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"The Border Within: The Economics of Immigration in an Age of Fear" by Tara Watson and Kalee Thompson is a comprehensive analysis of the costs and benefits of interior immigration enforcement in the United States. The authors present a balanced and accurate picture of immigration and immigration policy, highlighting the devastating costs to individual immigrants, their families, and their communities. The book is divided into three sections, covering the economic implications of immigration, the interior enforcement policies of ICE, and the impact of enforcement on immigrants and their communities. The authors provide evidence that poorly educated U.S. residents are most affected by immigration, and they offer practical recommendations for a more humane and effective enforcement strategy. [Extracted from the article]

Chapter 1 describes the lives of prospective immigrants to illustrate how immigration surveillance affects the decision-making process of migration and the immigrants' initial interpretations of surveillance. In I Engage and Evade i , Asad L. Asad offers a provocative intervention that challenges the popular and scholarly understandings of institutional surveillance on undocumented immigrants. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To identify factors influencing Black immigrant mothers' perceptions and concerns about child weight and to compare children's diet quality according to these perceptions and concerns. Design: Mothers' perceptions and concerns about child weight were assessed with sex-specific figure rating scales and the Child Feeding Questionnaire, respectively. Participants' weights and heights were measured and characterised using WHO references. Children's dietary intakes were estimated using a 24-h dietary recall. Children's diet quality was evaluated using the relative proportion of their energy intake provided by ultra-processed products, which were identified with the NOVA classification. χ2 tests, multivariate logistic regressions and t tests were performed. Setting: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Black immigrant mothers of Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean origin (n 186) and their 6–12-year-old children. Results: Among mothers, 32·4 % perceived their child as having overweight while 48·4 % expressed concerns about child weight. Girls and children with overweight or obesity were significantly more likely to be perceived as having overweight by their mothers than boys and normal-weight children, respectively. Mothers of children living with obesity, but not overweight, were significantly more likely to be concerned about their child's weight than mothers of normal-weight children. Children's diet quality did not differ according to mothers' perceptions and concerns. Conclusions: Children's gender and weight status were major determinants of perceptions and concerns about child weight among Black immigrant mothers. Including knowledge about mothers' perceptions and concerns about child weight will help nutrition professionals develop interventions tailored to specific family needs within the context of their cultural backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Le contrôle excessif est considéré par différents organismes communautaires et institutions du Québec comme une des représentations des violences basées sur l'honneur (VBH) au même titre que les mariages forcés, les mutilations génitales féminines (MGF) et les violences physiques ou psychologiques. En 2016, pour la première fois, le législateur québécois a ajouté le contrôle excessif à la liste des mauvais traitements psychologiques explicitement reconnus par la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse (LPJ). Toutefois, aucune définition juridique, jurisprudentielle, politique ou même doctrinale du contrôle excessif n'accompagne cette reconnaissance juridique. Pourtant, il existe, sur le terrain et dans différentes décisions judiciaires, des situations où l'existence du contrôle excessif est reconnue par divers intervenants du système. L'objectif du présent article est d'appréhender le phénomène du contrôle excessif à partir, d'abord, d'un examen doctrinal et juridique, autant fédéral que provincial, concernant les VBH en général, et ensuite, d'une analyse jurisprudentielle des décisions de la Chambre de la Jeunesse de la Cour du Québec associées particulièrement au contrôle excessif. Le tout permettra de proposer une définition du contrôle excessif dans le contexte des VBH, dans le but de mieux identifier cette violence intrafamiliale spécifique et de mieux intervenir auprès des victimes et de leur famille. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between first and second language in early vocabulary acquisition in bilingual children is still debated in the literature. This study compared the expressive vocabulary of 39 equivalently low-SES two-year-old bilingual children from immigrant families with different heritage languages (Romanian vs. Nigerian English) and the same majority language (Italian). Vocabulary size, vocabulary composition and translation equivalents (TEs) were assessed using the Italian/L1 versions of the CDI. Higher vocabulary in Italian than in the heritage language emerged in both groups. Moreover, Romanian-Italian-speaking children produced higher proportions of TEs than Nigerian English-Italian-speaking children, suggesting that L1-L2 phonological similarity facilitates the acquisition of cross-linguistic synonyms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research on political participation suggests that parental resources strongly predict participation. Other research indicates that salient political events can push individuals to participate. I offer a novel explanation of how mundane household experiences translate to political engagement, even in settings where low participation levels are typically found, such as immigrant communities. I hypothesize that experiences requiring children of Latinx immigrants to take on "adult" responsibilities provide an environment where children learn the skills needed to overcome the costs associated with participation. I test this hypothesis using three datasets: a survey of Latinx students, a representative survey of young adults, and a 10-year longitudinal study. The analyses demonstrate that Latinx children of immigrants taking on adult responsibilities exhibit higher levels of political activity compared with those who do not. These findings provide new insights into how the cycle of generational political inequality is overcome in unexpected ways and places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In September 2012, the Dutch Supreme Court upheld a judgment of the Hague Court of Appeal that the eviction from basic shelter of a mother and her minor children, who did not have legal residence in the Netherlands, was unlawful. This ruling was instigated by a radically new interpretation of the European Social Charter's personal scope and caused a major shift in Dutch policy. This article provides a case study into the legal reasoning adopted by the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. It argues that, instead of relying on legal doctrinal reasoning for justifying the outcome, both courts referred to factors that the general public relies on to assess people's deservingness of welfare. This finding raises fundamental questions about the relationship between human rights law and deservingness; and calls, therefore, for further research into the relevance of deservingness criteria in judicial discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ed Zigler was a champion for underprivileged youth, one who worked alongside communities to fight for long-lasting systemic changes that were informed by his lifespan and ecological perspective on the development of the whole child. This paper reports on the development, implementation, and preliminary outcomes of an intervention that embodied the Zigler approach by adopting a community participatory research lens to integrate complementary insights across community-based providers (promotoras), Latinx immigrant families, and developmental psychologists in the service of promoting parent–child relationship quality and preventing youth aggression and violence. Analyses from the first 112 Latinx mother–youth dyad participants (46% female children, ages 8–17) in the resultant, Confía en mí, Confío en ti, eight-week intervention revealed significant pre–post increases in purported mechanisms of change (i.e., attachment security, reflective functioning) and early intervention outcomes (i.e., depressive, anxiety, and externalizing problems). Treatment responses varied by youth age. A case analysis illustrated the lived experiences of the women and children served by this intervention. We discuss future directions for the program, as well as challenges to its sustainability. Finally, we consider Ed's legacy as we discuss the contributions of this work to developmental science and our understanding of attachment relationships among low-income immigrant Latinx families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I reflect on the contradictions that arise from a personal experience of conflict with my father and the clash of traditional Filipino gender norms in the context of the practice of name changes within the institution of marriage and intersecting feminist critiques of patriarchy. My understanding of the Tagalog amor propio is self-love or self-pride within Filipino culture and signifies one's authority, place, and meaning in the community. As a concept of authority, amor propio encourages practices of respect toward the authority figure. In the context of the home, amor propio is attributed to the father, and members of the family ought to respect his amor propio. This essay examines my own conflicted relationship with my father and my attempts to navigate the complex terrain of amor propio, as a Filipina, feminist/peminist, dutiful daughter. Filipino immigrant families face distinct challenges within family life owing to globalization, colonialism, and racism, so I find Jane Addams's social ethics of filial relations helpful in framing the tension between individual and social claims within the specific cultural values expected of Filipina women as dutiful daughters. Addams's feminist social sensibilities in her work at Hull House were attuned to the plight of daughters and the conflicting claims of the family emergent within the crowded immigrant neighborhoods in Chicago. She was able to articulate and sympathetically understand the generational divide within immigrant families at Hull House and sought to bridge these differences within the context of the family. I reflect on her work in my own experience as a dutiful Filipina daughter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Brazilians comprise a rapidly growing immigrant Latino group in the USA, yet little research has focused on health issues affecting Brazilian children in immigrant families. As increasing evidence is documenting fathers' influential role in their children's eating behaviours and ultimately weight status, the current study sought to explore the Brazilian immigrant fathers' perspectives and practices related to child's feeding practices and their preschool-aged children's eating.Design: Qualitative study using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted in Portuguese by native Brazilian research staff using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed thematically using a hybrid approach that incorporated deductive and inductive analytical approaches.Setting: Massachusetts.Participants: Twenty-one Brazilian immigrant fathers who had at least one child aged 2-5 years.Results: Results revealed fathers' awareness of the importance of healthy eating for their children, their influence as role models and their involvement in feeding routines of their preschool-aged children. Moreover, fathers were receptive to participating in family interventions to promote their children's healthy eating. Nearly all fathers reported wanting to learn more and to do 'what's right' for their children.Conclusions: The current study provides new information about Brazilian immigrant fathers' views about factors influencing their children's healthy eating behaviours and paternal feeding practices. Future research should quantify fathers' feeding styles and practices and solicit fathers' input in the design of culturally appropriate family interventions targeting the home environment of preschool-aged children of Brazilian immigrant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Punjabi (Western, ISO-639-3 pnb) is an Indo-Aryan language (Indo-European, Indo-Iranian) spoken in Pakistan and India, and in immigrant communities in the UK, Canada, USA, and elsewhere. In terms of number of native speakers, it is ranked 10th among the world's languages, with more than 100 million speakers (Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016). Aspects of the phonology of different varieties of Punjabi have been described in Jain (1934), Arun (1961), Gill & Gleason (1962), Singh (1971), Dulai & Koul (1980), Bhatia (1993), Malik (1995), Shackle (2003), and Dhillon (2010). Much of this literature is focused on Eastern varieties, and the phonology of Western Punjabi dialects has received relatively less attention (e.g. Bahri 1962, Baart 2003, 2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A growing body of research have devoted into suicide and deliberate self-harm in immigrant population, but no study has examined how reason for immigrating to the host country differentiates the risks. Objectives: To gain firm insight into suicide and deliberate self-harm among peopel with immigrant background. Methods: Norwegian registers were interlinked to identify all individuals who died by suicide in 1992-2018 and who received emergency treatment for non-fatal deliberate self-harm (DSH) in 2008-2018, and to construct the respective databases via a nested case-control design. Rates and relative risks of suicide and DSH were assessed according to immigrant background, country of birth and reasons of immigration, and in the context of personal socioeconomic status. Results: People with an immigrant background accounted for 11.6% of all suicides in 1992-2018 and 17.9% of all DSH incidents treated in hospital emergency departments in 2008-2018. The rates of both suicide and DSH were highest in people born abroad with two Norway-born parents (mean rate: 19.4/100 000 for suicide and 280.9/100 000 for DSH) and lowest in the second-generation immigrants. Compared with the native Norwegians, suicide risk was significantly higher for those foreign-born with two Norway-born parents (HR=1.50) and those born in Norway with 1 one foreign-born parent (HR=1.20), but was significantly lower for the first- and second-generation immigrants. The associated risks remained almost unchanged when the data were adjusted for personal differences in education, marital status, income and place of residence in Norway. The analyses on deliberate self-harm exhibited similar patterns of results as for suicide, although the estimated reduced risks in the first- and second-generation immigrant is somewhat smaller. Evidently, the risks for suicide and DSH varied significantly by reason of immigration and country of origin. Immigrants coming for education had the lowest risk for suicide and self-harm, and those coming for work the second lowest. The risks for immigrants coming for family unity were lower than the natives, but significantly higher than counterparts coming for job or education from the same country. Among immigrants coming to Norway as a refugee or asylum seeker, the risk of suicide was comparably high as those coming for work, but the relative risk for self-harm was significantly higher. The increased risks associated with the mixed immigration background tended to be slightly higher in females than in males, and were likely confined to adoptee population. Conclusions: Risks for suicide and deliberate self-harm in people with an immigrant background differs significantly by reason of immigration and country of origin. The findings should be taken into account in efforts of mental healthcare and suicide prevention targeting immigrant population. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many children learn language, in part, from the speech of non-native speakers who vary in their language proficiency. To investigate the influence of speaker proficiency on the quality of child-directed speech, 29 mothers who were native English speakers and 31 mothers who were native speakers of Spanish and who reported speaking English to their children on a regular basis were recorded interacting with their two-year-old children in English. Of the non-native speakers, 21 described their English proficiency as 'good', and eight described their English proficiency as 'limited'. ANCOVAs, controlling for differences in maternal education and child language level, revealed significant effects of group on lexical and grammatical properties of child-directed speech that the literature has identified as positive predictors of child language development. These results suggest that the child-directed speech of native speakers and non-native speakers with good proficiency provide a richer database for language acquisition than the child-directed speech of speakers with limited proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When immigrant children are separated from their parents, inexorable medical and legal harms result. Family separation violates a fundamental right of parents to participate in medical decisions involving their children. This paper reviews and contributes to evolving analyses of the public health, legal, and ethical consequences of immigration policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Immigrants in the USA are confronted with health disparities, including childhood obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. We aimed to identify perceptions of childhood body weight, approaches to raising healthy children and desires for supportive programmes of Somali, Latino and Hmong (SLM) parents in the Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.Design: Using community-based participatory research, ten focus groups (FG) were conducted with sixty-seven parents (n 28 Somali, three FG; n 19 Latino, four FG; n 20 Hmong, three FG) of 3-12-year-old children in their native language. Demographic information was collected.Results: SLM parents perceived that health is not necessarily weight-based; childhood obesity is caused by overeating, eating unhealthy foods and sedentary activities; traditional foods are generally healthy while American foods are generally unhealthy; and healthy children are inherently physically active. Parents identified their goals as feeding children so they would be healthy and happy, helping them be active and safe, and teaching them to cook traditional foods to be self-sufficient and maintain their cultural identity. Parents were challenged by children's unhealthy food and sedentary preferences, their own uncertainties about healthy foods and behaviours, and structural factors. Parents thought interventions could help them with these challenges, including information about healthy foods, age-appropriate portion sizes, safe places to be active and strategies tailored to their cultural norms.Conclusions: SLM parents are trying to raise healthy-weight children based on their understanding of children's health, weight, diet and physical activity, while dealing with social, economic and environmental challenges and trying to maintain cultural identity and traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite renewed interest in Central American migration, little attention has been devoted to understanding the diversity of migration pathways within the region. This article explores the tensions in the complicated connections between migration, land, consumption, and love in the case of migration between Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Based on interviews and ethnographic observations with members of transnational families in Achuapa, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, I examine how migrants and nonmigrants talk about remittances to make arguments about both abandonment and connection--that is, love for the land and people. Houses and land mediate local understandings of both the absence and presence of migrants in Achuapa. However, those who send and receive remittances, women and men, and young people and old all understand the relationships between migration and care or abandonment differently. At the community level, discourses around remittances tie in to nation-building projects through the resurgence of revolutionary discourses of solidarity under the Sandinistas. In this context, migration has become a new way for poor Nicaraguans to participate in the global economy and care for loved ones, even as it threatens nationalist longings for solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focusses on two music videos that filmmaker Alex Rivera directed in conjunction with the #Not1More campaign of the National Day Labor Organizing Network (NDLON). In creating these music videos, Rivera uses visual strategies to portray the “undocumented everyday,” which involves the documentation of the mundane details of existence, such as representation of the indispensability of undocumented Latina/o migrants to everyday economies in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

AimTo explore how an organization's trust in the cultural competency of other service providers (competence trust) can influence the effectiveness of a services network in meeting the needs of recent immigrant families.BackgroundPrimary health care for recent immigrants arriving in Canada is delivered through a network of community-based services. To ensure the functioning of the network and its ability to facilitate access to needed services for new arrivals, network members need to be able to work together collaboratively. A case study involving services for an urban community in Atlantic Canada was undertaken in 2009 to explore how service organizations worked together to address the needs of recent immigrant families with young children. This paper focuses on provider perceptions of cultural competency among local service organizations and how this influenced trust and desire to work together for the benefit of families.MethodsThe case study utilized both social network analysis and qualitative inquiry methodology. Twenty-one of 27 selected organizations responded to the online social network survey, and 14 key informant interviews were conducted. Social network measures and network mapping were used to demonstrate trusting relationships and associated interactions, while interview data were used to explain the relationships observed.FindingsPerceived cultural competency affected the degree of trust and collaboration within the services network when addressing the needs of recent immigrant families. Competence trust toward other providers increased the desire and commitment to work together, while lack of competence trust created avoidance. Non-government organizations were identified among the most culturally competent. The perceived positive and negative experiences of families with different providers influenced the level of trust among network members. The development of systemic cultural competences within a services network is needed in order to improve collaborations and access to services for immigrant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimThis case study describes how broker organizations supported a network of community-based services to work together to address the primary healthcare needs of recent immigrant families with young children.BackgroundIn parts of Canada with low levels of immigration compared with large urban centres, service providers may need to collaborate more closely with one another so that cultural competencies and resources are shared. Providers within Atlantic Canada, with its relatively small immigrant population, were faced with such a challenge.MethodsSocial network analysis and qualitative inquiry were the methods used within this case study. Twenty-seven organizations and four proxy organizations representing other organization types were identified as part of the network serving a geographically bounded neighbourhood within a mid-sized urban centre in Atlantic Canada in 2009. Twenty-one of the 27 organizations participated in the network survey and 14 key informants from the service community were interviewed.FindingsBroker organizations were identified as pivotal for ensuring connections among network members, for supporting immigrant family access to services through their involvement with multiple providers, and for developing cultural competence capacities in the system overall. Network cohesiveness differed depending on the type of need being addressed, as did the organizations playing the role of broker. Service providers were able to extend their reach through the co-location of services in local centres and schools attended by immigrant families and their children. The study demonstrates the value of ties across service sectors facilitated by broker organizations to ensure the delivery of comprehensive services to young immigrant families challenged by an unfamiliar system of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights and fills gaps in research on migrant elites, traditionally defined as highly educated or professional migrants. The research on elite migrants has often suffered from methodological individualism: elite migrants are depicted as male professionals who shuttle from one work assignment or country to another, unrestricted by family relationships or national borders. My research shows the important role of marriage and family ties in life decisions of elite migrants, who in migration statistics and scholarly discussions appear merely as professionals, highly educated persons, or students. I also contribute to the recent literature that challenges the common assumption that migration is a unidirectional movement from one place to another initiated by a single motive, work or family. My research shows that in reality, for both women and men, multiple motives and multidirectional movements are often involved. Furthermore, my research highlights how elite migrants' high social status does not necessarily guarantee privileged treatment by the host society or that elite migrants feel a part of the society in which they live. I use international marriages between Finns and Americans in Finland and the United States as a case study. I base my analysis on the 74 interviews that I conducted with American migrants and their Finnish spouses living in the capital region of Finland, in or near Helsinki, and with Finnish migrants married to US citizens and living in the state of Minnesota. In addition, I use responses to an online survey of American- born people who were living in Finland in 2008. I received 106 responses to the survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the sustained and increasingly institutionalized transnational practice of repatriating the bodies of deceased Mexican migrants from the United States to their hometowns in Mexico. Far from being a strictly private transnational practice, migrants' desire for a posthumous return and burial in their homelands is popularly expressed in the memories, music, and everyday exchanges of the Mexican diaspora. Drawing on transnational ethnographic research in Los Angeles, California, and Zacatecas, Mexico, this article documents how the Mexican state has institutionalized this process at the transnational, national, state, and municipal levels of governance. Last, the article discusses the role of migrant family and social networks in these repatriations. The goals of this article are to provide a preliminary cultural and institutional understanding of the practice of repatriating cadavers from the United States to Mexico and to discuss the implications of this process for the scholarly debate on migrant transnationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SummaryWhile the ?immigrant health paradox? posits better health behaviours and outcomes for immigrants upon arrival to the US, research suggests that this advantage may deteriorate over time. This study analysed the relationship of acculturation and breast-feeding initiation and duration among a sample of predominantly Latina, low-income women in the US. The four measures of acculturation included: mother?s nativity (foreign born vs US born), mother?s parents? nativity (foreign born vs US born), years of US residence (<8 years vs ?8 years) and a dichotomous measure of language acculturation adapted from three items on Marin?s acculturation scale (preferred language spoken at home, reading language and writing language) as exclusive use of native language versus non-exclusive use (mixed or English only) (Marin et al., 1987; Marin & Gamba, 1996). Final multivariable models showed that mothers who exclusively used their native language were more likely to initiate breast-feeding as well as breast-feed for longer duration compared with mothers with non-exclusive use, whereas years of US residence and mother?s nativity were not significantly associated with breast-feeding initiation or duration. Mother?s parents? nativity also emerged as a significant predictor of breast-feeding duration, both within final models for immigrants and across study participants. Programmes providing nutrition education to low-income women may wish to consider the role of language as an important determinant of breast-feeding. The role of mother?s parents? nativity on breast-feeding practices deserves exploration in future studies, as the cultural practices taught by family members born outside the US may exert strong pressure within immigrant families now living in the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to answer the following question: how have refugee families in the United States (US) modified attitudes and behaviours surrounding inter-generational exchanges within the context of filial piety? This research reports on one 31-member extended family in a community of Cambodian refugee families living along the Gulf of Mexico coast. The family members in this study have changed types, found new meanings in, and are often ambivalent about, inter- generational exchanges. Moreover, they have held onto those aspects of Cambodian culture that were considered essential, such as filial piety and elder reverence, while adapting and redefining types and meanings of intergenerational exchanges the better to reflect their current lives in the United States. These findings illuminate ways in which changed life circumstances and cultural transitions shaped attitudes, preferences and behavioural patterns associated with intergenerational exchanges. The findings also show how and why refugee families have negotiated and modified their beliefs and behaviours surrounding intergenerational exchanges in the context of massive social and cultural disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]