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Interactions between angiogenesis and neurogenesis regulate embryonic brain development. However, a comprehensive understanding of the stages of vascular cell maturation is lacking, especially in the prenatal human brain. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, single-cell transcriptomics, and histological and ultrastructural analyses, we show that an ensemble of endothelial and mural cell subtypes tile the brain vasculature during the second trimester. These vascular cells follow distinct developmental trajectories and utilize diverse signaling mechanisms, including collagen, laminin, and midkine, to facilitate cell-cell communication and maturation. Interestingly, our results reveal that tip cells, a subtype of endothelial cells, are highly enriched near the ventricular zone, the site of active neurogenesis. Consistent with these observations, prenatal vascular cells transplanted into cortical organoids exhibit restricted lineage potential that favors tip cells, promotes neurogenesis, and reduces cellular stress. Together, our results uncover important mechanisms into vascular maturation during this critical period of human brain development. [Display omitted] • Diverse vascular cell subtypes tile the nascent vasculature in prenatal human brain • Vascular cells exhibit stage-specific developmental trajectories and bioenergetics • Midkine-mediated signaling promotes morphogenesis of endothelial and mural cells • Vascularization of brain organoids promotes neurogenesis and reduces cellular stress • Ensembles of endothelial and mural cells promote angiogenesis in prenatal human brain The transcriptomic and functional properties of diverse endothelial and mural cells in the nascent vasculature in second trimester human brain are revealed, shedding light on vascular trajectories and heterogeneity in human brain development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]