1. Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series
- Author
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Raquel Matoso Silva, Eric Barrey, Marjan Mashkour, Eske Willerslev, Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez, Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid, Maria do Mar Oom, Pavel Kuznetsov, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Eloísa Bernáldez-Sánchez, Sonia Shidrang, Michael Hofreiter, Konstantin Pitskhelauri, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Sabine Felkel, Ali A. Vahdati, Cristina Luís, Emma Usmanova, Sainbileg Undrakhbold, Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, Victor Zaibert, Irina Shevnina, Silvia Albizuri, Haeedeh Laleh, Anna Dohr, Ahmed H. Alfarhan, Sanne Boessenkool, Morten E. Allentoft, Homa Fathi, Cleia Detry, Petra Rajic Sikanjic, Oleg Monchalov, Heidi Nistelberger, Alireza Sardari, Jennifer A. Leonard, Jaco Weinstock, Christian McCrory Constantz, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Johanna Lhuillier, Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen, Naveed Khan, Sébastien Lepetz, Linas Daugnora, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Helmut Hemmer, Peter Barros de Damgaard, Lembi Lõugas, Victor Merz, Lukas F. K. Kuderna, Vedat Onar, Angela Schlumbaum, Barbara Wallner, Esteban García-Viñas, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Nadine Dill, Fereidoun Biglari, Eric Crubézy, Bastiaan Star, Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir, José D. Granado, Tabaldiev Kubatbek, John Southon, Alan K. Outram, Corina Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Anita Rapan Papeša, Norbert Benecke, Amelie Scheu, Simon Trixl, Agnar Helgason, Dorcas Brown, Hossein Davoudi, Cristina Gamba, Jörg Schibler, Renate Schafberg, James H. Barrett, Dashzeveg Tumen, Ludovic Orlando, Nurbol Baimukhanov, Ana Margarida Arruda, William Timothy Treal Taylor, Fatemeh Azadeh Mohaseb, Mutalib Khasanov, Sabine Deschler-Erb, Kari Stefansson, Charleen Gaunitz, Mélanie Pruvost, Arturo Morales, Roya Khazaeli, Tomas Marques-Bonet, David W. Anthony, Aitor Serres-Armero, Benoît Clavel, Kamal Taheri, Kristian Hanghøj, Beth Shapiro, Arne Ludwig, Saleh A. Alquraishi, Andrey Logvin, Gottfried Brem, Kristian Kristiansen, Natalia Roslyakova, Shiva Sheikhi Seno, Naomi Sykes, María los Ángeles Chorro y de de de Villa-Ceballos, Joachim Burger, Eberhard Sauer, Catarina Viegas, Mietje Germonpré, Michela Leonardi, Antoine Fages, Nathalie Serrand, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Aleksei Kasparov, Tajana Trbojević Vukičević, Vladimir V. Pitulko, Bryan K. Miller, Pablo Librado, Sturla Ellingvåg, Ariadna Nieto-Espinet, Luis Berrocal-Rangel, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Abdul Wali Khan University, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), SERP, université de Barcelone, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Anthropology Department - Hartwick College, Shejire DNA project, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), National Center of Mental Health of Mongolia, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], UNIARQ, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Universidad de León [León], Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institue of Natural Sciences, Department of Evolutianory Genetics, Max-Planck-Institut, Institut d'Archéologie de l'Académie des Sciences d'Ouzbékistan, Académie des Sciences, Institut de France-Institut de France, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut-Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin (IZW), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), University of Basel (Unibas), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Center for Palaeolithic Research, National Museum of Iran, Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Institución Milá y Fontanals de investigación en Humanidades (IMF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), New University of Lisbon, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), deCODE Genetics, deCODE genetics [Reykjavik], Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Academie des Sciences, Institución Milá i Fontanals (IMF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, and İÜC, Veteriner Fakültesi, Veteriner Hekimliği Temel Bilimler Bölümü
- Subjects
Male ,Range (biology) ,Biología ,Breeding horses ,Breeding ,Genome ,Domestication ,0302 clinical medicine ,Paleobiología ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,History, Ancient ,Phylogeny ,horses ,0303 health sciences ,Diversity ,Ancient DNA ,animal breeding ,Biological Evolution ,mules ,humanities ,Management ,Europe ,Domestication animal ,Equestrian civilizations ,Ethnology ,Female ,management ,equestrian civilizations ,Extinct lineages ,Asia ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,selection ,Multiple alleles ,Caballos ,Biology ,Mules ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,diversity ,03 medical and health sciences ,domestication ,Caballo de Przewalski ,ddc:570 ,[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,Animals ,Genetic variation ,Horses ,DNA, Ancient ,Selection ,ancient DNA ,Institut für Biochemie und Biologie ,030304 developmental biology ,Animal breeding ,Series (stratigraphy) ,Genetic diversity ,Genetic Variation ,Equidae ,Genética ,extinct lineages ,Análisis ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Summary Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN “speed gene,” only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modern breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Two now-extinct horse lineages lived in Iberia and Siberia some 5,000 years ago • Iberian and Siberian horses contributed limited ancestry to modern domesticates • Oriental horses have had a strong genetic influence within the last millennium • Modern breeding practices were accompanied by a significant drop in genetic diversity, Genome-wide data from 278 ancient equids provide insights into how ancient equestrian civilizations managed, exchanged, and bred horses and indicate vast loss of genetic diversity as well as the existence of two extinct lineages of horses that failed to contribute to modern domestic animals.
- Published
- 2019