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This section presents a table showing the compensation received by the chief executives at each of 589 private colleges, plus 120 specialized institutions.

Presents information on the transformation of Trinity College in the U.S. Information on the sports facility for women opened by Trinity in 2003; Challenges faced by the college in its transformation; Comment from Monika K. Hellwig, president of the Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities on how the remaining Catholic women's colleges supported themselves; Condition of the college in the 1970s.

Discusses the reorganization of universities of the former East Germany as they try to evolve from Communist institutions to western-style centers of higher learning. Percentage of schools in eastern Germany that have been reformed; Enrollment increases; Faculty and staff changes and dismissals; Vast number of scholars unemployed; Salary inequities between professors from eastern and western Germany; Humboldt University's revitalization.

The article reports on the dissatisfaction of faculty members and students about the state of higher education in East Germany. Many college teachers and university administrators have remained committed to socialism. Academicians have hoped to prevent the influx of dissatisfied students and teachers to the West. Dieter Hass, rector of Humboldt University has announced are being taken to satisfy student demands in terms of academic reform.

The article highlights some of the findings reported in "Open Doors," an annual report on international students and scholars in the U.S., published by the Institute of International Education and supported by the State Department's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. The report indicates that the number of foreign students in the U.S. remained steady in the 2005 academic year, ending two years of declines. At the same time, the number of new international students increased by 8 percent, suggesting that total foreign enrollments may soon rise. Responses from various higher education officials and further details of the report are provided, along with information about issues that arise for international students when trying to obtain visas.

The article provides information on the operations of Alverno College in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Colleges struggle to find the best way to assess student learning and then communicate the results to outsiders. Increasingly, calls are heard for standardized tests to measure college students' performance and to be able to compare institutions' educations with one another. As that push continues, Alverno College has been a surprising mecca for assessing what students learn. Its administrators and professors are regularly invited to colleges around the world to share their approach, and each summer scores of college officials come to Milwaukee for a workshop on the subject.

The article reports that accreditors and some college groups in the U.S. are aghast at a proposal to eliminate regional accreditors and replace them with a national accreditation body. The proposal is contained in a discussion paper released late last month by the secretary of education's Commission on the Future of Higher Education. The news came just as the chairman of the commission allayed another concern of college officials by publicly promising that a mandatory test of college students would not be among the panel's final recommendations.

This article presents information related to American groups who are accrediting a growing number of institutions and programs outside the U.S. Many of the foreign institutions are American-style, often sporting the word "American" in their names. Among those seeking accreditation--the entire public higher-education system of the United Arab Emirates, an oil-rich country in the Middle East is becoming an educational powerhouse. Philip G. Altbach, director of the Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, calls the growing trend academic neo-colonialism.

Focuses on the disputes between universities and colleges and conservative Christian student groups in the U.S. regarding the refusal of the group to accept gay members and nonbelievers. Views of David A. French, president of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, on the disputes; Opposition of law professors at Ohio State University in Columbus to changes in the policy of the university to exempt the student groups from nondiscrimination rules; Information on the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court on two cases related to the issue.

Reports on the decline in the number of foreign students at universities and colleges in the U.S. in 2003. Details of an annual report on academic mobility published by the Institute of International Education; Factors that contributed to the decline in enrollments of foreign students in the U.S.; Efforts of the Japan-United States Educational Commission to implement recruitment campaigns for students in Japan.

Reports on the plan of European colleges to standardize academic degrees and course credits, as of September 2003. Benefits of the reform; Countries supporting the changes; Opposition from students and faculty members.

Reports on the move of Italian universities to launch advertising initiatives. Advertisement of the University of Florence; Total advertising bill for Italian universities in 2001; Move of other European universities to advertise.

Focuses on the condition of Nigerian universities which are facing violence, corruption and neglect. Initiatives of William Saint, the World Bank's chief education specialist for Africa; Significance of oil exports to the countries economy; Plans of action by the Nigerian government.

Focuses on foreign enrollments in the United States (U.S.) and its international competitors. Information on the states with increased number of foreign students; Strategies and efforts implemented by the international competitors of U.S. to attract foreign students; Details of a statistical report by the Institute of International Education concerning international students; Colleges in U.S. with the most numbers of foreign students in 2000 to 2001.

Focuses on the opening of the National University of East Timor in East Timor, Indonesia in November 2000. Learning conditions at the university; Historical background of East Timor; Role of the university in the independence movement; Restoration of peace and order in the country after a referendum; How the university was established.

Reports on efforts of Egyptian education officials to limit the influence of Islamic fundamentalists in schools and universities. Arrest of student protesters; Confrontations in and outside the classroom between Islamists and secularists; Imposition of strict religious behavior on male and female students; Need of modernizing the higher education system.

Examines the numbers of American scholars and graduate students now working in the Czech Republic and, in lesser numbers, in Slovakia. Americans can be found teaching, helping write new democratic constitutions and laws, reviving law schools. List of some programs bring Americans to Czech and Slovak institutions; Aspects of academe organized differently; Shortage of library resources and research materials; Students never before encouraged to think for themselves; Comments.

Features the Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, Lithuania. American approach to education; Stress on the acquisition of English; Description of the university as the antithesis of the intellectually conservative and ideologically rigid Soviet-style university.

Discusses the change in curriculum structure of Eastern European universities after the fall of communism. Support of progressive academic and political leaders; Grants of autonomy for universities; Replacement of conservative rectors and deans by reform-minded people.

Reports on problems facing universities in Italy. The university system being the most crowded in Europe; The example of the University of Rome; Proposed changes put forth by Luigi Berlinguer, Italy's minister of public education and acting minister of universities and research; His call for a break-up and baring down of a number of state colleges and universities; Criticism of his agenda; Reasons for the overcrowding; Additional solutions. INSET: Students jostle for room at the U. of Rome...

The article focuses on the issue of health insurance benefits for the partners of gay and lesbian college and university professors and other issues concerning gay and lesbian discrimination. Universities with higher rankings are more likely to provide benefits for same-sex partners. Kentucky and Michigan are specifically mentioned as states with universities considering the implementation of same-sex health care plans. Hospital visitation rights, social security benefits, and the employment of gay or lesbian scholars are also discussed as issues which involve discrimination.

The article focuses on the number of U.S. students earning an academic degree in Great Britain. According to Britain's Higher Education Statistics Agency, 14,755 Americans were enrolled in degree programs at British institution in the 2005-2006 academic year. Studying in Great Britain is generally cheaper than studying in the U.S. Joan A. Liu, co-director of college guidance at the Ranney School, a private institution in Tinton Falls, N.J., believes that the cost of sending a child to a British college or university is about $20,000 less than institutions in the U.S. Information is given for the University of Saint Andrews in Scotland.

The article focuses on the problems of visa violation faced by the foreign students due to disruptions caused by the hurricane Katrina. While the U.S. Department of Homeland Security has loosened some of its rules for foreign students, other cumbersome regulations remain. The students must enroll at another college within 30 days of the originally scheduled start of their classes, or else leave the country. While many of the colleges in Katrina's path provided buses to evacuate students in the day or two before the hurricane hit, most international students, like their American classmates, scattered in an unorganized exodus from the Gulf Coast. Colleges accepting foreign students have had the double burden of finding appropriate classes for them and hunting down advisers from their stricken institutions.

Discusses the response of U.S. universities and graduate schools to the three-year undergraduate program adopted by European higher education ministers. Issues arising from the three-year diploma programs in Europe; Basis for the decision of U.S. college admissions officers to accept the three-year bachelor degrees in Great Britain; Approaches of graduate schools in the U.S. to dealing with applications from European students.

Reports on the impact of the conflict in Kosovo, Serbia on the language of higher education for the Albanian minority. State universities in Macedonia that opposed a plan to establish a publicly financed Albanian-language university; Impact of violence in Kosovo on the University of Mitrovica; Percentage of students who attended public universities in Macedonia from 2001 to 2002.

Presents information on the success of the University of the Americas, which was owned by Sylvan Learning Systems, in Chile. Consequences related to the growth of the university; Impact of the university's marketing on its growth; Criticisms on the education provided by the university.

Focuses on the growth of private universities in Chile. Increase in enrollment in higher education; Amount of tuition fees charged by the universities; Complaints of the universities on the government's ruling on student loans.

Reports on the creation of the University of the Arctic for the higher education of indigenous people in the Arctic region as of October 2002. Challenges faced by the university; Statement of indigenous communities regarding the creation of the university; Information on the bachelor's-degree program of the university for circumpolar studies.

Presents an update on violence in African universities as of July 2002. Disruptions to learning brought about by faculty strikes in Nigeria; Deprivation and repression problems experienced by African higher education; Disruption of Sudanese higher education in 1998 when universities closed.

Reports on the growth of distance education among developing countries. Challenges facing educators regarding online learning; Variety of teaching formats used by China Central Radio and Television University; Steps taken by other developing countries toward improving their distance education; Virtual universities established in Argentina.

Reports the efforts of the University of Rostock in supporting the city of Rostock, Germany and the region surrounding it. Difficulties faced by the city following the unification of East and West Germany; Collaboration between the university, the municipal government and farmers to develop programs to help young victims of sexual abuse; Trend in universities cultivating closer links with their communities.

Details that since the demise of Communist rule in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, hundreds of private higher-education institutions have been established across the region. How the development of private higher education in the region has been unplanned and unregulated; How the institutions have embraced modern teaching methods; How Romania has experienced the biggest explosion of private institutions; How Russia developed an accreditation mechanism.

Focuses on the European Consortium of Innovative Universities (ECIU), a group of universities which explored alternatives to Europe's dominant model of a conservative institution wholly dependent on the state. Members of ECIU; Expansion of revenue sources; Promotion of technological spinoffs; Pooling of resources by universities in response to falling state support.

Focuses on the Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg in Germany. Participation of the university in the European Consortium of Innovative Universities; `Interdisciplinarity' at the university; Introduction of the bachelor's-degree programs; Close links to local industry.

Takes a look at the issue of head scarves on university campuses in Turkey where a ban on the wearing of clothing deemed to be religious has been a divisive issue since the late 1980s. The two opposing views on the issue; Why female students in head scarves often play a subversive role within the Islamist movement; How Islamist students see themselves; Comments from Nilufer Gole, a sociology professor at Bogazici University in Istanbul.

Reports that university leaders in Slovakia say the fall of the government headed by Prime Minister Vladimir Meciar has opened the possibility of the improvement of the state of higher education which is in the midst of a financial crisis. Sharp drop in state funding; Reasons for the decline of state support; Shrinking university budgets; Strengthening autonomy for universities.

Discusses the entrenchment of Islamic fundamentalism in universities in Arab countries. Islamism as a the ideological substitute of Arab nationalism; Occurrence of violence in Egyptian and Algerian institutions; Employment of terrorism by extremists; Status of the movement in the police states of Iraq, Libya and Syria; Compromises on the wearing of the veil by female students.

Examines the inertia and conservatism that are slowing down campus reform in several Eastern Europe countries that were previously Communist. Teaching corps trained under Communism; Importance of changes that have already been made; Positive changes most notable in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland; Time needed to allow professors to change their attitudes; No signs of government intrusion on academic freedoms; How personnel changes are needed to make things happen; More.

Reports that three Baltic countries are dismantling their large, Soviet-style academies of science in an effort to return research to the universities. Universities' main mission; Role of the academy of science; Appeal of Estonian scientists to the Parliament to guarantee its support for science.

Reports on challenges faced by higher education institutions in Egypt. Severe overcrowding at the country's national universities and private institutions; Rise of Islamic fundamentalism and intellectual timidity; Possibility that demand for university courses could quadruple by the end of the 1990s.

Reports on the planned opening of the Central European University in Prague, Czech Republic. Purpose behind the opening of the institution; Foundations behind the establishment of the university; Courses that will be offered by the university; Disciplines that will be included in the curriculum; Site of the university's headquarters.

Reports that top officials of Kuwait University returned to their war-ravaged country in March 1991 to begin the immense task of rebuilding the institution. Extent of damage suffered by the university; Details of rebuilding efforts; Implications on higher education.

Reports on the launch of an education program involving academic exchange from West European universities and financial assistance for East European Universities. Approval rates for project proposals and education programs; Details about the exchange programs; Finance for the operations of colleges and universities.

Focuses on the status of higher education in Poland in 1991. Concern of academic leaders on the continued deterioration of colleges; Significance of the election of Lech Walesa as president on the colleges' prospect for continued moral support; Inability of the 1991 budget to compensate for the budget cuts suffered by universities in the early 1980s.

Reports on the failure of U.S. educational institutions to take adequate steps to interact with universities across Eastern Europe in 1990. Academic exchanges formed by university leaders in the European Community; American Council on Education's request for the U.S. Congress to finance an information clearinghouse on academic-exchange proposals; Demand in the U.S. for academic exchanges with institutions in the former Eastern bloc.

Discusses the major changes in Turkey's program to train academics for the its expanded university system. Increase in the testing and screening of candidates; Requirement of extensive English-language training before qualifying for advanced study abroad; Assertion that training large numbers of young academics in the West is worth the expense; Review of past programs.

Reports on student protest in Germany against the state-run university system which critics say is badly in need of modernization. Students complaining that they have too few instructors, cramped lecture halls, and outdated laboratory equipment; Financing for the higher education system not growing with enrollment; Details on the framework law to establish general principles for each sate to approve its own laws to implement.

Reports on the changes occurring within European universities and colleges. How the institutions are becoming increasingly more autonomous; Reasons for the changes; Adoption of framework laws and what they mean; Attempts by European governments to make universities more accountable. INSET: Twente U. adapts to changes European, by Burton Bullag..

Discusses corruption and nepotism in Italian universities. Charges against eight professors of medicine; The 1994 conviction of two members of a national commission responsible for appointing professors; The need for reform shared by educators and government; The political nature of higher education in Italy; Reform efforts and the support they receive from most professors.

Praises two highly respected universities in Eastern Europe in 1996. The Graduate School of Social Research in Warsaw, Poland; Its approach to education; Its reputation as a model for new learning institutions in Eastern Europe; The Palacky University in Olomouc in the Czech Republic; Its winning of the 1996 Hannah Arendt Prize; The traditional approach used.