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The objectives of this study were to investigate soft wheat quality traits with fertilizer management practice in southern region of the Huaihe river in Jiangsu province, and to suggest quality selection parameters in soft wheat breeding. Fifteen high quality soft wheat varieties or advanced lines were grown at three environments with the combination of location and year. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HWM-GS) of tested genotypes were identified. Kernel hardness, grain and flour protein content, wet gluten content, ash content, Zeleny sedimentation value, parameters of farinograph, mixograph, and rapid viscocity analysis (RVA), solvent retention capacity (SRC), gluten protein quantification, and cookie quality were investigated. No sample met the national soft wheat quality standard (GB/T 17320-2013, GB/T 17893-1999) for protein content, wet gluten content, and farinograph stability, few samples met the standard for sedimentation value, and all samples exceeded the standard for kernel hardness and farinograph absorption. Kernel hardness, ash content, and RVA parameters were not significantly associated with cookie quality parameters. Zeleny sedimentation value, absorption and stability of farinograph, peak time and right of peak slope of mixograph, water SRC, sodium carbonate SRC, lactic acid SRC, glutenin/gliadin ratio, unextractable polymeric protein (UPP), and %UPP were significantly correlated with cookie diameter, with r = –0.657, –0.601, –0.617, –0.659, –0.676, –0.857, –0.726, –0.616, –0.546, –0.541, and –0.637, respectively ( r ≤ –0.520, P r ≤ –0.652, P

天麻抗真菌蛋白Gastrodianin在体外可以抑制多种病原真菌的生长。为检验转 Gastrodianin 基因小麦对真菌病害的抗性，采用基因枪法将由 ubiquitin 启动子驱动的 Gastrodianin 基因导入小麦品种扬麦158和Alondra, 获得14株纯合的转基因株系。外源基因的PCR检测、染色体荧光原位杂交、半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明，外源 Gastrodianin 基因在转基因小麦T 5 代植株中已经纯合并有不同水平的表达；赤霉病和纹枯病抗性鉴定结果显示， Gastrodianin 基因的表达能抑制病原菌在转基因植株中生长，从而减轻病原菌引起的病症发展，且两种病害的减轻程度与 Gastrodianin 基因的表达水平正相关。

For the past two decades, the dominant methods to identify susceptibility genes of complex disease were linkage analysis and association study. Linkage analysis usually identifies broad intervals, which can encompass dozens to hundreds of candidate genes. Transition from quantitative trait loci to gene has been a challenge due to the absence of com-plete functional information for the majority of genes in this susceptibility locus and limited knowledge of the link between gene function and disease. Recently, computational biology tools that employ information extracted from public online da-tabases have been developed. In this review, we introduced principles of DGP, GeneSeeker, Prioritizer, PROSPECTR and SUSPECTS (P and S), and Endeavor, then used the prediction of susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus/obesity and osteoporosis as examples to elucidate the application of computational biology strategies, and finally discuss the limitations and prospects of these methods.

To explore the biofunctions of human B7-H3 on activated T lymphocyte, the gene of human B7-H3 encoding the extracellular region (IgV-like and IgC-like domains) was obtained by RT-PCR from human lung cells and subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-5X-3 to express glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. A 49 kD fusion protein (named as GST/hB7-H3 hereafter) was induced by IPTG and purified by standard methods reported in prokaryotic system. In the presence of the first signal imitated by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, T lymphocyte proliferation was observed by incubating purified T cells with soluble GST/hB7-H3 fusion protein by MTT assay. The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the supernatants of T cells were determined by ELISA. The results showed that the GST/hB7-H3 protein produced in bacteria had modest biological activities to proliferate the T lymphocyte and enhance IFN-γ as well as IL-10 secretion.

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a costimulatory molecule of CD28 family expressed on activated T, B and myeloid cells. The engagement of PD-1 with its two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, inhibits proliferation of T cell and production of a series of its cytokines. The blockade of PD-1 pathway is involved in antiviral and antitumoral immunity. In this study, human PD-1 cDNA encoding extracellular domain was amplified and cloned into expression plasmid pGEX-5x-3. The fusion protein GST-PD-1 was effectively expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) as inclusion bodies and a denaturation and refolding procedure was performed to obtain bioactive soluble GST-PD-1. Fusion protein of above 95% purity was acquired by a convenient two-step purification using GST affinity and size exclusion columns. Furthermore, a PD-L1-dependent in vitro bioassay method was set up to characterize GST-PD-1 bioactivity. The results suggested that GST-PD-1 could competently block the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 and increase the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma of phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells.

The plants transformed by either Agrobacterium-mediated or directly delivered DNA transformation possess complex transgenic loci. The transgenes tend to be integrated into gene-rich regions on chromosomes due to selection of transgenic cells during tissue culture rather than integrated elsewhere randomly. Fragments of transferred DNA are interspersed with genomic DNA and filler DNA at most of transgenic loci except a few which contain complete single-copy of transgene. Analysis of transgenic loci flanking sequences indicated that deletion, duplication and chromosomal rearrangement often occurred for transgene and genomic DNA. The complete transgenic structure is important for its expression in transformed plants.