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This study criticizes the explanation of the relationship between agent and structure by linking it to the metaphor of ground, which refers to an ontological hierarchy. For at this ontological plane, what has a presence on the ground makes the other thing an epiphenomenon, and constitutes and transforms it absolute. To the extent that struggles and possibilities are ignored, the abstraction has political consequences. The critique of the ontological plane, that is de-grounding, to eliminate these political consequences relies on an ensemble of action. This critique is not simply the replacement of the grounded agent or structure for the action, but the genealogical formation of the ontological plane. The de-grounding is best manifested in Michel Foucault's analysis of power. By defining power as an action and not as a privilege, Foucault offers a clear definition of the genealogical ontological plane and the ensemble of action that constitute things at this plane. From the same ontological perspective, this study explains the agent-structure relation through the concepts of action and contingency. Through this explanation, the agent-structure interaction constitutes an alternative that enables political possibilities and does not limit politics to certain spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When Babur founded the Mughal State, he considered the Timurid dynasty as a source of legitimacy. However, Humayun, who succeeded him on the throne, constructed a cosmological ideology using astrology. This new ideology weakened the authority of the monarch. Akbar Shah, who became the head of the State after Humayun, had started the process of institutionalisation with himself at the centre after taking over the authority completely. The construction of a ruler-centred ideology was part of this institutionalisation process. Akbar had ordered his statesman Abul Fazl al-Allāmī to build an ideology based on the Timurid dynastic lineage. Abu'l Fazl laid the foundation of the Timurid dynastic ideology in his famous Akbarname, which he wrote to establish the source of legitimacy for Akbar and his successors. One of the scholars appointed by Akbar was Mullah Ahmad Tatawi. The author contributed to the construction of the Timurid dynastic ideology with his work Tarih-i Elfi. Both authors made use of political, divine and mythical figures and events in this construction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses law and rights in the context of Michel Foucault's problematization of power. Foucault, especially in his early theoretical works, criticizes law and human rights within the framework of power practices. In this context, he draws attention to the regimes of truth and power mechanisms in which the subject is produced. In his late political discourses, he emphasizes the importance of the struggle for human rights. This study argues that there is no radical rupture between Foucault's early and late period and claims that his positive approach to law and human rights does not contradict his general thoughts. In Foucault's thought, rights are not elements bestowed on human beings through a transcendent power, nor are they metaphysical certainties that one is born with. Rights are political practices of performative character that are not based on a particular idea of human nature or humanity, but rather come into being and interact in strategic practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern times, in parallel with the increase in technological opportunities, the possibilities of every segment that wants to have power over others have increased. The aim of this study is to raise awareness about the power of power, monitoring and discipline with the acceleration of the scandals that have emerged in recent days in social media such as Facebook and Twitter in the context of violations of personal privacy. In doing so, Foucault's perspective was preferred. The form of power described by Foucault does not only express the power of the state, but every person and institution that rules others is included in this description. This study focuses on the issue of relationship between power-crime-monitoring through, especially Ponepticon model prisons. As a result,, As a result, who want to be in power today use every method of monitoring in order to have as much information about society as possible. The fact that monitoring became extremely widespread has brought its normalization to a habitual dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]