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Bone mineral density (BMD) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. With the acceleration of aging process, osteoporosis has become a public health problem. Based on domestic and foreign related reports, this article briefly reviews the measurement methods of BMD, the changes of BMD, and the influencing factors and the prevention of osteoporosis in pregnant women. In general, ultrasonic measurements are safe and reliable, which have become the important methods of monitoring the changes of BMD during pregnancy at present. There are different degrees of BMD decrease during pregnancy, and BMD significantly decreases with the increase of gestational age. The most serious period is at the late pregnancy. BMD of many parts in the body decreases, which are mainly related to calcium, hormone, sunshine, and other factors. Therefore, it is recommended for pregnant women to monitor BMD positively, to supplement calcium timely and rationally, to adjust the diet structure, to do outdoor activities, and to develop good habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]