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The suspended bed hydrotreating is considered as an advanced technology for high-efficiency conversion of inferior oil and waste oil with its unique advantages. Since the technology is not yet mature, some research efforts have been devoted to solving the coking problems, developing high activity and high dispersion catalysts. Among them, oil-soluble catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to their high dispersibility and low coking characteristics. Moreover, it is not necessary for these catalysts to be separated from the oil, avoiding secondary pollutants. However, the cost of catalyst is too high to realize large-scale application. Therefore, developing high-efficiency catalysts with low-cost has become the focus of research. In this paper, the current status of oil-soluble catalysts in recent years was described, focusing on the preparation, catalytic performance and active sites of different oil-soluble catalysts. Finally, the prospects for the challenges and research directions were proposed to shed light on future development of oil-soluble catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]