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In recent years, photocatalytic technology(PEC) has attracted much attention due to its integration of the ad-vantages of electrochemistry and photocatalytic technology. This technology not only shows excellent catalytic performance, but also solves the problem that the traditional powder photocatalyst is difficult to separate and recycle. The substrate material of photoelectrode is the core of PEC technology, which significantly affects the efficiency of electron transfer, the recombination rate of photogenerated carrier and the stability of photoelectrode. Although PEC technology has made many achievements, the research progress of photoelectrode substrate materials has not been fully reported. In view of this, this paper aims to systematically classify the substrate materials of photoelectrode, including metals, conductive glass, carbon-based materials and other emerging materials, and review the recent research progress on these materials. The preparation method, performance and mechanism of photoelectrode are discussed in detail in order to provide readers with a comprehensive and in-depth understanding. At the same time, we also put forward some suggestions on the future research direction of optical electrode substrate materials, hoping to provide useful reference for the further development of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]