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Objective: To investigate mesopic contrast sensitivity (CS) and high-order aberrations after femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK), wavefront-guided femtosecond LASIK (WF-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia and astigmatism. Methods: In this case-control study, 212 eyes of 108 patients with myopia and astigmatism from September 2014 to September 2016 were treated by refractive surgery. There were 34 males (66 eyes) and 74 females (146 = eyes), aged 27 (24, 32) years. They were divided into 3 groups, with 37 patients (71 eyes), 35 patients (69 eyes) and 36 patients (72 eyes) treated by FS-LASIK, WF-LASIK and SMILE, respectively. Refraction diopters, corneal tomography, wavefront aberrations and contrast sensitivity were evaluated before and at 12 months after surgery. The results of different groups were compared by rank sum test. Results: At 12 = months of follow-up, 69 eyes (97.18%) treated by FS-LASIK, 67 eyes (97.10%) by WF-LASIK and 69 eyes (95.83%) by SMILE had the uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better. Fifty-nine eyes (83.10%) treated by FS-LASIK, 60 eyes (86.96%) by WF-LASIK and 61 eyes (84.72%) by SMILE had better postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity than preoperative corrected distance visual acuity. Surface regularity index of the WF-LASIK group decreased from 0.11 (0.07, 0.28) to 0.07 (0.06, 0.20) ( Z= -2.662, P= 0.008), which was less than that of the FS-LASIK and SMILE groups ( Z= -3.236, -3.118, P= 0.001, 0.000). Surface asymmetry index of the WF-LASIK group increased from 0.34 (0.25, 0.43) to 0.38 (0.30, 0.52) ( Z= -2.140, P= 0.032), which was less than that of the FS-LASIK and SMILE groups ( Z= -2.910, -3.779, P= 0.004, 0.000). The root mean square of high-order of the FS-LASIK group increased from 0.32 (0.27, 0.41) to 0.53 (0.40, 0.65) ( Z= -6.228, P= 0.000), which was more than that of the WF-LASIK and SMILE groups ( Z= -3.595, -4.806, P= 0.000, 0.000). Coma of the WF-LASIK group increased from 0.16 (0.11, 0.24) to 0.26 (0.15, 0.37) ( Z= -3.816, P= 0.000), which was less than that of the FS-LASIK group ( Z= -3.528, P= 0.000). Spherical aberration of the FS-LASIK and WF-LASIK groups increased from 0.10 (0.05, 0.21) and 0.08 (0.04, 0.12) to 0.24 (0.13, 0.34) and 0.15 (0.09, 0.26), respectively ( Z= -5.141, -4.864, P= 0.000, 0.000), which were more than that of the SMILE group ( Z= -2.549, -4.682, P= 0.011, 0.000). CS of the WF-LASIK group at 12 cycles per degree (c/d) increased from 1.34 (1.18, 1.48) to 1.48 (1.34, 1.63) ( Z= -2.985, P= 0.003), which was more than that of the FS-LASIK and SMILE groups ( Z= -3.194, -2.977, P= 0.001, 0.003). CS with glare of the WF-LASIK group at 12.0 c/d increased from 1.26 (1.18, 1.34) to 1.34 (1.34, 1.63) ( Z= -3.608, P= 0.000), which was more than that of the FS-LASIK and SMILE groups ( Z= -4.033, -2.913, P= 0.000, 0.004). Conclusions: FS-LASIK, WF-LASIK and SMILE achieved ideal visual outcomes at 12 months postoperatively. WF-LASIK treated eyes showed the best corneal symmetry, the least increase of high-order aberrations and the best visual quality among three kinds of surgeries. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 118-125) .

Objective: Correlation analysis of visual acuity, wavefront aberrations and contrast sensitivity in myopia. Methods: Retrospective study. One hundred and twelve patients with myopia(209 eyes) from April 2013 to August 2015 were enrolled in our study. All subjects were divided into various groups to investigate the relationship between wavefront aberrations and contrast sensitivity in myopic eyes.The correlations between ocular aberrations and contrast sensitivity(4 spatial frequency) in myopia eyes were analyzed using multivariate stepwise regression. Results: The AULCSF in the BCVA 1.2 were 1.32±0.10,1.30±0.12 respectively in the light and dark conditions,, which were higher than those in the BCVA 1.0 ( t=- 3.58 and-2.48, P< 0.05). There was no significant difference between AULCSF in dark glare condition.At 4mm and 6mm pupil diameters,The difference in Z(-)(33) of ocular higher-order aberrations between the BCVA 1.0 and the BCVA 1.2 was statistically significant ( t= 2.09, P= 0.04; t=- 2.05, P= 0.04). Differences between the other ocular higher-order aberrations and corneal aberrations were not statistically significant.The spherical aberrations of the low contrast sensitivity group were (0.019±0.010), (0.136±0.117) and(0.006±0.003)μm separately under the condition of bright light, dark light and dark glare light, which were higher than other groups (0.013±0.006) , (0.083±0.054) , (0.004±0.002) μm ( t= 1.10, 2.65, 2.44, P< 0.05). The values of AULCSF for the larger spherical aberrations under dark light and dark glare light conditions were 1.281±0.126 and 1.216±0.154 respectively which were lower than the AULCSF 1.281±0.126, 1.216±0.154 of the another spherical aberrations group ( t= 2.14, 1.98, P< 0.05). It was found that the S(All) RMS and spherical aberrations under different frequencies and illuminating conditions were negatively correlated with CS.Vertical coma was positively correlated with CS. Conclusions: Better BCVA may achieve better visual quality.In the case of the same BCVA, there are differences in visual quality.Higher order aberrations are the main factor affecting this result, especially the spherical aberrations.Total aberrations and spherical aberration had a negative correlation with visual quality.Vertical coma had a positive affects with visual quality. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 748 - 755) .

Objective: To assess the retinal image quality of the normal northern rural Chinese adult population. Methods: A normal population-based, cross-sectional study. From Oct, 2012 to Jan 2013, a clustered, random sampling procedure was used to select normal population who visual acuity≤ 0(LogMAR) and 30-69 years old from 2 villages. All eligible subjects were invited to undergo a comprehensive eye examination, and the retinal image quality related index were examined with pupil 4 mm using objective optical quality analysis systemⅡ(OQAS Ⅱ, Visiometrics, Spain), including MTFcutoff, VA20, VA9, PSF50, PSF10, OSI, SR. And describe the retinal image quality of different age group, including 30-39y, 40-49y, 50-59y, 60-69y. Results: Among 1 108 participants (61.9%) that completed examinations in our center, 681 participants (1 362 eyes) were recruited. There were 146, 586, 440 and 190 eyes in each group. The spherical equivalent refraction of each group was (-0.35±0.84), (-0.19±0.50), (-0.03±0.54) and (0.20±0.71) D. The best corrected vision acuity of each group was -0.02±0.04, -0.01±0.03, -0.01±0.02 and -0.00±0.01. The MTFcutoff of each group was (37.06±9.31), (36.69±8.93), (36.52±9.05) and (32.61±10.08) c/deg. Retinal imaging parameters were significantly different(MTFcutoff: MD= 4.45, SR: MD= 0.03, PSF50: MD= -0.45, PSF10: MD= -2.87, VA20: MD= 0.13, A9: MD= 0.09, OSI: MD= -0.41, P< 0.001)between aged 30-39 group and aged 60-69 group. Objective scattering index (OSI) were significantly different( MD= -0.13, P= 0.004)between aged 30-39 group and aged 50-59 group. Retinal imaging parameters were significantly different(MTFcutoff: MD= 4.45, SR: MD= 0.03, PSF50: MD= -0.45, PSF10: MD= -2.87, VA20: MD= 0.13, VA9: MD= 0.09, OSI: MD= -0.41, P< 0.001)between aged 40-49 group and aged 60-69 group. Retinal imageing parameters were significantly different(MTFcutoff: MD= 4.45, SR: MD= 0.03, PSF50: MD= -0.45, PSF10: MD= -2.87, VA20: MD= 0.13, VA9: MD= 0.09, OSI: MD= -0.41, P< 0.001)between aged 50-59 group and aged 60-69 group. Conclusion: Retinal image quality was gradually worse over time in the northern rural Chinese adult population. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54:593-598) .

Objective: To describe the feasibility of individual IOL implantation guided by corneal Q value and observe patients postoperative visual quality under different residual spherical aberration. Methods: Prospective study. One hundred and twenty cases (171 eyes)cataract patients in our hospital were selected for the individual implantation of intraocular lens guided by corneal Q value which obtained by Oberscan before operation. Based on spherical aberration calculated by corneal Q value, choose appropriate IOL personalitily to make postoperative whole eye surface aberration +0.1 μm (group of positive spherical aberration) or 0 μm (group of zero spherical aberration). To observe spherical aberration, the uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (including no glare and glare) 1 month and 3 months after surgery. Dates were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and LSD method for multiple comparisons between groups. Results: Spherical aberration after operation: group of positive spherical aberration: (0.111±0.023)μm, group of zero spherical aberration: (0.020±0.019)μm, control group: (0.299±0.073)μm. At 1 months and 3 months, uncorrected visual acuity, and corrected visual acuity were not statistically different between groups ( t= 0.474, 1.607, P> 0.05). Contrast sensitivity (including no glare and glare) 3 months after surgery display: at whole space frequency, the group of positive spherical aberration(reserved +0.1 μm spherical aberration) contrast sensitivity is better than that of the group of zero spherical aberration(reserved 0.0 μm spherical aberration) and the control group( F= 32.885, 35.493, 19.969, 20.572, P< 0.05). The group of zero spherical aberration is better than control group at space frequency of 3 and 6 c/d( F= 6.506, 7.521, P< 0.05). Conclusions: The individual implantation of introcular lens guided by corneal Q value is feasible. + 0.1 μm spherical aberration after surgery can achieve the best contrast sensitivity and stereo vision, and 0 spherical aberration after surgery can improve the postoperative contrast sensitivity and stereo vision than a traditional method, but its advantage mainly embodies in the middle and lower spatial frequency. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 814-820) .

Objective: To investigate the distribution of anterior corneal high-order aberrations (HOAs) in Chinese eyes with cataract and their correlations with age and axial length for the choice of aspheric intraocular lens. Methods: Retrospective study. Six hundred twenty-five Chinese patients with cataract[male: 260, female: 365, age: (71.2±8.0) years] were categorized into 4 groups in accordance with their axial lengths. Anterior corneal HOAs in the central 6- mm zone was measured with an iTrace wavefront analyzer. The correlations between axial length, age and total HOAs, spherical aberration, trefoil aberration, and coma aberration were analyzed using Spearman analysis. The differences in total HOAs, spherical aberration, trefoil aberration, and coma aberration among 4 groups were assessed using the Krusal-Wallis H test. Results: Anterior corneal HOAs showed the nonnormal distribution. The median of corneal total HOAs was 0.666 μm (range 0.246 to 4.115 μm). Medians of coma aberration, spherical aberration and trefoil aberration were 0.313 μm (range 0.015 to 1.879 μm), 0.275 μm (range 0.005 to 1.797 μm) and 0.341 μm (range 0.019 to 2.319 μm), respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between axial length and total HOAs, coma aberration, spherical aberration, trefoil aberration ( r=- 0.230, -0.235, -0.143, -0.153, P< 0.05). But no correlation was found between age and them ( r =0.056, 0.045, 0.065, 0.022, P >0.05). Differences in total HOAs, coma aberration, spherical aberration, trefoil aberration were found among various axial groups ( H =21.953, 20.665, 15.368, 16.881, P< 0.05). Conclusions: Anterior corneal HOAs varied greatly among the majority of the patients. A significant negative correlation was found between axial length and anterior corneal HOAs, but no correlation was found between age and them. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 828-834) .

Objective: To investigate the distribution of the spherical aberration in people with senile cataract, in the interest of the customized selection of the intraocular lens in cataract surgeries and the future design of the intraocular lens., Methods: Retrospective study. Analysis of 922 eyes from 504 patients over 60-years-old was made. Patients were subdivided into 3 age groups (153 patients of 60-<70 years-old in group 1, 251 patients of 70-<80 years-old in group 2, 100 patients of 80- ≤ 90 years-old in group 3). Pentacam anterior segment analyzer (OCULUS, Germany) was used to measure the average corneal and posterior surface K-readings. The Zernike coefficients of corneal spherical aberration was calculated. The difference of corneal parameters among each age group was compared., Results: The average age of all patients was (73.5 ± 6.8) years-old. The average corneal K-reading was (44.50 ± 1.39)D and the average K-reading of corneal posterior surface was (-6.44 ± 0.25)D. There was no difference among 3 age groups (F = 0.738 and 0.373 retrospectively, P > 0.05). The corneal and posterior surface average K-readings had no correlation with the age. The average spherical aberration of anterior corneal surface was (0.361 ± 0.122)µm in group 1, (0.401 ± 0.139)µm in group 2 and (0.440 ± 0.145)µm in group 3 respectively. The spherical aberration of posterior corneal surface was (-0.122 ± 0.035)µm, (-0.105 ± 0.040)µm and (-0.090 ± 0.043)µm respectively. The total corneal spherical aberration was (0.360 ± 0.142)µm, (0.421 ± 0.158)µm and (0.476 ± 0.170)µm respectively. Significant differences were observed among 3 age groups (F = 10.561, 20.937 and 17.257 retrospectively, P < 0.01). The spherical aberrations of the corneal anterior, posterior surface and total cornea had positive correlation with the age (r = 0.203, 0.288 and 0.258 respectively, P < 0.01). The corneal spherical aberrations had no differences between right and left eyes, and had significant positive correlation between both sides., Conclusions: The people with senile cataract over 60-year-old had higher corneal spherical aberrations than other age. The corneal spherical aberrations increased with the age and had significant correlation inter-ocularly.