1. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study
- Author
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Cristina Bouzas, Josep A. Tur, Clotilde Vázquez, Montserrat Fitó, Nerea Becerra-Tomás, Josep Vidal, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, J. Alfredo Martínez, M. Dolors Zomeño, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Pilar Matía, Francisco J. Tinahones, Jose Lopez-Miranda, M. Angeles Zulet, Emilio Ros, Javier Díez-Espino, Josep Basora, Ramon Estruch, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Manuela Abbate, Estefanía Toledo, José Lapetra, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Antonio Garcia-Rios, Dora Romaguera, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Maria del Mar Bibiloni, Juan Carlos Cenoz, Lidia Daimiel, Vicente Martín, Dolores Corella, Jesús Vioque, Xavier Pintó, Alberto Asensio, Helmut Schröder, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, and Julia Wärnberg
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Mediterranean diet ,Population ,Physiology ,Nutritional Status ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Overweight ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Diet, Mediterranean ,Diabetes, Diet quality, Mediterranean diet, Nutrient adequacy, Pre-diabetes ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Micronutrients ,education ,Geriatric Assessment ,Aged ,Metabolic Syndrome ,education.field_of_study ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrient adequacy ,business.industry ,Diabetes ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Micronutrient ,Obesity ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Nutrition Assessment ,Dietary Reference Intake ,Spain ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Metabolic syndrome ,Pre-diabetes ,business ,Diet quality - Abstract
Background & aims: Few studies have compared micronutrient intake and fulfilment of average requirements (EAR) in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic adults at high cardiovascular risk. We assessed these variables in a large sample of participants in the PREDIMED-PLUS randomized trial of primary cardiovascular prevention with diet and physical activity. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in n = 5792 men and women, aged 55-75 years, with overweight/obesity and some metabolic syndrome features. Methods: Participants were categorised as non-diabetic (n = 2390), pre-diabetic (n = 1322) or diabetic (n = 2080) by standard criteria. Food and nutrient intake were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Micronutrients examined were vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, D, E and folic acid; Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, Se, Cr, Zn, and iodine. The proportion of micronutrient inadequacy was evaluated using the EAR or adequate intake (AI) cut-offs. Diet quality was also determined using a 17-item energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) questionnaire. Results: Compared to non-diabetic participants, those with pre-diabetes had lower intakes of total carbohydrates (CHO) and higher intakes of total fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) and were more likely to be below EAR for folic, while diabetic participants had lower intakes of total CHO and higher intakes of protein, total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, SFA and cholesterol and were less likely to be below EAR for vitamins B2, and B6, Ca, Zn and iodine. Diabetic participants disclosed higher adherence to the MedDiet than the other two groups. Conclusions: Older Mediterranean individuals with metabolic syndrome and diabetes had better nutrient adequacy and adherence to the MedDiet than those with pre-diabetes or no diabetes. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2020