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Studies were undertaken to determine whether significant abnormalities were present in cardiac myoglobin in a case of primary paroxysmal myoglobinuria.No qualitative abnormality was found in cardiac myoglobin from a patient with myoglobinuria, compared to normal controls, using urea starch gel electrophoresis. Quantitative analysis, however, revealed depletion of cardiac myoglobin in the patient with myoglobinuria.It is considered that the basic defect in primary paroxysmal myoglobinuria is not related to myoglobin per se, and although evidence is lacking, an autoimmune process, as encountered in some of the hemolytic anemias, may be involved in this condition.