the UK Biobank (UKBB), the burdens of common schizophrenia risk alleles and of copy number variants known to increase the risk for the disorder, and tested whether these were correlated with a season of birth. Results: Neither genetic measure was associated with season or month of birth within the UKBB sample. Conclusions: As our study was highly powered to detect small effects, we conclude that the season of birth effect in schizophrenia reflects a true pathogenic effect of environmental exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Understanding cognitive impairment in mood disorders: mediation analyses in the UK Biobank cohort.
- Author
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Cullen, Breda, Smith, Daniel J., Deary, Ian J., Pell, Jill P., Keyes, Katherine M., and Evans, Jonathan J.
- Subjects
AFFECTIVE disorders ,MENTAL depression ,BIPOLAR disorder ,REACTION time ,COGNITION disorders - Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment is strongly linked with persistent disability in people with mood disorders, but the factors that explain cognitive impairment in this population are unclear.Aims: To estimate the total effect of (a) bipolar disorder and (b) major depression on cognitive function, and the magnitude of the effect that is explained by potentially modifiable intermediate factors.Method: Cross-sectional study using baseline data from the UK Biobank cohort. Participants were categorised as having bipolar disorder (n = 2709), major depression (n = 50 975) or no mood disorder (n = 102 931 and n = 105 284). The outcomes were computerised tests of reasoning, reaction time and memory. The potential mediators were cardiometabolic disease and psychotropic medication. Analyses were informed by graphical methods and controlled for confounding using regression, propensity score-based methods and G-computation.Results: Group differences of small magnitude were found on a visuospatial memory test. Z-score differences for the bipolar disorder group were in the range -0.23 to -0.17 (95% CI -0.39 to -0.03) across different estimation methods, and for the major depression group they were approximately -0.07 (95% CI -0.10 to -0.03). One-quarter of the effect was mediated via psychotropic medication in the bipolar disorder group (-0.05; 95% CI -0.09 to -0.01). No evidence was found for mediation via cardiometabolic disease.Conclusions: In a large community-based sample in middle to early old age, bipolar disorder and depression were associated with lower visuospatial memory performance, in part potentially due to psychotropic medication use. Mood disorders and their treatments will have increasing importance for population cognitive health as the proportion of older adults continues to grow.Declaration Of Interest: I.J.D. is a UK Biobank participant. J.P.P. is a member of the UK Biobank Steering Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Moliere, the French Revolution, and the Theatrical Afterlife
- Author
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Smith, Daniel
- Subjects
Moliere, the French Revolution, and the Theatrical Afterlife (Nonfiction work) -- Book reviews ,Books -- Book reviews ,Arts, visual and performing - Published
- 2010
46. An Americanist in Africa
- Author
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Smith, Daniel A.
- Subjects
United States -- Political aspects ,Workshops (Educational programs) -- Evaluation ,Political science - Published
- 2009
47. Overturning term limits: the legislature's own private Idaho?
- Author
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Smith, Daniel A.
- Subjects
Legitimacy of governments -- Evaluation ,Legislative bodies -- Evaluation ,Legislative bodies -- United States ,Political science - Abstract
The Idaho legislature in the late January 2000 overturned a 1994 statutory initiative, which mandated term limits for nearly all-state and local elected officials. Through this action, Idaho became the first state to completely strike down citizen-imposed term limits.
- Published
- 2003
48. The associations between self-reported depression, self-reported chronic inflammatory conditions and cognitive abilities in UK Biobank.
- Author
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Lyall, Laura M., Cullen, Breda, Lyall, Donald M., Leighton, Samuel P., Siebert, Stefan, Smith, Daniel J., and Cavanagh, Jonathan
- Subjects
COGNITIVE ability ,CHRONIC diseases ,COGNITIVE testing ,TRAIL Making Test ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors - Abstract
Depression and chronic inflammatory medical conditions have been linked to impaired cognitive ability. However despite frequent comorbidity, their combined association with cognitive ability has rarely been examined. This study examined associations between self-reported depression and chronic inflammatory diseases and their interaction with cognitive performance in 456,748 participants of the UK Biobank, adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Numbers with available data ranged from 94,899 to 453,208 depending on the cognitive test. Self-reported depression was associated with poorer performance compared to controls in several cognitive tests (fully adjusted models, reaction time: B = 6.08, 95% CI = 5.09, 7.07; pairs matching: incidence rate ratio = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.03; Trail Making Test B: B = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.88, 1.87; Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST): B = −0.35, 95% CI = −0.44, −0.27). Self-reported chronic inflammatory conditions were associated with slower reaction time (B = 3.79, 95% CI = 2.81, 4.78) and lower DSST scores (B = −0.21, 95% CI = −0.30, −0.13). No interaction effects were observed. In this large, population-based study we provide evidence of lower cognitive performance in both depression and a comprehensive category of chronic inflammatory conditions. Results are consistent with additive effects of both types of disorder on cognitive ability. Clinicians should be aware of such effects, particularly as cognitive impairment is linked to poorer disease outcomes and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Changes in prescribing for bipolar disorder between 2009 and 2016: national-level data linkage study in Scotland.
- Author
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Lyall, Laura M., Penades, Nagore, and Smith, Daniel J.
- Subjects
BIPOLAR disorder ,RANDOM effects model ,ODDS ratio ,THERAPEUTICS ,DRUG utilization statistics ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PSYCHIATRIC drugs ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Background: People with bipolar disorder typically require long-term pharmacological treatment to prevent episodes of depression or mania. However, evidence-based guidelines are often not followed by prescribers and, in some countries, prescribing of lithium is in decline. Polypharmacy is also common in bipolar disorder.AimsTo employ a data linkage approach to describe and evaluate prescribing patterns in bipolar disorder in Scotland between 2009 and 2016.Method: By linking prescribing data to the electronic Scottish Morbidity Records, we identified a cohort of 23 135 patients with bipolar disorder who were prescribed psychotropic medication between 2009 and 2016. We examined trends in proportions of patients prescribed each of six drug categories. Random effects logistic models examined change in prescribing over years of interest.Results: The most common form of treatment was antidepressant monotherapy (24.96%), with only 5.90% of patients receiving lithium monotherapy. Prescribing of antipsychotics and anti-epileptics increased from 2009 to 2016 (antipsychotics: odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.15-1.18; anti-epileptics: odds ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.32-1.36), whereas prescribing of lithium decreased (odds ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.82-0.85). Prescribing of valproate decreased from 2009-2016 in women, but increased in men (women: odds ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.97; men: odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.18).Conclusions: Antidepressant monotherapy was the most common form of treatment for bipolar disorder in Scotland and prescribing of lithium has declined between 2009 and 2016. The findings are concerning and represent a gap between treatment guidelines and clinical practice.Declaration of interestNone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Comeback Kid: Donald Trump on Election Day in 2016.
- Author
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McKee, Seth C., Smith, Daniel A., and Hood III, M. V. (Trey)
- Abstract
The surprise outcome of the 2016 presidential election continues to raise more questions as experts grapple with the evidence for why most prognosticators considered a Hillary Clinton victory almost certain. This article uses the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study data to show that a primary explanation for why the election of Donald Trump was difficult to predict is that the bulk of his support did not materialize until Election Day, in the battleground states that he had to carry to win the Electoral College. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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