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What is already known about this topic? Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in China and around the world. By 2019, 121 countries have instituted a national screening program as a secondary prevention measure for breast cancer. What is added by this report? Breast cancer screening rates in China were 18.9% in women aged 20 years and above, and 25.7% in women aged 35–64 years in 2015. The screening rate for women aged 20 years and above was significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas (24.6% vs. 15.0%), and in the eastern region than in the central and western regions (24.0% vs. 15.1% and 15.3%). What are the implications for public health practice? Continued efforts should be made to strengthen national and local policy initiatives and financial support for population-based, organized screening programs for breast cancer. Health education and accessibility of screening services to women across the country should be strengthened, especially for women aged 50 years and above.

What is already known on this topic? Hypertension is a major public health concern in China, and hypertensive patients have elevated heart rates (HR), which can synergize with higher blood pressure to promote adverse health outcomes. What is added by this report? The risk of increased HR was statistically significant but relatively lower in subjects with treated and controlled hypertension. This lower impact might be modified by sex, marital status, smoking, and physical activity. What are the implications for public health practice? To mitigate the substantial burden of increased HR among hypertensive patients, improving blood pressure control and promoting healthy lifestyles should be prioritized.

What is already known about this topic? Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer of women around the world. Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer were 11.78 and 3.29 per 100,000, respectively, in China in 2015. What is added by this report? Cervical cancer screening rates were 25.7% for women aged 20–64 years old and 31.4% for women aged 35–64 years old in China in 2015. Screening rates were lower in rural areas than in urban areas and varied across provinces. What are the implications for public health practice? Efforts should be made to continue to strengthen national and local policy initiatives, financial support, health education, and accessibility to women in rural areas for cervical cancer screening coverage.

What is already known on this topic? Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) such as sports, fitness, and recreation, is well documented to prevent chronic disease and improve health. The age-adjusted prevalence of regular LTPA was only 11.9% among Chinese adults in China in 2010. It has been reported that the age-adjusted LTPA prevalence increased from 7.13% in 2000 to 11.79% in 2011. What is added by this report? According to the latest available data, in 2015, the prevalence of LTPA and regular LTPA was 19.7% and 12.5% in adults aged 18 years old and above, respectively. Both LTPA and regular LTPA were lower in rural areas than in urban areas, higher in people with higher socioeconomic position, and varied across provinces. What are the implications for public health practice? To promote more people, especially those with lower socioeconomic position to participate in LTPA, great efforts are required to strengthen national and local policy initiatives, financial support, sports facility construction, and health education, especially in rural areas and in western China.