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The article focuses on the epidemiology and pandemic potential of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses, emphasizing their widespread host expansion, reassortment with other influenza A viruses, and ability to cause severe disease in mammals, including humans and ferrets. Topics include the transmission dynamics observed in a human case in Chile, severe and fatal outcomes in ferrets following intranasal inoculation.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have spread rapidly throughout North American flyways in recent months, affecting wild birds in over 40 states. We evaluated the pathogenicity and transmissibility of a representative virus using a ferret model and examined replication kinetics of this virus in human respiratory tract cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections with low pathogenicity and highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses affected poultry in 4 states in the southeastern United States in 2017. We evaluated pathogenicity and transmission of representative viruses in mouse and ferret models and examined replication kinetics in human respiratory tract cells. These viruses can cause respiratory infections in mammalian models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]