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The recent discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates generates tremendous research endeavors, but the ground state of their parent compounds is still under debate. Here, we report experimental evidence for the dominant role of Kondo scattering in the underdoped Nd 1-x Sr x NiO 2 thin films. A resistivity minimum associated with logarithmic temperature dependence in both longitudinal and Hall resistivities are observed in the underdoped Nd 1-x Sr x NiO 2 samples before the superconducting transition. At lower temperatures down to 0.04 K, the resistivities become saturated, following the prediction of the Kondo model. A linear scaling behavior [Formula: see text] between anomalous Hall conductivity [Formula: see text] and conductivity [Formula: see text]is revealed, verifying the dominant Kondo scattering at low temperature. The effect of weak (anti-)localization is found to be secondary. Our experiments can help in clarifying the basic physics in the underdoped Nd 1-x Sr x NiO 2 infinite-layer thin films., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)