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23 results on '"Clark, Justin"'

1. Virome Sequencing Identifies H5N1 Avian Influenza in Wastewater from Nine Cities.

Author

Tisza, Michael J, primary, Hanson, Blake, additional, Clark, Justin Ryan, additional, Wang, Li, additional, Payne, Katelyn, additional, Ross, Matthew C, additional, Mena, Kristina D, additional, Gitter, Anna, additional, Javornik Cregeen, Sara Joan, additional, Cormier, Juwan J, additional, Avadhanula, Vasanthi J, additional, Terwilliger, Austen L, additional, Balliew, John E, additional, Wu, Fuqing, additional, Rios, Janelle, additional, Deegan, Jennifer, additional, Piedra, Pedro, additional, Petrosino, Joseph F, additional, Boerwinkle, Eric, additional, and Maresso, Anthony W., additional

Published
2024
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4. Comprehensive Wastewater Sequencing Reveals Community and Variant Dynamics of the Collective Human Virome

Author

Tisza, Michael, primary, Cregeen, Sara Javornik, additional, Avadhanula, Vasanthi, additional, Zhang, Ping, additional, Ayvaz, Tulin, additional, Feliz, Karen, additional, Hoffman, Kristi L., additional, Clark, Justin R., additional, Terwilliger, Austen, additional, Ross, Matthew C., additional, Cormier, Juwan, additional, Henke, David, additional, Troisi, Catherine, additional, Wu, Fuqing, additional, Rios, Janelle, additional, Deegan, Jennifer, additional, Hansen, Blake, additional, Balliew, John, additional, Gitter, Anna, additional, Zhang, Kehe, additional, Li, Runze, additional, Bauer, Cici X., additional, Mena, Kristina D., additional, Piedra, Pedro A., additional, Petrosino, Joseph F., additional, Boerwinkle, Eric, additional, and Maresso, Anthony W., additional

Published
2023
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5. Functional Genomics of Gastrointestinal Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Cancer and Diarrhea

Author

Carter, Hannah, Clark, Justin, Carlin, Lily G., Vaughan, Ellen, Rajan, Anubama, Olvera, Adilene, Yu, Xiaomin, Zeng, Xi-Lei, Kambal, Amal, Holder, Michael, Qin, Xiang, Gibbs, Richard A., Petrosino, Joseph F., Muzny, Donna M., Doddapaneni, Harsha, Menon, Vipin K., Hoffman, Kristi L., Meng, Qingchang, Ross, Matthew C., Javornik Cregeen, Sara J., Metcalf, Ginger, Jenq, Robert, Blutt, Sarah, Estes, Mary K., Maresso, Anthony, and Okhuysen, Pablo C.

Subjects
Article
Abstract

We describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of 29 patients with cancer and diarrhea in whom Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) was initially identified by GI BioFire panel multiplex. E. coli strains were successfully isolated from fecal cultures in 14 of 29 patients. Six of the 14 strains were identified as EAEC and 8 belonged to other diverse E. coli groups of unknown pathogenesis. We investigated these strains by their adherence to human intestinal organoids, cytotoxic responses, antibiotic resistance profile, full sequencing of their genomes, and annotation of their functional virulome. Interestingly, we discovered novel and enhanced adherence and aggregative patterns for several diarrheagenic pathotypes that were not previously seen when co-cultured with immortalized cell lines. EAEC isolates displayed exceptional adherence and aggregation to human colonoids compared not only to diverse GI E. coli , but also compared to prototype strains of other diarrheagenic E. coli . Some of the diverse E. coli strains that could not be classified as a conventional pathotype also showed an enhanced aggregative and cytotoxic response. Notably, we found a high carriage rate of antibiotic resistance genes in both EAEC strains and diverse GI E. coli isolates and observed a positive correlation between adherence to colonoids and the number of metal acquisition genes carried in both EAEC and the diverse E. coli strains. This work indicates that E. coli from cancer patients constitute strains of remarkable pathotypic and genomic divergence, including strains of unknown disease etiology with unique virulomes. Future studies will allow for the opportunity to re-define E. coli pathotypes with greater diagnostic accuracy and into more clinically relevant groupings.

Published
2023

11. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Part 1 - Face masks, eye protection and person distancing: systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Jefferson, Tom, Jones, Mark, Al Ansari, Lubna A, Bawazeer, Ghada, Beller, Elaine, Clark, Justin, Conly, John, Del Mar, Chris, Dooley, Elisabeth, Ferroni, Eliana, Glasziou, Paul, Hoffman, Tammy, Thorning, Sarah, and Van Driel, Mieke

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.product_category, business.industry, Population, Psychological intervention, CINAHL, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Meta-analysis, Relative risk, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Observational study, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respirator, business, education, Personal protective equipment, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

OBJECTIVETo examine the effectiveness of eye protection, face masks, or person distancing on interrupting or reducing the spread of respiratory viruses.DESIGNUpdate of a Cochrane review that included a meta-analysis of observational studies during the SARS outbreak of 2003.DATA SOURCESEligible trials from the previous review; search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase and CINAHL from October 2010 up to 1 April 2020; and forwardand backward citation analysis.DATA SELECTIONRandomised and cluster-randomised trials of people of any age, testing the use ofeye protection, face masks, or person distancing against standard practice, or a similar physical barrier. Outcomes included any acute respiratory illness and its related consequences.DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSISSix authors independently assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane tool and extracted data. We used a generalised inverse variance method for pooling using a random-effects model and reported results with risk ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI).RESULTSWe included 15 randomised trials investigating the effect of masks (14 trials) in healthcare workers and the general population and of quarantine (1 trial). We found no trials testing eye protection. Compared to no masks there was no reduction of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases (Risk Ratio 0.93, 95%CI 0.83 to 1.05) or influenza (Risk Ratio 0.84, 95%CI 0.61-1.17) for masks in the general population, nor in healthcare workers (Risk Ratio 0.37, 95%CI 0.05 to 2.50). There was no difference between surgical masks and N95 respirators: for ILI (Risk Ratio 0.83, 95%CI 0.63 to 1.08), for influenza (Risk Ratio 1.02, 95%CI 0.73 to 1.43). Harms were poorly reported and limited to discomfort with lower compliance. The only trial testing quarantining workers with household ILI contacts found a reduction in ILI cases, but increased risk of quarantined workers contracting influenza. All trials were conducted during seasonal ILI activity.CONCLUSIONSMost included trials had poor design, reporting and sparse events. There was insufficient evidence to provide a recommendation on the use of facial barriers without other measures. We found insufficient evidence for a difference between surgical masks and N95 respirators and limited evidence to support effectiveness of quarantine. Based on observational evidence from the previous SARS epidemic included in the previous version of our Cochrane review we recommend the use of masks combined with other measures.

Published
2020
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13. Pandemic impacts on healthcare utilisation: a systematic review

Author

Moynihan, Ray, primary, Sanders, Sharon, additional, Michaleff, Zoe A, additional, Scott, Anna, additional, Clark, Justin, additional, To, Emma J, additional, Jones, Mark, additional, Kitchener, Eliza, additional, Fox, Melissa, additional, Johansson, Minna, additional, Lang, Eddy, additional, Duggan, Anne, additional, Scott, Ian, additional, and Albarqouni, Loai, additional

Published
2020
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15. “The ethics approval took 20 months on a trial which was meant to help terminally ill cancer patients. In the end we had to send the funding back”: a survey of researchers’ and ethics committee members’ views on research ethics reviews in Australia

Author

Scott, Anna Mae, primary, Chalmers, Iain, additional, Barnett, Adrian, additional, Stephens, Alexandre, additional, Kolstoe, Simon E., additional, Clark, Justin, additional, and Glasziou, Paul, additional

Published
2020
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16. Targeting of Mammalian Glycans Enhances Phage Predation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Author

Green, Sabrina I., primary, Liu, Carmen Gu, additional, Yu, Xue, additional, Gibson, Shelley, additional, Salmen, Wilhem, additional, Rajan, Anubama, additional, Carter, Hannah E., additional, Clark, Justin R., additional, Song, Xuezheng, additional, Ramig, Robert F., additional, Trautner, Barbara W., additional, Kaplan, Heidi B., additional, and Maresso, Anthony W., additional

Published
2020
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21. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Part 2 - Hand hygiene and other hygiene measures: systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Al-Ansary, Lubna, primary, Bawazeer, Ghada, additional, Beller, Elaine, additional, Clark, Justin, additional, Conly, John, additional, Del Mar, Chris, additional, Dooley, Elizabeth, additional, Ferroni, Eliana, additional, Glasziou, Paul, additional, Hoffmann, Tammy, additional, Jefferson, Tom, additional, Thorning, Sarah, additional, van Driel, Mieke, additional, and Jones, Mark, additional

Published
2020
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