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Destination branding and digital diplomacy, as two driving forces for the tourism industry, can capitalize on branding strategies and marketing instruments from commercial practice. Although existing research has explored ways this should include search engine optimization (SEO) tools and analyses, implementation has been limited so far. Currently, daily queries and results in global search engines have a major impact on international perceptions of countries and the formation of public opinions in the context of the tourism industry and country relations. SEO tools not only create new challenges and possibilities for data analysis for related scientific disciplines, but also offer great benefits for political, cultural, and educational institutions and decision-makers in destination branding and tourism. It is crucial for these entities to carefully evaluate and strategically employ websites and web content to rank better in search engine results. This study closes a gap in applied research by critically examining common approaches to search engine analysis for tourism purposes, especially those based on Google Trends data. This includes introducing previously neglected SEO analysis methods, along with cases regarding their applications. The study concludes by discussing the limitations of search engine resources and their potential for future research and use in destination branding and digital diplomacy in the tourism context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Tourism and Partnership Fields: A Summary" explores the intersection of tourism research with other disciplines to enhance theoretical and conceptual exploration. It delves into the dialogue between Mr. Okamoto and Pi Patel in Martel's "The Life of Pi," highlighting questions about language, truth, and knowledge. The text emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in tourism studies, focusing on partnerships with fields like urban studies to address issues of exclusion, displacement, and sustainability in the tourism industry. The article advocates for a critical understanding of tourism education, labor market challenges, and the need for collaborative knowledge production to navigate complex global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Guest Editorial: Tourism’s Great Correction: Advancing Tourism Sustainability and Resilience" discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global tourism and the opportunities it presents for reshaping the industry towards sustainability goals. It features research on topics such as cultural ecosystem services, ESG reporting, staycations, and resilience, emphasizing the need for collaboration and innovation to create a more sustainable and equitable future for tourism. The article calls for transformative tourism practices, highlighting the importance of embracing sustainability and resilience as guiding principles for the industry's recovery and future development. [Extracted from the article]

This research note aims to explore the relations between food tourism and short-video platforms, specifically TikTok, to understand how destinations promote food-related tourist experiences. Based on an exploratory qualitative approach, the study examines the role of food tourism in digital destination marketing focused on 29 TikTok videos from 16 global destinations. Results reveal that while food consumption is central to the promotion of these experiences, the content also emphasizes the preservation of local heritage and traditions through culinary products, dishes, and the surrounding environment. This highlights the importance of food in tourism marketing, as well as the collaborative creation of food tourism experiences that enhance the competitiveness of destinations. The research note contributes to advance research on the relationship between food tourism and social media, and it offers insights for future studies to explore the dynamic relations between destination marketing and food tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document "Volume 28 Subject and Author Index" from Tourism Review International provides an index of subjects and authors covered in the journal. Topics include Actor-network theory, COVID-19 tourism, digital marketing, LGBTQ tourism, and wine tourism. Authors featured in the index include B. Annamalai, S. Aziz, V. Bhatt, and many others. [Extracted from the article]

This exploratory study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the published academic material on metaverse in the context of tourism marketing. This is done by examining leading journals with published articles related to the phenomenon, the authors shaping the discourse and conducting coauthorship analysis to reveal the collaborative networks. Additionally, the study identified common themes among the published documents to comprehensively understand the metaverse's multifaceted impact. Drawing from peer‐reviewed research articles published until November 1, 2023 from prominent scientific databases, a bibliometric and content analysis of 26 articles was performed. Findings revealed that the use of the metaverse in the tourism industry is still in its infancy, with studies only gaining momentum in 2023. Despite the transformative potential of the metaverse, this study sheds light on the current state of academic research on the metaverse and tourism marketing, providing insights into its key contributors and thematic trends. The study bridges gaps in existing knowledge and contributes to explicating an avenue that guides future research and advances understanding in the field. The study argues that the metaverse is causing a paradigm shift in tourism marketing, making the research relevant to practitioners interested in digital transformations in tourism and thus have managerial and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing importance of social media in the tourism domain has led to an accelerated growth of research in the past decade. Through a systematic literature review, this study offers an overview of researched contexts and topics, identifies gaps in the literature, and suggests a comprehensive agenda for future research. We also present quantitative, visualization-rich results employing bibliometric citation and content analysis of 94 articles covering social media content strategy across 43 journals published from 2012 to 2022. The cocitation analysis on cited references revealed four clusters. A detailed analysis of the most influential journals/articles in the area, theories employed, research context, variables tested (characteristics), and methods used is also provided. The study finally outlines eight directional themes for advancing research in this domain. The study's findings can help academics, practitioners, and policymakers comprehend the latest developments and significant trends influencing social media content strategy in the tourism domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the role of wealth in modeling the propensity to consume luxurious goods and services, the literature has so far neglected the role of wealth as inferred from the stock market in modeling tourism inflow. Using 43 European countries over the period 1994???2019, we demonstrate that demand-side wealth effect as inferred from the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) indexes is an important determinant of inbound tourism. We find that a good financial mood extrapolated from the bullish wealth effect positively influences the inflow of tourists to Europe. The effect of the relationship between external wealth effect and inbound tourism is higher for non-EU member countries and countries in Eastern Europe. Lastly, we find that the wealth effect in the US was an important factor in predicting inbound tourism during the global financial crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of economic stimulus policies on tourism-related firms' stock prices, after movement restriction announcements, and differences in the relationships between economic policy responses and stock prices for large firms vis-à-vis small firms. Using a cross-section data of 888 firms from 56 countries listed on several stock exchanges, we find a positive and significant association between the COVID-19 economic stimulus index and 1- and 2-week average changes in tourism firms' stock prices after movement restriction announcements. Tourism firms' stock prices responded favorably to the introduction of macrofinancial packages and monetary policies. This study complements the literature on stock market reactions during the pandemic and contributes to the growing body of literature examining its overall effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism development is often used as a strategy to fight poverty, but in the tourism literature it remains controversial as a tool for poverty alleviation in a poor region. This study adopts a multidimensional framework to measure regional poverty. Specifically, we examine four dimensions, including economics, education, social security, and medical service, to reflect poverty alleviation for a region. Then we establish econometric models to explore the link between tourism and poverty alleviation. The result shows that tourism development has a positive influence on multidimensional poverty alleviation in 73 counties in Guizhou province, a typically poor region in China. The consideration of the multidimensional nature of poverty in this study is more convictive to conclude that tourism can reduce poverty. This study further demonstrates that political pressure, indicated by the time period near the end of the fight-against-poverty campaign and by whether a county has red-culture heritages, affects tourism-led poverty alleviation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most common cultural tourism consumption practices is the purchase of products as souvenirs, frequently acquired as symbols of local heritage and extension of memorable tourist experiences, and sometimes as gifts permitting a sharing of those experiences. These items are complex, diverse, and multidimensional in their nature, format, and meanings. This article contributes to the debate of the role of souvenirs within tourism, through a comprehensive literature review highlighting two dominant perspectives: a) the economic and b) the symbolic. Results further reveal as thematic research categories those focusing on a) the object, b) its consumption, and c) the territory of its origin, from both mainly economic and symbolic perspectives. This research provides an analytical framework to help researchers navigate through past research and integrate new contributions into the identified research streams. It shall help identify research gaps, potential new themes, and interesting and relevant approaches to be considered in future souvenirs research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the self-organizing map algorithm is used for studying whether and which tourism flows in Sicily are synchronized (i.e., which flows show similar patterns in time and space), if any. Synchrony hunting was performed for domestic and international tourists both on a yearly and monthly basis. Local tourism, meaning the holidays spent in Sicily by residents on the island, is also considered but on a yearly basis only. The analysis makes use of time series representing the number of overnight stays in Sicily over the period 2013‐2019. Results provide evidence for a domestic market overall more synchronized than the international one, both in time and space. Spatiotemporal patterns for local tourism seem strongly influenced by the landscape. Some policy implications are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the unprecedented circumstances resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, various national government policies were implemented to reduce the serious economic damage caused by the pandemic and attempts to control it. These policies generally aimed to kick-start domestic-led recoveries in many sectors. This study examines how different types of fiscal measures adopted by governments in response to this pandemic are associated with the growth of expenditure on domestic travel in 2020. Utilizing data from 76 countries and applying OLS estimator and 2SLS regression (which mitigates the potential endogeneity problem), the study shows that governments' additional spending and tax reductions (especially in non-health sectors) positively contributed to rising expenditure in domestic travel destinations. Similar results are found for countries that are very reliant on tourism. Our findings lend empirical support for Keynesian theory's prediction concerning the effect of government spending and tax reduction on household consumption behavior in the short run, particularly during periods of economic stress and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a political???economic perspective, this research examines the nexus between Chinese foreign aid and tourism demand in 138 recipient countries. Specifically, it investigates two mechanisms and their interplay: (1) an economic channel that entices an influx of international tourists through infrastructure development; and (2) a political channel that attracts Chinese tourists by diminishing political distance. A cross-country panel dataset on Chinese aid projects is analyzed. The results suggest that Chinese aid has a significant impact on Chinese tourists after a 1-year lag through the political channel, while the economic channel's effect on Chinese/other international tourists is not salient within 5 years. Significant long-run equilibrium relationships are found between aid and both tourist segments. The economic effect emerges in the long term, while the political effect fades out. This study provides a novel political???economic perspective for tourism research and presents new insights into China???s soft power in global tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to examine overtourism-related papers published in the Web of Science and to identify research structure framework through network analysis between key keywords. Accordingly, the abstract of 110 papers related to overtourism from 2018 to 2021 was reviewed through text mining using Python. Afterwards, clusters derived through semantic network analysis were found to be Positive/Negative Impact of Tourism Development , Economic Causes , Efforts for Sustainability ," and Necessity of Policy. Through this, it was intended to present countermeasures against overtourism and directions for establishing policies. In addition, by deriving the main keywords for each cluster, basic data that can examine the relationship between overtourism phenomena in more detail were provided and contributed to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divergent priorities, interests, and agendas among local and global communities form the core of the conservation versus development debate. The intricate challenges facing humanity in the 21st century demand a more comprehensive approach to analyzing issues and exploring alternative solutions. This article aims to integrate tourism, a burgeoning service industry, into the local???global and conservation???development nexus. It posits tourism as a mutually acceptable common ground for both local and global communities in the conservation and development agenda. Furthermore, this article presents a model illustrating how tourism can serve as a tool for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We undertake a systematic literature review that looks at the economic effects of tourism at subnational levels. This review, the first of its kind to our knowledge, is timely in view of the growing body of research investigating the economic impact of tourism at subnational levels. Moreover, given the role of tourism as a regional development tool, this review would be of particular interest to policymakers. Our selection process, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, results in 60 papers forming the basis of the review. The latter first presents the key features of the literature and synthesizes its main findings. Then it provides an assessment of the literature by i) highlighting underresearched countries and topics, and suggesting themes for future research, and ii) recommending empirical strategies to be adopted by researchers that would better reflect the economic repercussions of tourism at subnational level. All in all, our review synthesizes the research done so far and outlines some venues that could be part of the future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we explore how the lockdowns followed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent rise in domestic tourism impacted the ways in which Arctic tourism businesses sold and shared their experiences and stories to the domestic tourist–for many, a new and unusual guest. In exploring cases from Greenland and Northern Norway, we are interested in describing tourism marketing and product innovation in times of crisis, using this disruption into the usual market dynamics of Arctic tourism to reflect on postpandemic tourism opportunities. As we argue, tourism marketing and development may serve as a lens to shed new light on the often turbulent relationships between tourism actors in Arctic communities. As we show, this was the case in the summer of 2020, where increasing concerns, as well as new insights and experiences, surfaced in the emerging domestic tourism encounters. We argued that these exemplify potential new ways for more reciprocal encounters in Indigenous and Arctic tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents and discusses the visible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cultural tourism in Czechia, Europe. The pandemic has caused or accelerated certain changes. Mainly urban destinations focusing on foreign tourists (e.g., Prague) were affected by the pandemic. However, despite the significant decline in tourism as an industry, the seeds of positive changes can be traced. For example, domestic tourists have discovered the appeal of the rural regions of their homeland. The trend has started to evolve from mass tourism to a more individual one. The decline of the workforce in tourism will likely result in the increase of more self-service forms of activities. Even though e-tourism cannot replace real experiences, it will contribute to a more deliberate selection of tourist destinations and services. Therefore, investing in a higher quality infrastructure should be a priority. The latest observations show that the main obstacle is insufficient cooperation among local stakeholders, such as entrepreneurs, public administration, or individual government departments. Czechia???s fundamental drawback is the lack of clear distinction of whether culture tourism falls into the economic sector or the cultural sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) on tourism in Barcelona, identifying the pandemic as a crucial turning point and window of opportunity for redefining the sector and reimagining Barcelona???s relationship with tourism. Throughout the pandemic, Barcelona???s tourism sector has experienced an unprecedented drop in visitors and revenue. The city must embrace new strategies for tourism and development in order to remain resilient in the face of this crisis. Cultural tourism offers both a shortterm opportunity for economic recovery and a longer-term solution to the city???s preexisting sustainability issues. In addition to capitalizing on Barcelona???s wealth of cultural resources to attract "proximity" tourists, cultural tourism affords future opportunities to reduce the negative externalities of mass tourism and to reimagine a more sustainable tourism model for the city. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the article weighs the present need to promote tourism???s potential contribution to economic recovery against the future challenges of post-COVID-19 tourism and Barcelona???s need for greater sustainability. We include qualitative analysis based on press and document analysis of local newspapers and city government and tourism sector documents, as well as quantitative analysis of existing economic and tourism data and the results of a residents??? survey undertaken through the SPOT project (EU-H2020). In doing so, we highlight the role cultural tourism may play in Barcelona???s inclusive growth after COVID-19, addressing prior sustainability issues and promoting a more equal distribution of tourism???s benefits. This article also contributes to the ongoing dialogue between researchers and government and tourism actors regarding tourism???s role in local development and the future of the city, thus contributing to future strategies and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until July 2021, the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic were severe for tourism-dependent countries, such as Greece, and particularly the Cyclades. The cultural sector and related activities, at the crux of Cycladic tourism industry, were especially hit by the pandemic. The rest of the 2021 tourist season, however, proved especially successful for Cycladic tourism, which poses the question of why and how a destination may survive–and even profit–from the pandemic. This article thus explores emerging Cyclades tourism patterns and prospects (in a case study of Andros, Syros, and Santorini), in the context of the anticipated postpandemic tourism regeneration. Methodologically, the study was based on: a) a series of in situ in-depth interviews with key informants, b) a questionnaire survey of tourists and related local businesses, and c) a focus group panel discussion with key local/regional stakeholders. The study was conducted between the fall of 2020 and spring of 2021, in the context of the SPOT HORIZON2020 EU project; the research design and data interpretation were enriched by participant observation and consultation of Trip Advisor websites. Findings show that the pandemic and its repercussions were grave for these islands, highly dependent on tourism based on a dominant small-and-medium enterprise tourism development model. Modes of travel, types of tourism, and visitors??? behavior were altogether affected, resulting in new patterns of (im)mobilities, while the role of culture was viewed as the destination???s "hope in the horizon" towards the reigniting and regeneration of smaller scale, creative, dispersed, and more sustainable tourism. However, great disparities also emerged between the current state and regenerative potential for local cultural tourism development. The study participants specifically emphasized that the private tourism sector had been left by the State to their own devices, and pointed to a lack of a) cultural infrastructure, b) public funding, and c) destination marketing/promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has greatly influenced and restricted people???s everyday lives worldwide, especially the freedom to travel and engage in tourism. In Austria, tourism contributes 7.5% to the country???s GDP, ranking it in the top one third of EU countries. Hence, the consequences of the pandemic have been significant. However, in contrast to the overall declining numbers in arrivals and overnight stays, domestic tourism has experienced a revival compared to 2019, with a +22.6% increase in overnight stays by Austrian guests in August 2020. Nevertheless, these trends have been unevenly distributed across Austrian regions. As the long-term consequences of COVID-19 on tourism are unclear, this article aims to provide a snapshot by analyzing the pandemic???s impact on selected Austrian regions as well as the district of Leoben, a small and peripheral tourism region. Based on quantitative and qualitative research, the article highlights the uneven geographical character of COVID-19???s impact on tourism and shows that more peripheral regions have indeed experienced short-term gains in regard to their visitor numbers–especially strengthening existing peaks. Nevertheless, there are questions regarding the sustainability of these trends because of the intrinsic deficits of these regions in terms of infrastructure and management capacities. Future research in this field should consider the unevenness of COVID-19???s impact while also analyzing (long-term) changes related to peripheral regions and their tourism development in post-COVID-19 times. A microanalysis on a municipal level could also be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzed the behavior of receptive tourism in Ecuador and its relationship with the economy of the US. An index was developed to measure instability and crisis levels as well as the vector autoregressive (VAR) models, cointegration, as well as hypothesis tests through vectors. The findings indicate that Ecuador endured a crisis 12 out of 19 years; on the other hand, while the US entered a crisis, the figures of Ecuadorian tourism improved. Likewise, the GDP's inverse growth movement influenced the reduction in the number of tourists. Therefore, expenditure capacity decided the touristic destination, not so Ecuador's internal cost index. Finally, it was proven that the average expenditure of a foreign tourist was reduced across time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online communication (Web 2.0) is an important tool that can assist consumers in choosing a service and/or buying a product and, if used effectively, can help businesses to improve organizational performance. This is a study of the websites of a sample of 4,080 Italian agritourism farms, which focuses on the construction, utility, and relative maturity of these businesses. The study entails an exploration of how and where the organization of websites is effective for the promotion of the features of agritourism farms and is therefore essential for providing recommendations for decisionmakers in the Italian agritourism sector. To test the study hypotheses, an extended model of internet commerce adoption (eMICA) is used, which is adapted to include the information reported on each agritourism farm website. Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) helps to analyze the differences in website design and vacation types on offer at the provincial level. The eMICA highlights the utility of using interactivity to measure the relative maturity of agritourism farm websites. In contrast, the CHAID decision tree shows how the diversification of vacation types is an important strategy for selling local agrifood products, especially to farm accommodation guests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As markets evolve in the era of the experience economy, experiences have become more meaningful and are an essential part of tourism. Several studies have found that higher expenditures are a positive outcome of a successful and satisfying tourism experience. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic potential of staged experiential offerings in a rural community: Wickenburg, Arizona, a typical western mining and ranching heritage community with a thriving tourism economy. A content analysis of the community's official tourism website and attraction websites, and an onsite survey of visitors are the primary data sources. The results indicate that somewhat moderate demand exists for experiential consumption. They also reiterate the crossover significance of emotional and cognitive attributes and support the cognitive theory of emotions. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge and suggests that emotional and cognitive aspects of experiential consumption should be considered simultaneously for their economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourists travel because they are pushed by their internal motivations and attracted or pulled by certain elements and features of destinations. However, a growing number of destinations have similar tourist attractions and need to differentiate themselves. The aim of this study is to unveil the power of high-level culinary tourism, focusing on Michelin-starred restaurants, as a pull factor and generator of tourism flows, as well as to create a model to quantify the level of importance of these highquality restaurants as nuclei of a destination. The gastronomic and culinary industry is one of the most traditional sectors in most economies and is now becoming a fundamental element in attracting tourism and promotion. In this study, we argue that certain types of business, such as high-quality restaurants, can generate tourism flows in their own right within a context where the role of tourists and enterprises has shifted from a passive to an active one, in which companies actively seek to become destination pull factors. A quantitative survey questionnaire with structured questions was applied to customers of high-quality Spanish restaurants, specifically Michelin starred, with 432 valid responses. The results show distinctive motivations of customers who travel mainly for the restaurant and those who do so for the destination. They also show the importance of the nucleus (restaurant) as a factor of attraction to the destination, but also the importance of the destination/ surroundings to the nucleus. These findings provide valuable information and insights for culinary tourism in the future, both for culinary companies and for destination managers, who can then adjust their marketing and management strategies, emphasizing the need for mutual collaboration. The findings may also be helpful to institutions and to communication managers of the destinations to improve their promotion and communication strategies, to diversify supply in mature destinations, and to deseasonalized demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze the operational efficiency of tourism firms using weights-restricted data envelopment analysis (DEA) in a mathematical optimization framework. The use of weight restrictions has been applied in several studies on efficiency and performance evaluation, in order to account for the decision maker's information. In this study, a nonstandard approach to operational efficiency evaluation is applied in an attempt to overcome certain limitations in tourism analysis— namely, the fact that the analyst may choose to consider only a few rather than all of the input variables. One of the main findings of this study is that total weight flexibility can lead to nonrational weights due to the fact that certain inputs are effectively ignored. Furthermore, total weight flexibility can result in too many units being assessed as efficient, reducing the discriminatory power of the model. This problem can be solved by applying weight restrictions. A first practical implication is that the weighted DEA model yields better efficiency estimations. Moreover, since a high number of efficient units could be considered an unrealistic result, the findings of this study demonstrate that the choice of weighted or restricted DEA model produces more accurate efficiency results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow and tourism development. Using annual data for 44 countries in Africa from 1995 to 2014, and three different specifications of panel autoregressive distributed lag model, the study investigates short-run and long-run dynamics between FDI and tourism development. The study finds a significant positive relationship and a bidirectional long-run causality between FDI inflows and tourism development. In addition, the results show a negative short-run relationship between exchange rate and tourism development. Furthermore, there is evidence that economic growth and political stability are important determinants of tourism development. A major policy implication for African countries is that creating a politically stable environment and sustaining a growing economy help attract FDI inflows to boost tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports a holistic tourism destination assessment of Bantayan Island (Philippines) using an expanded tourism area life cycle (TALC) model. The expanded TALC contains five evaluation areas: destination characteristics, marketing response, economic impact, social impact, and environmental impact. Using various sources of evidence, findings suggest that Bantayan Island is positioned in the involvement stage of the TALC model. However, specific areas yield different results as the island is in the development–consolidation stage for destination characteristics, involvement–development for marketing response, involvement for economic impacts, development for social impacts, and involvement for environmental impacts. With these findings, various policy insights for destination management are offered, such as establishing carrying capacity, embracing a proactive marketing content and marketing analytics, managing resiliency of the locals and the tourism industry, integrating local culture in tourism packages, and reducing material and energy use and waste generation. These insights can be extended to other tourism destinations with similar conditions, particularly in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skipton, on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, is an old mill town that has seen tourists flocking to it since the arrival of the railway in the 19th century. Like many other old mill towns in northern England, Skipton has lost those mills-as-factories and the workers in them—and has struggled to retain a sustainable local economy. At the same time, Skipton has become increasingly gentrified, and has become a focus for day visitors and tourists attracted by the beautiful countryside seen when Le Tour de France came through Yorkshire in 2014. In this article, we explore the area of Skipton, dubbed the Canal Quarter. We focus on the leisure spaces that have opened there as attempts to construct alternative, authentic experiences around the consumption of real ale, the performance of live music, and the curation of second-hand vinyl records. We have previously explored how these might be shown to be a space for Habermasian rationality. In this sequel, we use critical theory to show how the alternative, authentic space of vinyl, real ale, and live music has already been compromised by two conflicting hegemonic powers: the cooption of leisure into the economics of tourism and tourism policy, and the meaninglessness of cool capitalism and Bauman's consumer society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is a critical study of tourism at four cemeteries in the Los Angeles area between 2013 and 2019: Hollywood Forever, Forest Lawn in Glendale, Forest Lawn in Hollywood, and Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery. We examined these venues through the lens of celebrity tourism, since they are known as "Hollywood memorial parks," hosting the graves of some of the most famous stars in the world. Through participant observation, informal conversations, and content analysis of texts we aimed to understand how the relationship between these venues and the entertainment industry works as a "pull factor" for tourists. Our data collection and analysis led to three main findings. Firstly, we identified the motivations behind the increasing number of tourists who add Los Angeles cemeteries to their must-see list. Although scholars often define cemeteries as dark tourism destinations, our investigation shows that Hollywood memorial parks are more related to celebrity tourism. Secondly, employing the notion of "cult of celebrity," we described how the experience of tourists visiting their favorite celebrity's grave can be seen as a modern pilgrimage centered on a collective experience. Thirdly, we analyzed the cemetery as a commodity in which executives work to promote the site as the perfect location where one can spend the "eternal life." In this sense, we also investigated how memorial parks are often used as venues for cultural events, attracting a large number of tourists. As described in the findings section, initiatives such as movie screenings and guided tours transform cemeteries into much more than just peaceful places where to honor the dead, becoming venues for both commodification and spectacle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military forces in Thailand have had an important role in national defense, social development, and environmental protection for many years. Military-based tourism is a new form of domestic tourism in Thailand. Within this trend, the article aims to explore the occurrence of "military tourism" in Thailand and propose a military-based tourism development model, adapted from Ritchie and Crouch's model to a case study at Sattahip Naval Base. Specific attention is given to factors determining destination competitiveness and sustainability of the base including the transformation of restricted areas turned into leisure destinations. Triangulation methods are derived through a focus group discussion with 25 naval personnel involved in domestic tourism, document analyses, direct observations, and an in-depth interview with a senior naval officer. The findings show that militarybased tourism at Sattahip is more competitive in destination capability featuring natural, cultural, and created resources, but less competitive in tourism management capability concerning accessibility, transportation for tourism, and staffing shortage in tourism services. The article also discusses critical issues related to military-based tourism development, including leadership, nationalism, domestic tourist typology, and degree of sustainability. A military-based tourism development model is also proposed for future studies, and recommendations are also provided to address the challenges in domestic tourism at military bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural tourism in India is increasingly becoming competitive. Customers expect better services and unique experiences. It is therefore essential for the service providers to better understand the expectations of the visitors and carefully match their offers. Segmentation and targeting of the market are accepted principles of business and there has been a lot of research on the basis of segmentation. The primary objective of this article is to identify the profile of the different clusters (popularly known as segments) of motivations of tourists traveling within rural India. The intention is to decipher the causative clusters, which influences the tourists to visit the rural areas. These variables are used to identify the various rural domestic tourist market segments. A self-administered instrument was used to collect the data. Four factors have been identified through exploratory factor analysis: socialization, escape, rural experience, and self-indulgence. After identifying factors, K-means clustering was used to segment the market. The researchers have identified two relevant segments of domestic rural tourists. These are family retreaters and rural escapists. The study advances the understanding of the Indian domestic rural tourism market. It will help policymakers and practitioners to design products and marketing programs matching the expectations of these targeted markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic tourism is the mainstay of tourism demand for many destinations. However, it does not receive as much attention as international tourism does in either academic or governmental research. There is no global database on domestic tourism statistics and no global view of overall volume and value trend statistics based on integrated measurements that include both domestic and international tourism travel. To begin to address this lacuna, this article assesses the domestic tourism demand data coverage and methods in 20 selected countries. Through exploratory comparative analyses and based on the findings, the study develops a list of critical success indicators to be used as inputs to a data-driven strategy for domestic tourism. This list includes 17 indicators grouped into three categories (basic data, indices, and market intelligence data). Furthermore, the study proposes methodological aspects to be considered when measuring domestic tourism: data source, the operational definition of usual environment, sampling techniques, and data collection methods. These proposed aspects offer potential guidelines to countries that plan to conduct new domestic tourism surveys or to improve current survey methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses issue on domestic tourism in Asia. Topic include United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), it is agreed that domestic tourism represents around 80% of world tourist arrivals; including estimated that domestic tourist spending contributes between 71% and 75% of total travel spending worldwide.

Due to the spectacular growth of traveler-generated content (TGC), researchers are using TGC as a source of data to analyze the image of destinations as perceived by tourists. In order to analyze a destination's projected image, researchers typically look to websites from destination marketing or management organizations (DMOs). The objective of this study is to calculate the gap between the projected and perceived images of Barcelona, Catalonia, in 2017, using Gartner's classification and applying compositional analysis. The official online press dossier is used as an induced source, the Lonely Planet guidebook as an autonomous source, and a collection of more than 70,000 online travel reviews hosted on TripAdvisor as an organic source. In addition to quantitative content analysis, this study undertakes two thematic analyses: the masterworks of architect Gaudi recognized as UNESCO WHS as part of the cognitive image component and feeling-related keywords as part of the affective image component. The results reveal strong differences between the induced and organic sources, but much smaller differences between the autonomous and organic sources. These results can be useful for DMOs to optimize promotion and supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ambidexterity concept is largely used in the strategic management field. However, little is known about its use in travel, tourism, hospitality, leisure, and event research. This study offers not only the first comprehensive analysis of the use of this concept but also a rationale for why it should be more widely used in travel, tourism, hospitality, leisure, and event research. The results show that (1) ambidexterity is scarcely used by researchers, (2) most papers are based on empirical data, and (3) all empirical studies were done either in Europe or in Asia. Moreover, scholars have focused on three main outcomes: sustainability, human resources performance, and market performance. This review allowed us to advance suggestions for practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares the contents of different online tourism information sources. In addition to developing a quantitative linguistic framework for comparing heterogeneous tourism information sources, a case study of the city of Barcelona in Chinese sources is presented. To understand the structural characteristics of textual communication, efficiency, and information gaps, this research examines texts not only from the websites of the Barcelona Tourism Office (local DMO) and a set of Mainland Chinese travel agencies, but also from Chinese online travel guidebooks and Chinese travel blogs. The findings reveal that the local DMO website texts are, overall, lower in lexical density and keyword density while higher in entropy. Chinese travel agency texts have lower entropy values while keyword and lexical densities are higher. Travel blogs are the most diverse and richest sources. The results explain the easiness of comprehension as well as the concentration, distribution, and repetition of information among the different sources. The findings also identify descriptive– subjective and procedural–propositional knowledge as the main semantic dimensions that affect the information gaps. Lastly, theoretical and practical contributions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By 2014 Indonesia registered 11.6 million inbound foreign tourists, 135% higher than the year 2000. Since then, government policies to promote tourism flourished. This article investigates the determinants of inbound tourism from the top nine mayor tourist origin countries into Indonesia covering the period of 2000 to 2014. This research employs a dynamic panel dataset to estimate the impact of per capita real income, relative prices, accommodation capacity, distance, and public infrastructure investment on international tourism demand in Indonesia, capturing demand- and supply-side effects. The results show that per capita income of tourists, relative price, and available rooms have a positive effect on tourism expenditure in Indonesia, while distance has a negative effect. Dummy variables capture large negative shocks in tourism arising from two terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005, as well as from the global financial crisis in 2008. Income plays a positive but low impact on tourism demand compared to other nations. The positive effect of prices suggests an advantage of Indonesia in competitive tourism prices. Nevertheless, low prices also denote low value in tourism services. The substantial impact of accommodation may indicate that significant effects of tourism are allocated in lodging, minimizing the impact on other sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the differences in tourism demand between French Polynesia and Singapore by applying the panel data technique. Although the tourism industry in these small states tends to be the main economic activity, they have a different economic structure: French Polynesia is highly dependent on the tourism industry, whereas Singapore has several service industries. This article applies the tourism demand model to panel data from 2008 to 2013. Different elasticities are observed in the model estimation between the two islands, such as income elasticity and transportation accessibility. Additionally, this article compares time dummies to estimate the impact of global bankruptcy in 2008. The results show that French Polynesia has slightly declined, while Singapore has gradually increased since 2008. An implication of this study is that the demand in a destination highly dependent on the tourism industry tends to result in a relatively high-income market, but the economy is affected by global phenomena. A destination that owns diversified industries is likely to have good accessibility, and the global economic impact is lower in the tourism market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visitors' movement patterns can provide important information on popular sites visited and the timing of visits. Such information can be used for transportation planning, appropriate use and management of tourism resources/facilities, and market segmentation. Traditional market segmentation methods typically use one or more nonspatial variables, which cannot reflect the spatial consumption of a destination if the spatial movement patterns are not considered. While studies on visitors' spatial movements in an urban area have recently gained popularity, few, if any, have investigated visitors' spatial movements in relation to urban forests (i. e., parks, gardens, and green spaces in an urban area). In view of this, this study segments visitor markets in Washington, DC based on dominant movement patterns of 1,090 visitors. General log-linear models are used to identify dominant movement patterns and poLCA in R Studio is used for segmentation analysis. Ten significant movement patterns are identified, including seven two-ward patterns and three three-ward patterns, with the National Mall as the most visited area in the city. Findings of this study are useful for the maintenance of urban forests, the design of visitor itineraries, and the effective marketing and management of attractions and facilities in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compositional data analysis (CoDa) is the standard statistical methodology when data contain information about the relative importance of parts of a whole. Many research questions in tourism are either related to distribution of a whole (e.g., distribution, share, allocation, etc.) or relative importance (e.g., dominance, concentration, profile, etc.). Example research questions might be: How does time allocated to different types of activities relate to tourist satisfaction? or Which origins and destinations concentrate the most tourist flows per tourist segment? The first aim of this article is to present the manner in which CoDa solves statistical problems that arise when treating compositional data with classical statistical methods (e.g., spurious correlations, meaningless distances, assumption violation). The second aim is to review all CoDa applications in tourism and hospitality to date. The third is to present CoDa applications in related fields (e.g., finance, sociology, geography, economics, management, ecology, education), which can be translated into future research in tourism. In order to show how to apply the most common CoDa tools (exploratory analysis of compositions, and use of compositions as variables in a model) an example of restaurant menu styles is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing meaningful names for government units that promote tourism can serve to facilitate more efficient identification by interested others. While the process would appear to be relatively intuitive (i.e., use of descriptive/suggestive identifiers), the results of this study reveal that the names used for official US state/commonwealth units responsible for administrating and promoting tourism-related commerce to businesses and visitors do not always include tourism-related identifiers. First, the review of inward-facing units (i.e., administrative units responsible for promoting business commerce in tourism) reveals that some of the states/commonwealths do not appear to use names that clearly identify the unit as tourism related. Second, the review of outward-facing units (the official state/commonwealth websites dedicated to promoting tourism to visitors) reveal that some of the domain names either do not reflect a clear tourism focus and/or may be difficult to interpret. To mitigate potential interpretational issues with the names, it is recommended that administrators consider the use of descriptive/suggestive names that more clearly identify the unit as tourism related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following previous research on museum and tourism websites, this study focuses on the websites created by UNESCO sites located in France, Italy, and Spain to evaluate their information content and how it can influence their online popularity. Empirical evidence suggests the following: a) heritage sites basically create websites to provide general and touristic information; b) the use of interactive elements and on-sale platforms is limited; c) relevant touristic information, engaging contents, and interactive elements are necessary to reach online popularity, and d) access is usually obtained without passing through a search engine tool. Heritage sites are considered an important element attracting tourists to visit a destination; hence, there is an urgent need for managerial implications on the most effective communication strategy that must be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is necessary for the functioning of Couchsurfing.com service. Without a certain degree of trust, the users would not let other Couchsurfing members into their homes, yet the trust has to form prior to any face-to-face interaction. This article explores the concept of trust in Couchsurfing through a quantitative survey of its users, looking into the connection between an individual's experience on the network and generalized trust. The positive association between Couchsurfing use and individual generalized trust is established, while negative experiences in the network are found to have significant negative impact on one's level of trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the highly competitive global tourism industry, place branding has become a widely used tool in the promotion of tourism destinations. The creation and communication of a unique, positive, and recognizable identity is considered key for destinations to remain competitive and vital for relatively unknown destinations to raise awareness among international audiences. However, the brand-building process has become more challenging than ever, as destinations around the world seek to promote themselves in much the same way. Consequently, destinations have begun to move away from traditional marketing strategies towards experiential marketing that seeks to engage potential tourists by not only communicating the characteristics of the place but also appealing to their senses and emotions. The Internet has become the key medium for the communication of destination brands, typically through national tourism websites. However, in the modem information search process, tourists have a multitude of resources available to them that do not always correspond with the internally created brand identity. This article considers the case of Slovenia. Tourism stakeholders have engaged in the process of building and communicating a rich and coherent experiential brand. Yet, Slovenia as a tourism destination is subject to the representations of external sources that have not adopted or successfully incorporated the essence of Brand Slovenia. In this article, tourism information websites are examined through the use of content analysis to investigate the differences in representations of the destination between the internally and externally produced sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]